新高考英語一輪復習練習考向29 閱讀理解之時事熱點(原卷版)

考向29閱讀理解之時事熱點近年來，高考英語閱讀理解題常有時事新聞報道類的文章,其內容與人們的生活息息相關,如戰(zhàn)爭、環(huán)境、人口、能源等?！净A要素】1.新聞六要素：時間、地點、人物、事件的起因、經(jīng)過、結果。2.新聞的結構：標題、導語、主體、背景、結語。標題、導語、主體是消息必不可少的，背景和結語有時則蘊涵在主體里面，有時省略?！菊Z篇特征】1.第一段簡要概述新聞或時事的內容提要,接著再詳述具體內容;2.新聞或消息類文章在開頭通常用大寫字體標明其出處或來源,并用破折號或冒號引出內容提要。【測試角度】1.測試文章的主旨大意或段落大意;2.測試考生對于某個具體信息的理解與把握,即細節(jié)理解;3.測試所讀材料的來源或出處;4.測試考生利用所給信息進行推理的能力。【解題方法】1.速讀短文,特別是開頭的幾句,抓住五個W,即:事件發(fā)生的時間(when)、地點(where)、人物(who)、原因(why)、過程和結果(how),把握新聞的主要內容;2.細讀所給的試題,初選相應的答案;3.細讀短文,并確定相應的答案。4.信息的增加或減少是閱讀理解題中設計干擾項的常見手法,因此,在確定答案時,應特別注意識別。【典例示例】（2021年6月，浙江卷閱讀理解C篇）Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudyResearcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages（圖像）ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogesimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes.”"Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLineScience.Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.28.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan_________.A.distinguishshapesB.makesenseofhumanfacesC.feelhappyorangryD.communicatewitheachother29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.B.Diversemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.C.PicturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferentD.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethelest.30.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.C.AmajorlimitationofthestudyD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.語篇解讀主題語境人與自然---人與動物語篇大意本文是一篇科普類文章，文章主要介紹了一項有關狗的研究，實驗研究表明，狗能夠識別人類的表情是高興還是憤怒。背景知識科學家已經(jīng)證實，鳥類、魚和青蛙等許多動物都存在這種大腦左右半球的情感分工：左半球負責積極的感情和行為，而右半球則相反。人類也不例外，只不過人類的情感要更豐富：愛、依賴、安全感、平靜等是積極的情感，而逃避、恐懼和抑郁等則是消極的情感。由于左右大腦控制的身體部分相反，這種不對稱性也表現(xiàn)在身體相反的一側。比如，鳥類用右眼尋找食物（積極行為），而左眼留心“敵人”（消極行為）；人類的右側面部肌肉用于表達高興，而左側的則反映憂愁。重點單詞distinguish識別，區(qū)分；cuen.暗示:提示;信號；confidently有信心地:自信地；exposure暴露高級短語beontosomething有所發(fā)現(xiàn)；figureout理解:弄明白；apply...to...把......運用于......；ruleout排除;不考慮；baseon以......為根據(jù)；beequippedwith配備著......；裝備著.......長難句分析原文：“Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.分析：本句為主從復合句。appearstobe后面是that引導的表語從句，該表語從句中含有一個which引導的非限定性定語從句。答案與解析：28.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文首段的第二句“Dogsmayinxdeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy”可知，一項新的研究表明,狗可能真地可以辨別人的表情是高興還是憤怒，緊接著后文又詳細介紹了研究過程和結論，即狗能夠識別人的表情，且倒數(shù)第二段的“Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfaciallexpressions”一句明確給出了結論。故選B項。29.C細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theresearchersthentestedthedogs"abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceorimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining”可知，研究者給狗展示了與以往訓練完全不同的人臉(或圖片)的另一部分。故選C項。30.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“...whydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhurmans”可知最后一段解釋了為什么看起來狗具備識別人類表情的能力，也就是為什么會有這樣的實驗研究結論。故選B項?！局R拓展】英語新聞報道的文體特點

