第13講五種基本時態(tài)的用法（原卷版）-2023年七年級英語寒假課（牛津上海版）

第13講五種基本時態(tài)的用法【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】掌握一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時的用法專題訓(xùn)練【基礎(chǔ)知識】一般現(xiàn)在時的用法一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹基本概念：表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，或存在的狀態(tài)，還表示主語具備的性格和能力及客觀真理。例：Igetupat6:30inthemorning.Shehasbigeyes,smallmouthandlonghair.基本構(gòu)成：主要用動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)表示動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則動詞+s的變化規(guī)則1．一般情況下，直接加s，如：cookcooks,milkmilks2．以s..sh.ch.x.o結(jié)尾，加es，如：guessguesses,washwashes,gogoes3．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加es，如：studystudies4．以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾，直接加s，如：playplays5．havehas基本句型：1、肯定句：主語+謂語+其他。ShereadsEnglisheveryday.2、否定句：主語+don’t/doesn’t+謂語+其他。Hedoesn’tgetupat6:30inthemorning.3、一般疑問句：Do/Does+主語+V原+其他？DoyoulikeEnglish?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+do/does+主語+V原+其他？Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning?/Wheredoesyourfatherwork?基本用法：1.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。2.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。3.在時間狀語從句中（以when,after,before,while,until,assoonas等引導(dǎo)）和條件狀語從句中（以if,unless引導(dǎo)）,用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時,從句可以用一般將來時間。如：IwillringyouupassoonasIarriveinGermany.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillhavetostayathome.補(bǔ)充1：如果主句是祈使句/有情態(tài)動詞的，那么從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時,簡稱“主將從現(xiàn)，主祈（情）從現(xiàn)”。如：Don’tlaughatmewhenImakeamistake.如：Youshouldbequietwhenyouareinthereadingroom.補(bǔ)充2：if和when作連接詞時，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。如：Theydon’tknowif(是否)wearegoinghikingnextweekend.小練習(xí)：用正確形式填空填空。①Ifit_______(rain)tomorrow,Iwon’te.②Hedidn’ttellmeifit_________(rain)tomorrow.③Idon’tknowifhe__________(e)tomorrow.Ifhe______(e),I’lltellyou.④Whenit________(stop)raining,we’llgoswimming.⑤Couldyoutellmewhenthefilm____________(start)?I’llleaveforamoment.Keys:1.rains2.willrain3.wille,es4.stops5.starts4.表示“移動”的謂語動詞,用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來：e,go，leave,arrive，begin,start,Takeoff,fly等。如：ThetrainforHaikouleavesat8：00inthemorning.Hereesthebus./Theregoesthebell.時間狀語：

always，often，

usually，sometimes，never，rarely,seldom，hardly，every，onceaweek，onSundays，inthemorning…一般過去時的用法一般過去時基本用法介紹基本概念：一般過去時表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為；過去主語所具備的能力和性格。Iwatchedafilmwithmysisteryesterdayevening.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主要用動詞過去式表示動詞過去式變化規(guī)則：1．一般在動詞末尾加ed，如：pullpulled,cookcooked2．結(jié)尾是e加d，如：tastetasted3．末尾是"輔元輔"結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ed，如：stopstoppedshopshopppeddropdropped4．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加ed，如：studystudied5．不規(guī)則動詞過去式：需要特殊記憶。iswasarewerehavehaddodidgowent基本句型：基本結(jié)構(gòu)否定句一般疑問句Be動詞was/were+notwas或were提前，放于句首行為動詞didn’t+do（動詞原形）Did+主語+do（動詞原形）謂語動詞：Hewenttotheparkyesterday.謂語動詞：Hewenttotheparkyesterday.Hedidn’tgototheparkyesterday?Didhegototheparkyesterday?Be動詞：IwasinShanghailastyear.Iwasn’tinShanghailastyear.WereyouinShanghailastyear?基本用法：1、表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間里所發(fā)生的動作或情況，常與明確的時間狀語連用。eg:Attheageoften,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.2、表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。eg:WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplaythefootballinthestreet.3、在時間、條件狀語從句中，常用一般過去時態(tài)代替過去將來時。eg:Hesaidhewouldn’tgoifitrained.時間狀語：yesterday,justnow,lastnight,in2008,...ago,thedaybeforeyesterday(前天）,thismorning,in

