考研基礎(chǔ)語法概要

考研英語(二)基礎(chǔ)語法知識李紋編一、動詞動詞是整個句子的centre（中心）。 謂語centre非謂語（指不是謂語的動詞）英語中動詞一般都是在中間，源在前對象在后是主動；源在后對象在前是被動。漢語的排列方式比英語的排列方式要多很多，兩者排列方式或語法是不一樣的，所以漢語比英語要復(fù)雜得多。另英語在被動語態(tài)中的bysb.可被省略。如:他 打 人。 人被他打。n. v. n. n. n. v.他把人打了。n.

n.

v.打人了！(中文?？墒÷灾髡Z)v.n.例:1)

He

is

hitting

a

girl.The

girl

was

hit

by

him.Please

don"t

hit

the

girl.There

is

an

apple

on

the

desk.The

bed

has

been

handed

down

in

the

family.If

you

happen

to

come

across

my

lost

paperswhile

you"re

looking

for

your

book,

please

letme

know

at

once

by

telephone.The

inconvenient

truth

is

that

if

we

don"tsolve

the

engineering

problem,we"re

helpless.一般英語進行的常見完成時態(tài)完成進行現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進行時過去一般過去時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成進行時將來一般將來時將來進行時將來完成時過去將來過去將來時語態(tài)時態(tài)主動被動一般現(xiàn)在時v.

/v.sam

/is

/are

+

Vp.p一般過去時vedwas

/

were

+

Vp.p一般將來時will

+

v.will

be

+

Vp.p過去將來時would

+

v.would

be

+

Vp.p過去完成時had

+

Vp.phad

been

+

Vp.p現(xiàn)在完成時have

/has

+

Vp.phave

/has

been

+

Vp.p將來完成時will

have

+

Vp.pwill

have

been

+

Vp.p現(xiàn)在進行時am

/is

/

are

+

Vingam

/is

/are

+

being

+

Vp.p過去進行時was

/were

+

Vingwas

/were

+

being

+

Vp.p動詞時態(tài)介紹二、定語前置定語+名詞（或代詞）+后置定語前置定語有:形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，動名詞，動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，動詞的過去分詞后置定語有:以a-開頭的形容詞，介詞短語，形容詞短語，動詞不定式短語，動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞短語，動詞的過去分詞短語，定語從句例:1）a

language

difficult

to

master

2）a

leaning

tower

about

180

feet

high3）a

man

alive4）the

first

beautiful

large

long

new

redChinese

concrete

bridgeDo

you

know

the

man

talking

with

a black

there?There

will

be

many

people

to

help

you.Have

you

read

the

book

written

by

Jules?The

teacher

criticized

the

student who

had

broken

the

window.分類三說明、句子的分類例句簡單句由一個主語或并列主語和一個謂語或并列謂語構(gòu)成的句子。即一套主謂關(guān)系。Tom

and

I

found

her

there.We

all

breathe,

eat

and

work.并列句由并列連詞（and,so,but,or等）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。He

likes

eggs,

but

he

doesn’tlike

chickens.Work

hard

or

you

will

fallbehind.復(fù)合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子I

believe

you

are

right.If

you

study

harder,

you

willpass

the

exam.句型種類簡單句的主語五種謂語部分謂基語本動詞句型表語賓語補語S+Vi(主+謂)Patarrived.S+Vt+O(主+謂+賓)Sheplaysthe

piano.S+Link.V+C(主+系+表)Theyare(系動詞)heroes.S+Vt+InO+DO(主+謂+雙賓)Iofferedhim

5

dollars.(人間物直)S+Vt+O+Oc(主+謂+復(fù)合賓語)Annmademecry.簡單句一主一謂；Success

comes

out

of

various

factors.多主一謂；Persistence,

luck,

opportunity

and

directionplay

the

equally

vital

role

in

success.The

realization

of

dream

and

the

presentationof

value

are

what

working

can

offer

us.一主多謂；Museums

have

been

recording

the

history,transmitting

the

culture,

educating

peopleand

entertaining

the

public.并列句由并列詞將兩個簡單句并列起來。連接詞如:and/but/or/so/for/when/while/then/still/notonly...butalso/yet/either…or/neither...nor/not...but...等。1）Theelectriccurrentmusthavebeenturnedoff,forthelightwentout.（不是狀語從句，陳述間接的、推測性的原因，不放句首）2）Heworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazybone.HewasenjoyinghisKFCwhenafriendcame.NotthatJohndoesn"twanttohelpyou,butthatit"sbeyondhispower.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.復(fù)合句三大:名詞性從句；（主/賓/表/同位） 形容詞性從句；（定）副詞性從句（狀）六?。褐髡Z從句；賓語從句；表語從句；同位語從句 定語從句狀語從句從句是不是句子？從句不是句子，從句是句子中的某一個成分。它們名稱是如何來的？由其位置得來其名稱。從句中什么最重要？引導(dǎo)詞最重要。（主語）從句+謂語...…vt./prep.+(賓語)從句…be+(表語)從句N.+（同位語）從句（完整句）N./pron.+(定語)從句（不完整句）（狀語）從句,主句.That

+

完整句

=

N.（主/賓/表/同位）如:接受教育在當代社會變得越來越重要。譯:Receivingeducationbecomesincreasinglyvitaincontemporarysociety.That+…iswell-known.=Itiswell-knownthat+…(形式主語從句)Somesaythat+…Thefocus