新聞的首要職能是報道新聞時事。通常人們所說的新聞英語(JournalisticEnglish,NewsEnglish)主要是指新聞報道文章中所使用的英語,是具有新聞特性、適合新聞報道要求、適應新聞信息傳播需要的語言。侯維瑞認為,新聞報道的職能是傳播信息,即迅速及時地報道時事新聞,以最快的速度正確地報道國內外發(fā)生的重大事件。真實性、客觀性和及時性是新聞報道的要則。反映在文體風格方面,新聞英語必須正確、簡潔、明了,在有限的撰稿時間和刊登篇幅內取得言簡意賅的效果。新聞英語因其自身的特點和傳播功能,詞匯、時態(tài)、語態(tài)及修辭等的運用都有其自成一家的特點。1.新聞英語的詞匯特點

新聞英語作為信息傳播媒介,需將信息濃縮于一個有限的空間(版面),其目的是便于讀者抓住主要內容。因此,新聞英語詞匯的特殊性表現(xiàn)在:詞匯簡單而具體,行文流暢而不會佶屈聱牙。新聞英語常常通過使用大寫字體、戲劇性標題、簡短的段落、簡潔的句子來增強新聞的趣味性。此外,新聞英語還是新詞的滋生地,一些新詞往往是經(jīng)過媒體的普及而逐步為公眾所接受。

頻繁使用新詞。文字是現(xiàn)實生活的反映,而現(xiàn)實生活總是在日新月異地變化。因此,在新聞英語中,時常會出現(xiàn)一些在原有意義上延伸出新義的詞,且已經(jīng)成為頗有特色的詞匯。隨著這些詞的廣泛運用,它們也逐步滲透到日常生活用語之中。例如:

Therapid-growingdeathtollofAIDSvictimshasposedawidespreadpanicacrosstheStatesfromgaybarsinthewestcostofCaliforniatotheFunCity'sred-lightdistricts.艾滋病患者死亡人數(shù)激增造成普遍恐慌。恐慌波及全國,從西海岸加州的同性戀酒吧到逍遙城紐約的紅燈區(qū)。

gay的原義為“快樂的”,但在新聞報道中已轉義為“同性戀的”。此處的“gaybars”為“同性戀酒吧”而不是“快樂酒吧”。

除延伸出新義之外,新詞還可以通過加上前后綴的方式構成。其中較為常見的前綴有anti-、auto-、electro-、inter-、intra-、non-等。用派生法構成的新詞一方面可以補足原有英語詞匯中缺少的詞義,另一方面又能使文筆簡練有力。

隨著人類思維的進步和科技的飛速發(fā)展,根據(jù)資料統(tǒng)計,英語中每年會出現(xiàn)1500個左右新詞。而這些新詞首次亮相的舞臺往往是報紙、雜志等新聞媒體。不少語言學家認為,現(xiàn)代英語詞匯的變化在很大程度上是與新聞語言的影響有關。不少新詞經(jīng)新聞媒體登場后,被人仿效,逐漸得以普及,為公眾所接受。

廣泛使用短詞及縮略語。由于新聞欄目篇幅狹窄,出于排版的需要和對聽眾和觀眾的理解速度和能力的考慮,記者和編輯喜歡使用字型短小的單音節(jié)詞和縮略詞以節(jié)省刊頭空間。美國新聞學家麥克道格爾在其《解釋性報道》一書中提出要多用簡單詞。他認為,在表示同一個意思時about比withreferenceto好、although比despitethefactthat好。在新聞寫作中,很少有人會把do說成effectuate、把end寫作terminate;他們寧愿用ban而不用prohibition、用today來代替inthisdayandage。

再者,新聞報道受到時間和傳遞量的限制,不得不在寫作上力求簡明扼要,用字精練通俗,句法一目了然。使用詞義寬泛、形體短小的詞不僅可以美化版面,而且可使文字簡練。路國強先生將英語縮略詞分為兩種。