the

past…一般將來時的用法一般將來時基本用法介紹基本概念：一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。eg:Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①am/is/aregoingto+doeg:IamgoingtovisittheBundnextsunday.②will+doeg:IwillvisittheBundnextsunday.基本句型：肯定句：主語+shall/will+動詞+其他成份Theywillgoshoppingthisafternoon.否定句：主語+shall/willnot+動詞+其他成份Iwillnotgoshoppingonehourlater.一般疑問句：shall/will+主語+動詞+其他成份Willyoupleaseopenthewindow?特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+shall/will+主語+動詞+其他成份Wherewillyougonextweek?基本用法：表在將來某個時間會發(fā)生的動作或情況。eg:Iwillebackintenminutes.在以第一人稱I或we作主語的疑問句中，一般使用助動詞shall，這時或是征求對方的意見，或是詢問一個情況：eg:Shallwehaveanyclassestomorrow?begoingto+動詞原形，表示事先考慮過的將要發(fā)生的動作、已有跡象表明必將要發(fā)生的某事，意為“打算；就要”。eg:Wearegoingtoputupabuildinghere./Ithinkitisgoingtosnow.表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞go，e，start，move，begin，leave，arrive，stay，get，fly等可用進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動作(行進(jìn)式動詞)。eg:I'mleavingforBeijing.時間狀語：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）intwodays...,in(the)future等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時基本用法介紹基本概念：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+動詞ing.(be為am/is/are)eg:Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1．一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cookcooking2．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：makemaking,tastetasting但動詞詞尾是字母組合ee的,就不能去掉詞尾e，而應(yīng)直接加ing。如:see－seeing3．如果末尾是"輔元輔"結(jié)尾的，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：runrunning,sit―sittingput―puttingbegin―beginningget―gettingswim―swimmingshop—shoppingchat—chattingstopstoppingdropdroppingpreferpreferredadmitadmitted4．少數(shù)幾個以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，變ie為y再加ing。如：diedyinglielyingtietying基本句型：肯定句：主語+am/is/are+動詞ing+其他成份Theyareplayingbasketballontheplayground.否定句：主語+am/is/arenot+動詞ing+其他成份Theyaren’tplayingbasketballontheplayground.一般疑問句：Am/Is/Are+主語+動詞ing+其他成份Aretheyplayingbasketballontheplayground?特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+am/is/are+主語+動詞ing+其他成份Wherearetheydoingnow?基本用法：1）表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為，或者說話時刻在內(nèi)的一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。eg:Listen,Someoneisplayingthepianointhenextroom.2）表示一種漸進(jìn)的過程。(如：get/bee/turn/go)eg:MyyoungerbrotherisbeingmoreandmoreinsterestedinEnglish.與always,allthetime,forever等連用，表示說話人某種強(qiáng)烈的情感，如：贊許、批評；喜歡、厭惡等。eg:Heisalwaysthinkingofothers,notofhimself.（表示贊許）eg:Sheisoftendoingwellatschool.（表示滿意）eg:Areyoufeelingbettertoday?（表示親切）eg:Oneofmyroommatesisconstantlyleavingthingsabout.（表示不滿）eg:Sellersareoftenknockingatourdoorandpromotingproductstous.（表示不喜歡）表示移位的動詞，如go,e,arrive,leave,start,begin等，其現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可表將來。

eg:SheisleavingforBeijingnextweak./Myfriendisingfordinner.時間狀語：now,look,listen,atthemoment(此時此刻),it’s+時刻,rightnow,atpresent,thesedays,Bequiet!/Don'ttalk,at7:30inthemorning(準(zhǔn)確的現(xiàn)在時間)過去進(jìn)行時的用法過去進(jìn)行時基本用法介紹基本概念：表示過去某一時刻或某一時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。eg:Theywereplayingfootballatteno’clockyesterdaymorning.

eg:MymotherwascookingwhenIgothome.

