2021年12月大學英語四六級閱讀題專項練習21

2021年12月英語四六級閱讀題

專項練習1：Christianity

ChristianitybeganlifeasaJewishsect.Farfromattemptingtofind

anewreligion,thefirstChristiansviewedthemselvesasJewsfollowing

theteachingsoftheJewishMessiah.Itwasonlylater,aftermanynon-Jews

converted,thatChristianitybecameareligiondistinctfromJudaism.

AlthoughChristianitysharesmuchwithJudaism,thesetwofaiths

differsignificantlywithrespecttosuchfundamentalissuesasGod'

srelationshipwithhumanity.Thecentralmotifthroughwhichthis

relationshiphasbeenunderstoodinbothtraditionsisthatofacovenant

orcontract.InHebrewscriptures(theoldTestament),Godoffersa

specialrelationshipwithhischosenpeople—theJewsthroughacontract

thatspecifiesthetermsofthisrelationship.Thedetailsofthis

arrangementhavebeenmodifiedandexpandedfromtimetotime,inaseries

ofcovenantswithNoah,Abraham,andMoses.Themostwellknownofthese

contractsisGod'sagreementwithMosesonMt.Sinai,theTen

Commandments5.

IntheChristianunderstandingofcovenanttheology,Godoffers

humanityanewcontract—theNewTestament6-asrevealedintheperson

andteachingofJesus.Unlikepreviouscovenants,thenewcovenantrefers

totheeternalfateofindividualsratherthantotheworldlyfateofthe

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nationofIsrael.Also,ratherthanbeingofferedonlytoJews,the

newcontractisofferedtohumanityasawhole.Individualsalvationand

thequestionofhowthatsalvationcanbeachievedisadominantthemeof

traditionalChristianity.

Salvation,accordingtothistradition,isnecessarybecause

otherwisetheindividualiscondemnedtospendeternityinhell8,aplace

ofeternalpunishment.Bornintosin,thesentenceofeternaldamnation

isthefateofeverypersonunlesssheorheissavedfromthisfateby

being“bornagain“throughfaithinJesusChrist.Allotherdoctrines

arebuiltaroundawarningofcondemnationandaredeemingmessageof

redemption.Asthecoredoctrine,itwouldbenaturalthatargumentsover

soteriology(one'stheoryofredemption)wouldleadtoreligionsschisms.

Disagreementovercompetingnotionsofsalvationledtothesplit

betweenCatholicismandProtestantism.

Giventhestarkcontrastbetweenheavenandhellaseternalabodes

ofthesoul,seriousthinkershavehadtograpplewiththequestion-

Whathappenstopeoplewho,whilenotsaints,neverthelessaregenerally

goodpeoplewhohavenevercommittedanymajorsinsintheirlives?

Reflectiononthisproblemledtothedevelopmentofpurgatory,an

intermediaterealmbetweenheavenandhell.Inpurgatory,soulsare

torturedfortheirsins,butareeventuallyreleasedandallowedtoenter

heaven.

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閱讀自測

TranslateChineseintoEnglish,tolearnmoreabouttheorigina

1sin:Godcreatedtheheavens,earthandallkindsofanimals,including

twomen—AdamandEve.Theycouldeatfromanytree,exceptone,inthe

GardenofEden.（在上帝創(chuàng)造的所有動物之中，毒蛇是最狡詐

的。）“DidGodreallytellyounottoeatfromanyofthetreesinthe

garden?TheserpentaskedEve."Wemayeatthefruitofanytree

（除伊甸園中間那棵樹上的果實之外）.Godhadevensaid,'You

shallnoteatitoreventouchit,otherwiseyoudie.'"Buttheserpenttold

Eve,“Ofcourseyouwillnotdie!Godknowswellthatthemomentyoueat

ofityoureyeswillbeopenedand（你們就會像上帝一樣區(qū)

分出善惡）."Evesawthetreewasgoodforgood,pleasingtotheeyesand

desirableforgainingwisdom.Soshetooksomeofitsfruitandateit.

Thenshealsogavesometoherhusbandwhowaswithher,andheateit,

too.Then,theeyesofbothofthemwereopened,andtheyrealizedthey

werenaked.（于是他們就把樹葉縫在一起，制成衣服。）WhenGod

came,theyhidthemselvesamongthetreesofthegarden."Whereareyou?”

theGodasked."Iheardyouinthegarden;butIamafraid.

（因為我沒有穿衣服，所以我躲了起來。）"answeredAdam.It

wasjustthenGodlearntthattheyhadeatenthefruitofthetreeinthe

middle.GodwasveryangryandbanishedthemfromtheGardenofEden.

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參考答案

OfalltheanimalsthatGodhadmade,theserpentwasthemostcunning,

exceptthefruitofthetreeinthemiddleoftheGardenofEdenyouwill

belikeGodswhoknowwhatisgoodandwhatisbadSotheysewedleaves

togetherandmadeclothesforthemselves.BecauseIwasnaked,Ihidmyself.

參考譯文

基督教

基督教開始的時候只是猶太教的一個分支。最早的基督教徒根本沒想過創(chuàng)辦

新的宗教，他們自視為追隨猶太教彌賽亞的教義的猶太人。只是后來在許多非

猶太人改變信仰之后，基督教才脫離猶太教，自成一體。

盡管基督教與猶太教具有很多共同點，但這兩個宗教在像上帝與人的關(guān)系

等基本問題上差別明顯。在基督教和猶太教這兩種傳統(tǒng)中，理解上帝與人的關(guān)

系需要依賴圣約，或“約書”中的主旨。在希伯來人的經(jīng)典著作《舊約全書》

里，上帝與他的選民------猶太人之間通過約書保持著特殊的關(guān)系，這本約

書詳細說明了這種關(guān)系的條件。這一安排的具體內(nèi)容在一系列與諾亞、亞伯拉

罕和摩西達成的圣約里不時地被更改和擴充。這些約書中最出名的是上帝與摩

西在西奈山上達成的協(xié)議------《十誡》。

基督教徒對圣約神學的理解是，上帝賜給人類一份新約書------《新約全

書》，該約書通過基督本人以及他的教誨得以昭示。不像從前的圣約那樣，《新

約》講述的是個人永恒的命