一種為縮略詞(acronyms),由一詞組中的各主要詞的第一字母縮合而成。例如:BL'Sfamilycars,theItalandAllegro,areconsideredbymanymotoriststobeunreliableandold-fashionedinstyling,accordingtoasurveypublishedyesterday.據(jù)昨天公布的一項調查,許多駕駛汽車的人認為:英國利蘭汽車公司的家庭汽車——一伊大爾牌和阿勒格羅牌性能不可靠而且款式陳舊。(句中BL'S是BritishLeyland's的縮寫詞)。

另一種為縮短詞(shortenedwords),即通過截短法(clipping)或縮短法(shortening)構成的詞。如:brunch(breakfast+lunch)早午餐;telecast(television+broadcast)廣播電視。一則交通事故報道說:Moreandmoretrafficexpertssuspectthat“autocide”isanimportantcauseoftrafficdeaths.(Time,Jan.21,1997)這里的autocide是automobilesuicide的節(jié)縮詞。

由此可見,新聞語言應使用簡潔通俗的大眾化語言。

借用各類詞匯。新聞英語的一大特點是常借用地名、人名、物名等專有名詞來表示某一個意思。如WhiteHouse指美國政府,JamesBond(影片《007》中的超級間諜)被用來指無往不勝的諜報人員或其他類型的智慧人物?！禜ighNoon》是20世紀60年代流行于美國的西部影片,現(xiàn)在象征毀滅性遭遇,也可用來比喻人們對罪惡現(xiàn)象的責任感。brainbust原為由高級專家和大學教授組成的幫助富蘭克林·羅斯福總統(tǒng)制定新政的智囊團,現(xiàn)指各種部門特聘的參與決策的智囊人物,有時也指才華出眾的學生。

除此之外,在新聞標題和緊接著的新聞內容里,常常使用或借用形象的詞匯、日常用語以及口語、俚語等,以增加新聞報道的形象性、親切感和吸引力。例如:

TheSecondWorldWarwasanotherhugeVolkermanderung,itwasaccompaniedbyavastdislocationofpeople.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)又是一次大規(guī)模的“民族遷移”,隨之而來的是千千萬萬人的流離失所。Volkermanderung是德語,意為“民族遷移”。2.新聞英語的語法特點

用一般現(xiàn)在時表達過去發(fā)生的事情。通常情況下,新聞報道所報道的消息多為已發(fā)生的事實,按照英語語法,動詞應使用過去時。但新聞是新近發(fā)生的事實,為增強新聞報道的新鮮感(freshness)、現(xiàn)實感(reality)和直接感(immediacy),在新聞報道中一般不用過去時、過去完成時等,而采用現(xiàn)在時態(tài),從形式上可以使讀者在閱讀時如置身于新聞事件之中。例如:CarterPicksNewEnvoytoMexico卡特選出派往墨西哥的新特使。

用不定式表達將來發(fā)生的事情。英文新聞標題中表示將來時的形式除一般將來時“will+動詞原形”外,更多的還是采用“聯(lián)系動詞be+動詞不定式”結構,其中聯(lián)系動詞be通常省略,以節(jié)省標題字數(shù)。例如:PopetoVisitJapaninFebruary=PopeistovisitJapaninFebruary教皇擬于二月訪日。

用現(xiàn)在分詞表達正在進行的動作或正在發(fā)生的事態(tài)。對于正在發(fā)生的事態(tài)或動作,英文新聞標題按正常英語語法規(guī)則處理,采用現(xiàn)在進行時“be+現(xiàn)在分詞”的形式,但“be”通常省略。因此,現(xiàn)在分詞便在新聞標題中直接表示正在進行的動作或正在發(fā)展的事態(tài)。例如:BillGatesWorkingonaNewBook=BillGatesisworkingonanewbook比爾·蓋茨撰寫新書科技先鋒展望未來。3.新聞英語的句法特點

時態(tài)呼應靈活。新聞報道中動詞時態(tài)簡化,有時不受時態(tài)應保持一致或呼應的語法規(guī)定,有較大的靈活性。例如:

ButCartertoldreporters,theUnitedStateswillcontinuetherestraintsitimposedonIranwhenthehostagesweretaken150daysago……Hemadeitclear,however,thatthefreezingofIranianassetsandmonitoringofIranianstudentsinthiscountrywouldcontinue.Wewillcontinuetomonitorthesituationveryclosely,“Cartersaid”.