基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+was/were+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)+其他.eg:Iwaswashingmyclothesatthistimeyesterday.

基本句型：肯定句：主語+was/were+動詞ing+其他成份Shewasdoinghomeworkwhenhermothercameback.否定句：主語+was/werenot+動詞ing+其他成份Shewasn’tdoinghomeworkwhenhermothercameback.一般疑問句：Was/Were+主語+動詞ing+其他成份Wasshedoinghomeworkwhenhermothercameback?特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+動詞ing+其他成份Wherewasdoingwhenhermothercameback?基本用法：表示在過去某一點(diǎn)或某一段時間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。eg:Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.表示重復(fù)：與always,often,usually等表示動作屢次發(fā)生的副詞連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的不斷重復(fù)，表示感情色彩。eg:Shewasalwaysthinkingofothers.表示按計(jì)劃、安排過去將要發(fā)生的事。e，go，leave，start，arrive，begin等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞時，可用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。eg:Hetoldmethathewasgoingsoon.4、過去進(jìn)行時還可和when/while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。eg:Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensomeonecalledme.(when可用于延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性動詞)eg:TomwasdoinghomeworkwhilehiesisterwaswatchingTV.(while只用于延續(xù)性性動詞)時間狀語：常與過去某一特定的時間狀語連用，如:1)時間點(diǎn)+過去時（at8:00yesterday）2)時間段+過去時（from7to9lastnight）3)atthattime，thewholemorning，(at)thistimeyesterday...4)也有時沒有時間狀語，要通過上下文的暗示來確定用過去進(jìn)行時。eg.Thestudentsallworkedhard.Everyoneknewwhathewasworkingfor.5)when/while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中過去將來時的用法過去將來時基本用法介紹基本概念：表示從過去某時看將要發(fā)生的事或存在的狀態(tài)。eg：MybrothertoldmethathewouldbebackonSaturday.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①was/weregoingto+doeg:IwasgoingtovisittheBundthenextsunday.②would/should+doeg:IwouldvisittheBundthenextsunday.基本句型：肯定句主+should+do/would+do+其他.否定句主+shouldnot+do/wouldnot+do+其他.一般疑問句Would/should+主+do特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+would/should+主+do+其他基本用法：1.一般過去將來時主要表示從過去某時看將要發(fā)生的事或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g.Hesaidthatthemeetingwouldbeginathalfpastninethismorning.2.was/were+goingto+動詞原形（a）按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事（b）根據(jù)當(dāng)時情況判斷有可能但不一定會發(fā)生某事。e.g.Itseemedasifitwasgoingtorain.3e,go,leave,arrive,start,begin等移位動詞可用過去進(jìn)行時代過去將來時。e.g.Hesaidthetrainwasleavingatsixthenextmorning.Shetoldmeshewasingtoseeme.4.條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中須用一般過去時代替過去將來時。e.g.Ididn’tknowwhenshewoulde,butwhenshecameIwouldletyouknow.e.g.TheteachersaidthatitwouldbeverydifficulttomakeprogressifIdidn’tworkhard.(相當(dāng)于主將從現(xiàn)，只是把時間全移到過去。)時間狀語：該時態(tài)常用于賓語從句或間接引語中,主句的謂語動詞常常是過去時?！菊骖}演練】1．—________Leila________aschooltrip?—No.ShehasaSchoolDay.A．Is;have B．Is;has C．Do;has D．Does;have2．—__________shehaveasoccerball?—No,she__________.A．Is；isn’t B．Does；don’t C．Does；isn’t D．Does；doesn’t3．LiNa__________tenniswellandsheisagoodtennis__________.A．play;play B．player;play C．plays;players D．plays;player4．Hewent________and________somefruitforhisdaughterthismorning.A．