新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)大題突破+限時(shí)集訓(xùn)專題10 閱讀回答問題（解析版）

專題10閱讀回答問題（北京天津用）閱讀表達(dá)題要求學(xué)生閱讀一篇300詞左右的短文，并按照題目要求用英語組織語言回答問題要求考生能夠捕捉并理解文章中出現(xiàn)的具體信息，并結(jié)合文中的具體要求進(jìn)行回答。命題通常有細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)題，詞義猜測(cè)題，推斷表達(dá)題，主旨表達(dá)題和開放題。In2016,WandaDenchwastryingtolethergrandkidsknowaboutthefamily’supcomingplansfortheholidayandtriedtosendatextmessagetohergrandson.ButJamalHinton,whowasa17-year-oldhighschoolstudentandcompletestrangertoDenchatthetime,receivedthetextinstead.OncethetwoArizonanativesrealizedthemistake,Hintonaskedifhecould“stillgetaplate,”accordingtoscreenshotshepostedonTwitter.Denchreplied,“Ofcourse,youcan.That’swhatgrandmasdo...feedeveryone.”Hintonsharedthesweetconversationonsocialmediaandthestoryquicklywentviral(瘋傳).TheyhavecelebratedThanksgivingtogethereveryyearsince,alwayssnappingphotosandtakingvideos,muchtothedelightofmanyfollowingtheirstory.Thisyear,averyimportantpersonismissingfromtheannualtradition—Dench’shusband,Lonnie.Hediedfromthecoronavirusthisspring.Wandawasabletobewithhimduringhisfinalmoments.DenchandHintonthoughtabouttherisksofholdingaThanksgivingcelebrationamidthepandemic(疫情期間),weighingiftheycouldfigureoutawaytogettogetherthedaybeforegatheringwiththeirownindividualfamilies.But,theyeventuallyconcludedtheriskwastoohigh.InhonorofLonnie,thefriendsinsteadheldasmallgatheringonFriday.Dench,heractualgrandson,herdaughter,Hintonandhisgirlfriend,Mikaela,gottogetherforanearlyThanksgivingmeal.Theeventwasasharpcontrastfromthelargercelebrationsofyearspast.“Ididn’twanttomissThanksgivingwithJamal,”Denchsaid.“Thisyearisdefinitelydifferentthanalltheyearsinthepast.”TohonorLonnie,anemptyseatandlitcandlewereplacedattheheadofthetable.Thebelovedhusbandwouldalwayssaygracebeforetheholidaymeal,sothisyear,Denchledtheprayer.“Thankyouforalltheblessings,andthankyousomuchforhavingLonnieinmylife,”Denchsaidaseveryonesataroundthetable.“Imisshim,butIknowhe’sinagoodplace.Sotoeverybodyhere,IloveyouandhaveawonderfulThanksgiving.”1．WhatwastherelationshipbetweenDenchandHintonatthebeginningofthestory?(nomorethan3words)2．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedpartinParagraph2?(nomorethan6words)3．Whywasthisyear’sgatheringasharpcontrastfromthelargercelebrationsofyearspast?(nomorethan15words)4．WhydidDenchleadtheprayerthisyear?(nomorethan10words)5．WhatdoyouthinkofDenchandHinton'sstory?Andgiveyourreasons.(nomorethan20words)【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講了丹齊將發(fā)給自己孫子的短信誤發(fā)給了一個(gè)叫欣頓的小伙，因?yàn)檫@一次“錯(cuò)誤”，欣頓收獲了幾位“家人”，并參與了他們的感恩節(jié)聚會(huì)。Theywerestrangers.Or:Strangers.

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段“In2016,WandaDenchwastryingtolethergrandkidsknowaboutthefamily'supcomingplansfortheholidayandtriedtosendatextmessagetohergrandson.ButJamalHinton,whowasa17-year-oldhighschoolstudentandcompletestrangertoDenchatthetime,receivedthetextinstead.(2016年，萬達(dá)·丹奇試圖讓她的孫子知道家庭即將到來的假期計(jì)劃，并試圖給她的孫子發(fā)短信。但當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)丹奇完全陌生的17歲高中生賈馬爾·辛頓卻收到了這條短信)”可知萬達(dá)·丹奇和賈馬爾·辛頓是兩個(gè)相互不認(rèn)識(shí)的陌生人。故答案為Theywerestrangers./Strangers.2．Stilljointheirfamily’sThanksgiving.Or:CelebrateThanksgivingtogetherwithherfamily.