句中既有按傳統(tǒng)語法規(guī)則呼應的“made……wouldcontinue”,也有從實際出發(fā)靈活運用的“told……willcontinue”。

句式多樣彈性化。新聞英語中的句式富于變化。在新聞報道中有倒裝句、省略句,有借助副詞、動詞變化的句式。例如:

SaysDaryReadingofGowrie:“Itmakesyoumad,Wearegoodatwhatwedo,butwestillcan'tmakealiving.”

高瑞的達里·雷丁說:“這使你發(fā)瘋。我們有本領干好我們的工作,但仍不能謀生?！?/p>

句中的謂語says位于句首,這種句式是新聞報道文章所特有的。

被動語態(tài)的使用。當讀者在廣泛接觸英語新聞之后,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)新聞標題使用主動語態(tài)的頻率遠遠超過被動語態(tài)。這是因為從修辭學角度而言,主動語態(tài)比被動語態(tài)更加生動且富有感染力,所表達的意義更為直接,或更具有說服力,使讀者感到真實可信,讀來朗朗上口。但新聞報道中有時動作的接受者往往是讀者關心的中心,比如有關災難、戰(zhàn)爭、事故、騷亂等報道中,讀者更關心的是傷亡人員與人數(shù)。因此,新聞英語有時為突出動作的承受者通常采用被動語態(tài),目的在于抓住讀者的注意力。我們來看下面的例子:

A:“500ReportedKilledinS.KoreanBuildingCollapse”

B:“Buildingcollapseclaims500livesinS.Korea”

這是一則報道韓國某百貨大樓倒塌致使500人喪生的一條新聞。作為新聞報道,A或B兩條標題都起到了提示與濃縮內容的作用。但在報道中死亡人數(shù)是該新聞一個非常重要的內容。前句為被動語態(tài),以數(shù)詞開始,突出了死亡人數(shù),使它處于醒目的位置,起到了吸引讀者的作用,從而激發(fā)起讀者的閱讀興趣和欲望,以探究其事故緣由。

講究修辭效果。新聞除了注重事實真實、表達清晰外,還講究語言的美感和韻味。因此,常常借助于比喻、夸張、雙關語、成語、押韻等修辭手法來增加新聞的可讀性和吸引力。例如:

AllWork,LowPlayMakeNursesGoAway工作辛苦,工資低廉,許多護士離職而去。(此句源自成語“AllworkandnoplaymakeJohnadullboy”。)

DareDevilwhodared膽大包天的人(通過押頭韻和使用疊詞來增加語言的節(jié)奏感,起到強調作用)。

AretheDemocratDinosaurs?民主黨成了恐龍嗎?

這一標題運用比喻手法,把民主黨比作恐龍(一種生活在中生代時期龐大的食肉或食草爬行類動物,現(xiàn)已絕種),寓意深刻。此文章寫于共和黨總統(tǒng)候選人羅納德·里根在1980年獲選總統(tǒng)之后,諷刺民主黨在富蘭克林·羅斯福和約翰·肯尼迪總統(tǒng)的光榮歷史之后,氣勢變得十分微弱,令人可憐。

