英國文學課件之格列佛游記中的諷刺手法

TypicalfeatureofGulliver’sTravels

——SatireContents1.Backgroundinformation2.TheanalysisofsatireinGulliver’sTravels2.1Thedefinitionofsatire

2.2SatireusedinGulliver'sTravels

2.2.1．Satireofpolitics.

2.2.2.Satireofhumannature.3.CommentonthesatireofGulliver’sTravels

O(∩_∩)O~1.Backgroundinformation:JonathanSwiftwrotethemasterpiecein1726.TheperiodofwritingGulliver’sTravelswasatimeofgreatchangeinBritainandtherestofEurope.TheeighteenthcenturysawtheoutbreakofIndustrialRevolution.Thefactoriesbegantousemachinesandalargepopulationcrowdedintocities,startingthetimesofurbanization,acertainproductofmodernization.Atthistime,Britainexistedtwomajorparties－theWhigs（輝格黨）andtheTories（托利黨）,representingtheinterestsofnobility(貴族）andfinancialcapitalist（資本家）respectively,theytookpowerbyturns.Thepowerstrugglebetweenthetwopartiesbecamefierce.Wheneveronepartywasinfavorwiththereigningkingandinpowerintheparliament（議會）,itattackedtheotherparty,exilingandimprisoningtheopposition.Thevictimswerealwaysthepeopleunderitsgoverning.

TorevealthecrueltyoftheEnglishrulingclass,SwiftcalledontheIrishpeopletoresisttheoppressionandbecameanadvocatorfortheindependenceofIreland.IntheperiodwhenhewascloselylinkedwiththeIrishpeopleandfirmlysupportedtheirstruggleforindependenceandfreedom,hewrotehismasterpieceGulliver’sTravelswhichwasareflectionofthewidersocial,politicalandethicalordersofEngland.2.TheanalysisofsatireinGulliver’sTravels2.1ThedefinitionofsatireWhentalkingaboutsatire,thefamousChinesewriterLuXunoncesaidthatsatireshouldberealistic;satireshouldnotonlyexposethehideous,butalsogivedirection;andinsatire,thereshouldn'tbeunreasonableexaggeration.AllthesecanclearlybeseeninGulliver'sTravels.Satireistheuseofhumor,irony,exaggeration,orridiculestoexposeandcriticizepeople'sstupidityorvices,particularlyinthecontextofcontemporarypoliticsandothertopicalissues.Satirespreadsliketheshakingwavefromanexplosion,fromlocalviciousnesstoworldwideinhumanity,fromtheLilliputian（小人國）targettothecentersofpowerthroughoutEurope.Gulliver‘sbitternesspointsforwardtohislaterimmersioninmisanthropy（憤世嫉俗）.2.2SatireusedinGulliver'sTravels2.2.1．Satireofpolitics.WhenSwiftstartedwritingGulliver'sTravelsin1726,hehasbeeninpoliticalworkformanyyears.YearsofpoliticalcareerlethimknowthecorruptionofBritishgovernment,alsoaccumulatedalotofmaterialforhiscreation.Gulliver'sTravelscanbeseenasasatiricalepicofpolitics.Inthenovel,Swiftusedirony,exaggeration,contrastandallusiontosatirizethepoliticalsituationofBritishandalsosetsforthhisownpoliticalideals,sothenovelcomprehensivelyreflectedSwift'sthinking.

InLilliputandLaputa，Swiftusedallusionasthemainapproachtouseironytosatirizethecurrentsituation,hesatirizedthecorruptionandtheunrealisticscientificresearch.WhileinBrobdingnag（大人國）andHouyhnhnm（慧骃國）,Gullivermainlyplayedtheroleofthedefence,andexpressedwithcriticismtowardsBritishoreventhewholeEuropebythemouthofthekingofBrobdingnagandtheHouyhnhnms.Atthesametime,SwiftbroughtouthisownpoliticalidealsinGulliver‘sTravels.Heusedalargeamountofcontrastandexaggerationascomplementarymethods,thepurposeistoprovethat:AlthoughthepoliticalsystemofBrobdingnagandtheHouyhnhnmisdifferent,it’swhattheauthorpursuedandadmired.Theyarethepoliticalutopia（烏托邦）whichSwiftpainstakinglyconstructed.contrast1.HighHeeledPartyLowHeeledParty

2.ThewarbetweenLilliput（小人國）andneighbor

3.IntroduceaboutLaputan

（飛島國）residentsillusoryresearch4.InHouyhnhnms（慧骃國）peopleareintheupsidedownworld.1.theWhigs（輝格黨）theTories（托利黨）

2.Hundredyear’swarbetweenFranceandEngland3.Doubtaboutsciencetechnology4.Shamandvanityinthecapitalistsociety2.2.2.Satireofhumannature

TheauthoralsostatedthesurveyandthinkingofhumannatureinGulliver‘sTravels.Asanarrator,Gulliver’sstatushasalwaysbeenchanging,whichhasledtothechangeoftheperspective,itwillhelpGullivertoobservethehumannaturemorecomprehensively.Thesatireofhumannatureinthenovelismanifestedinthefollowingaspects:First,fromBrobdingnag（大人國）toLilliput（小人國）一一toperspective;Second,seehumaninsignificancethroughthechangeoftosurveyhumanevilfromtheperspectiveofvaluingtheancientandneglectingthemoderntimes;Third,Struldbrug一一（虛構(gòu)的永不死亡的人）towitnessthebreakingofthedreamsaboutlivingforalonglife;Fourth,Yahootheultimateironyofhumannature.

Swift'sdepictionaboutYahoohasarouseddissatisfactionoftheresearchers,manypeoplethinkthathetiredofmankind.Infact,hedidnotcomplimentorpraisemankind,butthereisNotonlydidSwiftusesatire,irony,butalsousedinnuendotosatireandcriticizethecontemporarycorruption,folly,andviceofEnglishsociety.ItissoobviousthatKingGeorgeisparticularlythroughoutGulliver'sTravels.TheEmperorofLilliputisaparadigmofadespoticKing,butthecharacteralsospecificallyreflectsonGeorgeI.alsonohatredanddenigrateinhiswriting.FromhispositiveattitudeinBritishandIrishsocialaffairswecanseehisconcernswithhisfellowmen.Hisworksonlyexpressedhisdisappointment,whichanybodymayhave.3.CommentonthesatireofGulliver’sTravels

InGulliver'sTravels,beingputagainstthesatirizedreality,theauthor'sidealsocietycanclearlybeseen.Swiftisbothpracticalandromantic.Byrightofhisoutstandingimaginationandsatiricalskills,hesuccessfullycreat