shopping;bought B．shopping;buyingC．shop;bought D．shopping;buy5．—When________yourfatherleaveforWuhan?—Threedays________.A．will;ago B．did;ago C．will;before D．did;before6．There________trafficjamsintheairinthe2150s.A．isgoingtobe B．a(chǎn)regoingtohaveC．willbe D．willhave7．There__________aChristmaspartyinSunshineSecondarySchoolnextFridayevening.A．isgoingto B．willhaveC．isgoingtohave D．willbe8．There________asportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek.A．willhave B．isgoingtohave C．a(chǎn)regoingtobe D．isgoingtobe9．Finishyourhomeworkfirst,thenyou’llsurftheInternetforhalfanhour.A．can B．need C．beableto D．may10．Listen!Thelittlegirl________anEnglishbookoverthere(那邊).She________booksthereeverySaturdaymorning.A．reading;read B．reads;reads C．reads;read D．isreading;reads11．—________yourbedroomeveryday?—No,butI________itnow.A．Areyoucleaning;clean B．Doyouclean;cleaningC．Areyouclean;clean D．Doyouclean;amcleaning12．Look!Thegirlis________herteacher________theblackboard.A．help:clean B．help;cleaning C．helping;clean D．helping;cleaning13．Howdidtheaccidenthappen?Youknow,it________difficulttoseetheroadclearlybecauseit_________.A．was;wasraining B．is;hasrainedC．is;israining D．willbe;willrain14．Mr.Liu________hiscarat5o’clockyesterdayafternoon.A．waswashing B．iswashing C．washes D．willwash15．________Mary________abrother?A．Do;have B．Do;has C．Does;have D．Does;has16．Hi,Arthur.I________anexcitingtimeatschoollastMonday.A．had B．gave C．was D．left17．Nick________tothepark(公園)onSunday.A．go B．goes C．going D．togo18．—Who________anewrulerinmyclass?—Manystudents________.A．have;have B．has;has C．has;have D．have;has19．Where________Jack________from?A．does,is B．does,ise C．does,e D．do,e20．________she________gonow?A．Does,have B．Does,hasto C．Do,haveto D．Does,haveto【過關(guān)檢測】21．—WhereisyourEnglishbook?—Sorry,I________itathome.A．forget B．forgot C．leave D．left22．—Ididn’tseeyouintheclassroom,David.Where________you?—I________toborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary,Mr.Zhang.A．a(chǎn)re;go B．was;amgoing C．were;went D．do;go23．—Anicetie!Apresent?—Yes,itis.Myaunt________ittomeformybirthday.A．issending B．send C．willsend D．sent24．Tim________thefirstprizeinthetestyesterday.Hemustbeproudof________.A．gets;himself B．got;him C．gets;him D．got;himself25．—I________upat5amthismorning,soIamverysleepynow.—Takegoodcareof________.A．wake;you B．woke;yourself C．wake;your D．woke;you26．There________abasketballmatchbetweenClassThreeandourclassintenminutes.A．is B．was C．hasbeen D．isgoingtobe27．Jack,withhisfriends,__________goingto__________theirEnglishteachertomorrow.A．a(chǎn)re;visit B．is;visit C．is;visiting D．a(chǎn)re;visiting28．“There______ameetingnextMonday.”means“They______ameetingnextMonday.”A．willbe；willbe B．willhave；willhaveC．willbe；willhave D．willhave；willbe29．Hurryup!Theskyiscoveredwithblackclouds.I’mafraidit______.A．rains B．isgoingtorainC．rained D．wasraining30．Bequiet!Jack________hishomeworknow.A．a(chǎn)mdoing B．isdoing C．does D．do31．Listen!They________aboutthemovie.Let’sjointhem.A．a(chǎn)retalking B．talk C．i