Wherethere'ssmoke,there'scash(TheEconomist,1996)有煙才有錢

這一標題中運用了模仿(parody)的修辭手法,套用了英語諺語“Wherethere'sreek,there'sheat”(無風不起浪,有果必有因),借以諷刺美國的利益集團政治。香煙在美國幾乎人人喊打,卻總打不倒,因為政客們需要煙草商們的政治捐款,而后又利用手中的權力照顧煙草商們的利益?！緳z測訓練】1TheEuropeancommissionhasunveileda"digitalgreencertificate"thatcouldallowEUcitizenswhohavebeenvaccinated,testednegativeorrecoveredfromCovid-19totravelmorefreelythissummer.TheplanwouldalsoallowsouthernstatessuchasSpain,GreeceandPortugal,whoseeconomiesaremostreliantontourism,tomakebilateralarrangementswithnon-EUmembers–includingBritain–providingthedealsareapprovedbythecommission."Weaimtohelpmemberstatesreinstatethefreedomofmovementinasafe,responsibleandtrustedmanner,”theEuropeancommissionpresident,UrsulavonderLeyen,saidastheschemewasunveiledonWednesday,whichwasactivelypromotedbysouthernEuropeanholidaydestinationswhoseeconomieshavebeendevastatedbythepandemic.Thedigitaldocument,containingaQRcodeandcarriedonamobilephone,hasdeliberatelynotbeencalleda"vaccinepassport"becausesomememberstatesfeltthatwoulddiscriminateagainstthosewhohadnotyetbeenofferedashot.Thecertificateis"notapassport...butadocumentthatwilldescribethemedicalsituationoftheindividualswhoholdit",thecommissionspokesman,EricMamer,said.Thecertificate,shouldmeantravellerswillnotneedtoquarantine(檢疫,隔離)wouldbeavailabletoallcitizenswhocanprovideevidencethattheyhaveeitherbeenvaccinatedagainstCovid-19,haverecentlytestednegative,orhaveacquiredantibodiesafterrecoveringfromthevirus.TheEUaimstovaccinatethree-quartersofitsadultpopulationbytheendofsummerandofficialsremainhopefulthatifnationaldeliveryspeedsup,manyrestrictionscouldbeliftedintimefortheholidays.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reinstate”inparagraph2referto?A.Recover. B.Contain.C.Adopt. D.Desire.2.WhydidsouthernEuropeanholidaydestinationsstronglysupporttheplan?A.Becausetheireconomieshardlydependontourism.B.Becausetravellerswillnotneedtoquarantineinanycountry.C.Becausetheyhopetopromoteeconomicrecovery.D.BecausetheEuropeancommissionhasunveiledthescheme.3.Whocangeta“digitalgreencertificate”accordingtothecommission?A.AnyEUcitizen. B.Acitizenvaccinated.C.ABritish. D.Acitizenobtainingantibodies.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheEU’snewschemeB.AnewwaytoresistpandemicC.DigitalgreencertificatesfortravellingmorefreelyD.Digitalgreencertificatesforvaccinatedcitizens2AsmilingpandaandawalkingChineselanternwillbethemascotsofthe2022WinterOlympicsandParalympics(殘奧會）inBeijing.ThemascotswereknowntothepubliconSept.17,2019ataceremonyinBeijing.BeijingMayorChenJiningdescribedthemasadorable,unique,andexquisite(精致的）。HesaidtheyshowsChinesepeople’slongingforthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicsinavisuallyappealingwayandextendsChinesepeople’swarminvitationtofriendsthroughouttheworld.Thepanda,namedBingDwenDwen,istheOlympicmascot.Colourfulcirclesarounditsfacesymbolizeskatingtracksand5Gtechnology,accordingtothewebsiteoftheBeijingorganizingcommittee.Bing,theChinesewordfor“ice“,showspurityandstrength,whileDwenDwenmeanssincerity,liveliness,andhealth,thewebsitesaid.Thechoiceoftheiconicanimal,consideredthenationaltreasure,isnotasurprisetopeopleinChina.WhilemanyapplaudBingDwenDwenforitscutenessonsocialmedia,somearenotfavourablyimpressedbythelackofcreativityinchoosingapanda.Thegiantpandawasoneofthefivemascotsofthe2008BeijingSummerOlympics,anditwasalsothesymbolfortheAsianGamesinBeijingin1990.