Unit1Grammar教案牛津譯林版英語八年級下冊

教學(xué)內(nèi)容8BUnit1Grammar教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.掌握現(xiàn)在完成時的定義及基本構(gòu)成2.掌握規(guī)則動詞的變化規(guī)則及不規(guī)則動詞變化表3.重點詞匯、短語重點1.掌握現(xiàn)在完成時的定義及基本構(gòu)成2.掌握規(guī)則動詞的變化規(guī)則及不規(guī)則動詞變化表難點不規(guī)則動詞變化表教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備知識點、鞏固練習(xí)、課堂練習(xí)、課后作業(yè)教學(xué)過程現(xiàn)在完成時考點1現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成1）定義現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響,或者表示從過去某時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。eg:Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。(我已經(jīng)知道這部電影的內(nèi)容了)。Wehavelivedheresincelastyear.自從去年以來我們就住在這兒。(表示從去年一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作).2）構(gòu)成肯定句"助動詞have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。否定句have/has+not+過去分詞一般疑問句have/has+主語+過去分詞+.....肯定回答是“Yes,主語+have/has.”否定回答是"No,主語+haven't/hasn't.”eg:HehaslivedinNanjingsince2010.自從2010年以來他就住在南京。Ihaven'treadthebookyet.我還沒讀過這本書。Haveyoufinishedtheworkyet?你已經(jīng)做完這項工作了嗎?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.是的,我已經(jīng)做完了。/不,我還沒有做完?！緶y一測】yoursonacamera?No.Heonethissummervacation.A.Has;bought;willbuyB.Did;buy;boughtC.Does;buy;boughtD.Do;buy;willbuy動詞的過去分詞(1)規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法示例a.—般直接在詞尾加edwork—workedopen—openedb.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的詞直接加dlive—livedskate—skatedc.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加edstudy—studiedhurry—hurriedd.以“元音字母+y"結(jié)尾的詞，直接加edplay—playedstay一stayede.以“元音字母+一個輔音字母”結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加edstop—stoppedplan—plannedprefer—preferred(2)不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞需牢記課本上的不規(guī)則動詞表。考點2現(xiàn)在完成時的用法(1)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.多用瞬間動詞。eg:Hehaslosthisbook.他已經(jīng)丟了他的書。(過去丟的,現(xiàn)在還沒找到。)【測一測】MissBrown,wecleaningourclassroom.Canwegohomenow?A.finishB.finishingC.arefinishedD.havefinished(2)表示動作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還要持續(xù)下去,常和for,since連用。表示持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài),多用延續(xù)性動詞。eg:HehastaughtEnglishfor20years.他已經(jīng)教了20年英語了。Wehaveknowneachothersincetenyearsago.我們十年前就互相認(rèn)識了。【測一測】Themovieforabout5minutes,solet'sseethenextone.A.hasbeenonB.hasstartedC.startedD.began重點詞匯、短語1yetadv.還,仍eg:Hehasn'teyet.Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtohim?他還沒有來。你認(rèn)為他發(fā)生了什么事?yet為現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志,用于否定句和疑問句中對應(yīng)詞already意為已經(jīng)"用于肯定句中:eg:Mymotherhasalreadydonethehousework.我媽媽已經(jīng)做完了家務(wù)活。Thetrainhasn'tarrivedyet.火車還沒有到達(dá)?！緶y一測】1WouldyouliketogoandseeAvatarwithmetonight?Thankyouforyourinviting,butIitalready.A.seeB.willseeC.haveseenD.amseeing2Look,thelightisstilloninHelen'soffice.Maybesheherworkyet.A.doesn'tfinishB.won'tfinishC.hasn'tfinishedD.didn'tfinish3Hollyhasfedthedog,butshehasn'twateredtheplants.A.still;alreadyB.already;yetC.yet;stillD.yet;already2recentlyadv.近來,最近為現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志。eg:Peterhasmadeprogressinmathrecently.彼得最近在數(shù)學(xué)方面取得了進步。HaveyouseenMrSmithrecently?你最近看到史密斯先生丁嗎?【測一測】Wehaven'tseeneachother(最近).【拓展】recent形容詞,意為“最近的”.eg:Therehavebeenmanychangesinrecentyears.近幾年發(fā)生了許多變化。(3)對Hehaslivedheresincetenyearsago./Hehaslivedherefortenyears.對這兩個句子中的畫線部分提問應(yīng)用howlong.即Howlonghashelivedhere?他在這里生活多久了?【測一測】haveyoubeeninthesportsclub?SincethefirstmonthIcametotheschool.A.HowoldB.HowlongC.HowmuchD.Howsoon隨堂練習(xí)一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.I(study)inAmericaforoverthreeyears.2.Theyoungman(live)alonesincehegraduatedfromcollege.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatI(see)sofar.4.Hello.CanIspeaktoMissBrown?Sorry,she(fly)toCanadaalready.She'llbebackinaweek.5.Inthepasttwoweeks,theartist(draw)manypicturesabouthishometown.6.I(know)Jimmyforovertwodaysandnowwearegoodfriends.7.Whyarethewindowssodirty?Becausewe(notclean)themforalongtime.8.Myhometownwaspoorinthepast.Butit(change)alotoverthepasttwentyyears.二、單項選擇.9.Dave,wewillleavein10minutes.Areyouready?No,I__ourguidebookandtowelsyet.A.don'tpackB.didn'tpackC.havepackedD.haven'tpacked10.Thesingersmanyconcertsinthecountrysidesince2001.A.holdB.heldC.haveheld11.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?.Justhalfofit.Howaboutyou?A.NotatallB.NotlikelyC.NotabitD.Notyet12.Annisanurseinourhospital.Sheherefortenyears.A.worksB.hasworkedC.workedD.wasworking13.Ourmathteacherinourschoolfor20yearsandheherewhenhewas25yearsold.A.taught;esB.taught;cameC.hastaught;cameD.hastaught;es14.Thecleanersthestreetanditisquitecleannow.A.aresweepingB.willsweepC.havesweptD.sweeps15.YouspeakEnglishsowell.haveyoulearnedEnglish?For5years.A.HowmanyB.HowlongC.HowoftenD.Howfar三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換16.Lilyhasalreadycleanedherroom.(改為否定句)Lilycleanedherroom.17.HehaseverbeentotheUSA.(改為一般疑問句)everbeentotheUSA?18.MrWhilehaslivedherefortenyears.(對畫線部分提問)hasMrWhitelivedhere?單元語法精講一,1.havestudied2.haslived3.haveseen4.hasflown5.hasdrawn6.haveknown7.haven'tcleaned8.haschangedニ,9.D點撥:考查現(xiàn)在完成時的用法。根據(jù)No可知還沒有準(zhǔn)備好,排除C;根據(jù)句意“一一戴夫,我們將在十分鐘后出發(fā)。你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?一沒有,我還.....·我們的旅游指南和毛巾?！笨芍浆F(xiàn)在還沒準(zhǔn)備好,對現(xiàn)在有影響,用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。故選D.10.C點撥:語法判定法。當(dāng)句子的時間狀語為“since+過去的時間點”時,句子用用現(xiàn)在完成時,所以選C.11.D點撥:本題用交際法?？疾榻浑H用語。根據(jù)答語中“只完成了一半”可知,還沒有完成家庭作業(yè),故選D