“TodayisanimportantsteponamilestoneinBeijing’sjourneytomakehistoryasthefirstever,inOlympichistory,tohostbothsummerandwintereditionsoftheOlympicGames,InternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)presidentThomasBachsaidattheceremony.Basedonatraditionalredlantern,ParalympicmascotShueyRhonRhoncreatesacheerfulatmosphereoftheChineseLunarNewYear,whichwillfallaroundthetimeoftheWinterGames,theorganizingcommitteesaid.Itissporting(穿戴）ayellowscarf,acircleofyellowdovesarounditshead,andatraditionalChinesepaper-cut.“Shuey“meanssnowinChineseand“RhonRhon”means“inclusiveness”and“harmonization”,implyingthattheworldcivilizationscommunicatewitheachotherandliveinharmony,thecommitteesaid.Thetwomascotswereselectedfrommorethan5800submissionfrom35countries.5.WhatdoesChenJiningthinkofBingDwenDwenandShueyRhonRhon?A.TheyrepresenttheIOC.B.Theyhavegreatartisticvalue.C.TheyshowChinesepeople’shospitality.D.Theyhavemuchroomforimprovement.6.WhyaresomepeoplenotsatisfiedwithchoosingBingDwenDwen?A.Becausepandasarethenationaltreasure.B.BecauseitistoocolourfulfortheOlympics.C.Becauseitsdesignislackingincreativity.D.Becauseapandahasbeenchosenasamascotthreetimes.7.WhatrecordwillBeijingsetafterhostingthe2022WinterOlympics?A.Themostathletesjoiningintheevent.B.ThefirstAsiancitytohosttheOlympics.C.ThefirstcitytohosttwoeditionsoftheOlympics.D.Thelongesttimeinhistory.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutShueyRhonRhonfromthetext?A.ItissymbolofChineseculture.B.Itisdesignedbyaforeignartist.C.ItisarepresentativeofcompetitionD.Itisamixtureof35differentcultures.3You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來源）ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.9.WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin. B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste. D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.10.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.11.Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?A.Calming. B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.12.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB.MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures4Oneafteranothertelecommunicationsgiantshaveannouncedtheirlatestfifthgeneration(5G)products.Theyhavealsoclaimedthat5Gtechnologywouldbeusedonamassivescaleby2020.Yet,whenreportingabout5G,manydomesticmediahavedescribeditasa"muchfaster"technologythan4Gwithoutmentioninganyofitsotheradvantages.Asaresult.thecommonpublicviewabout5Gisthattheycould"downloadaHDmoviewithinonesecond".Beyondthat,mostpeopleknownothingabout5G.Actually,5Gtechnologyhasmanymoreadvantagesthan4Gapartfromspeed.Accordingtothecriteriaof3GPP,aninternationalstandardizationorganization,5Gtechnologycanbeusedforatleastthreepurposes—connectingeverything,reliabilityofconnections,andeliminatingdelays.“Connectingeverything”isanappropriatesloganfor5Gtechnology,withoutwhichtheInternetofThingswouldbeimpossible.5Gwouldenableoneservertoconnecttomultipleterminals,andthusestablishhigh-speedcoordinationamongthem,andhelpthechipsinsidetheterminalstimelyreacttomeetpeople’sneeds.Takeautonomousvehiclesforexample,theyarematuretechnologyproducts.Self-drivingcarscombineavarietyofsensors,suchasradar,computervision,andGPStoidentifynavigationpathsandobstacles.5Gtechnologywilllinkalltheelementsofatransportationsystem,suchastrafficlights,camerasand,ofcourse,carstoestablishperfectcoordinationsotheycanavoidobstaclesandmoveonnavigationpaths,whichwillhelpstrengthenself-drivingtechnology.Reliabilityofconnectionsisanotheressentialcharacteristicof5Gtechnology,whoseusecanbeextendedtootherfieldswherehighsafetystandardsarerequired.Forinstance,incertainsurgeries,surgeonsinsertnano-robotsinsideapatient’sbodyandhavetomaintainconstantcontrolovertherobotstoensuretheyperformtheirfunctionsanddonotcauseanyharmtothepatient.Thisisatechnologythatcanbeofgreathelp,asitcanestablishreliableandcontinuousconnectionsbetweenthemonitorandthenano-robots.13.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasanexampleof"connectingeverything"?A.Improvementofsmartphonesignals. B.Decreaseintelecommunicationcost.C.Highspeedinplayingcomputergames. D.Onlinetestsforallmembersatthesametime.14.Whycan5Gbeusedinthefieldswithhighsafetystandards?A.Itcanattractmosteyeballsonamassivescale.B.Itcanprovidedependableandconstantservice.C.Itoffersmassivemachinetypesofcommunication.D.Itemploys4Gbasestationsandoccupieslessspace.15.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussinthefollowingparagraph?A.Eliminatingdelays. B.5GnetworkcapacityC.Disadvantagesof5G D.Building5Gbasestations16.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.5GTechnology:MorethanaboutHighSpeedB.5GTechnologyWillShapetheFutureofConnectivityC.TelecomGiantsWorkTogethertoBetter5GTechnologyD.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesof5GTechnologyandProducts5Astudyshowsthatthemoreeco-consciouswaytoshopisgoingtoaphysicalstoreratherthanbymakingpurchasesonlinefromcompaniesthatdon'thavephysicalstores.Researchersestimatedthatshoppingatphysicalstoresforfrequentlyboughtitemssuchastoiletpaper,shampooandtoothpaste,oftenresultsinlessgreenhousegasemissionsthanorderingtheproductsfromacompanythatonlysellsthroughtheInternet.Themainreasonisbecauseofhowpeopleshoponline：Manybuyitemsonlinefrequently—buttheyonlybuyafewitemsperpurchase.Frequentonlinepurchasesproducemorepackagingwaste,andonlineitemstendtocomefromdifferentdistributioncenters.Bothfactorsresultinhighergreenhousegasemissionsperitem.Theteammodeledtheirresearchonthemovementofgoodsfromthefactoryallthewaythroughtotheendconsumer.Theyanalyzedthecarbonfootprintofthe"lastmiledelivery"forthethreemostpopulartypesofshoppingchannelsintheUnitedKingdom—physicalstores,"brick&clicks"(whenpeopleorderonlineandaphysicalstoredeliverstheitemstothem),and"pureplayers”(strictlyonlinesellers).Includedinthethreemodelsweregreenhousegasemissionsestimatesfromthenumberofproductsbought,transportation,warehousestorage,deliveryandpackagingactivities.Theanalysisshowedthattotalgreenhousegasfootprintsperitempurchasedwerehigherfromphysicalstoresthanthosefrombricks&clickspurchasesin63%oftheshoppingeventsbutlowerthanthoseofpureplayersin81%ofshoppingeventsintheUnitedKingdom.IntheUnitedStates,greenhousegasemissionsfromshoppingatphysicalstoreswerealsoestimatedtobehigherthanfromthebrick&clickchannel,andlowerthanthepureplaychannel,onaverage.Thispatternholdstrueincountrieswherepeoplemostlydrive.Itreallydependsonthecountryandconsumerbehaviorthere.17.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Topersuadethereaders. B.Toshowtheresearchconclusion.C.Tocomparetwoshoppingways. D.Tostatethereasonforthisstudy.18.Whichisoneofthedisadvantagesoffrequentonlineshopping?A.Itisnotconvenient. B.Itisawasteofmoney.C.Itcausespackagingwaste. D.Itresultsinairpollution.19.Howisthisresearchconducted?A.Bymakingcomparison. B.Bydoingexperiments.C.Bygivinganexplanation. D.Bymakingasurvey.20.Whichwayofshoppingmighttheauthoradvocate?A.Shoppingbycar. B.Buyinginphysicalstores.C.Dealingwith“pureplayers". D.Purchasingfrom"brick&click.6Itlookedjustlikeanotheraircraftfromtheoutside.Thepilottoldhisyoungpassengersthatitwasbuiltin1964,aBoeingKC-135refuellingtanker,basedonthe707.Butappearancesweredeceptive,andthe13studentsfromEuropeandUSAwhoboardedtheaircraftwereinfortheflightoftheirlives.For12months,sciencestudentsfromacrossthecontinentshadcompetedtowinaplaceontheflightattheinvitationoftheEuropeanSpaceAgency.Thechallengehadbeentosuggestimaginativeexperimentstobeconductedinweightlessconditions.ForthenexttwohourstheBoeingsflightresembledthatofanenormousbirdwhichhadlostitsreason,shootingupwardstowardstheheavensbeforemovingdowntowardsEarth.Theintentionwastoachieveweightlessnessforafewseconds.Theaircrafttookoffsmoothlyenough,butanyfeelingsthatIandtheyoungscientistshadthatwewereonanythinglikeascheduledpassengerservicewerequicklydismissedwhenthepilotputtheplaneintoa45-degreeclimbwhichlastedaround20seconds.Thentheenginescutoutandwebecameweightless.Everythingbecameconfused,andleftorright,upordownnolongerhadanymeaning.Aftertensecondsoffree-falldescent(下降)thepilotpulledaircraftoutofitsnosedive.Thereturnofgravitywaslessimmediatethanitsloss,butitwasstillsuddenenoughtoensurethatsomestudentscamedownwithabump.Eachtimethepilotcuttheenginesandwebecameweightless,anewteamconducteditsexperiment.FirstitwastheDutch,whowantedtodiscoverwhycatsalwayslandontheirfeet.ThenitwastheGermanteam,whoconductedasuccessfulexperimentonatraditionalbuildingmethodtoseeifitcouldbeusedforbuildingafuturespacestation.TheAmericanshadanideatocreatesolarsailsthatcouldbeusedbysatellites.Aftertwohoursofgoingupanddownintheplanedoingexperiments,thedominantfeelingwasoneofexcitementratherthansickness.Mostofthestudentsthoughtitwasanunforgettableexperienceandonethatwouldbekeentorepeat.21.Whatdidthepilotdowiththeplane?A.Heclimbedandthenmadetheplanefallslowly.B.Heclimbedandthenmadetheplaneturnover.C.Hequicklyclimbedandthenstoppedtheengines.D.Hetookoffnormallyandthencuttheenginesfor20seconds.22.Whatwasthepointofbeingweightless?A.Toshowthejudgesofthecompetitionwhattheycoulddo.B.Topreparetheyoungscientistsforfutureworkinspace.C.Toseewhatconditionsarelikeinspace.D.Toallowtheteamstotryouttheirideas.23.Thepronoun“it”(inthelastparagraph)refersto________.A.theexcitement B.thetripC.theopportunity D.theplane24.Thepassageisintendedto________.A.reportonanewscientifictechniqueB.encourageyoungpeopletotakescienceC.showscientistswhatyoungpeoplecandoD.describetheoutcomeofascientificcompetition7CitiessuchasNewYork,Washington,BostonandSanFranciscohavelaunchedbike-shareprogramstoeasetrafficjam,improvepublichealth,andcutcarbonemissions(排放).Cyclistsinthosecitiestendtochoosebike-sharingtomaketheirtripstoofficeorhomefaster,cheaper,andmorefun.Lastyear,U.S.bike-shareriderscompletednearly46milliontrips—morethantwiceasmanytripsfromthepreviousyear.Yetdespitetheseprograms’advantagesandpopularity,therearestillhugechallenges.Take,forinstance,thedistribution