【解析】考查詞句猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Denchreplied,“Ofcourseyoucan.That’swhatgrandmasdo...feedeveryone.”(丹奇回答說：“你當(dāng)然可以。這就是奶奶該做的……養(yǎng)活每個(gè)人。”)”及第六段的第二句“Dench,heractualgrandson,herdaughter,Hintonandhisgirlfriend,Mikaela,gottogetherforanearlyThanksgivingmeal.(丹奇，她的孫子，她的女兒，欣頓和他的女朋友，米凱拉，一起提前吃感恩節(jié)晚餐)”，再結(jié)合第一段丹齊錯(cuò)發(fā)短信給欣頓的細(xì)節(jié)可知?jiǎng)澗€詞所在的句子可以理解為欣頓詢問：他是否依然可以參加丹奇家的感恩節(jié)晚宴。故劃線詞可以理解為Stilljointheirfamily’sThanksgiving.BecausetheriskofholdingaThanksgivingcelebrationamidthepandemicwastoohigh.

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段“DenchandHintonthoughtabouttherisksofholdingaThanksgivingcelebrationamidthepandemic(疫情期間),weighingiftheycouldfigureoutawaytogettogetherthedaybeforegatheringwiththeirownindividualfamilies.But,theyeventuallyconcludedtheriskwastoohigh.(丹齊和辛頓想舉行感恩節(jié)慶典，在疫情期間，他們考慮是否能找到一個(gè)辦法在與各自家人聚會(huì)的前一天能夠聚在一起。但是，他們最終得出的結(jié)論是，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)太高了)”及第六段的首句“InhonorofLonnie,thefriendsinsteadheldasmallgatheringonFriday.(為了紀(jì)念朗尼，朋友們?cè)谥芪迮e行了一個(gè)小型聚會(huì))”及尾句“Theeventwasasharpcontrastfromthelargercelebrationsofyearspast.(此次活動(dòng)與以往的大型慶?；顒?dòng)形成了鮮明對(duì)比)”可知，此次感恩節(jié)活動(dòng)與以往活動(dòng)形成鮮明對(duì)比的原因是在疫情期間舉行活動(dòng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)太高了。故答案為BecausetheriskofholdingaThanksgivingcelebrationamidthepandemicwastoohigh.4．BecauseLonniewasdead.

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的第二句“Hediedfromthecoronavirusthisspring.(今年春天，他死于冠狀病毒)”及倒數(shù)第二段“TohonorLonnie,anemptyseatandlitcandlewereplacedattheheadofthetable.Thebelovedhusbandwouldalwayssaygracebeforetheholidaymeal,sothisyear,Denchledtheprayer.(為了向朗尼表示敬意，在桌子的上首放置了一個(gè)空位子和點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭。這位心愛的丈夫總是在節(jié)日飯前做祈禱，所以今年，丹奇主持祈禱)”可知，今年由丹齊主持祈禱是因?yàn)樗恼煞蚶誓崛ナ懒?。故答案為BecauseLonniewasdead.5．Open.(Ithinktheirstoryisfantastic.Becauseonewrongtextmessagebroughtstrangerstogetherandkeptthemtogetherforyears,whichisincredible.)【解析】開放性試題。言之有理即可，注意詞數(shù)限制。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容及敘事情節(jié)（丹齊將發(fā)給自己孫子的短信誤發(fā)給了一個(gè)叫欣頓的小伙，因?yàn)檫@一次“錯(cuò)誤”，欣頓收獲了幾位“家人”，并參與了他們的感恩節(jié)聚會(huì)。）及第三段“Hintonsharedthesweetconversationonsocialmediaandthestoryquicklywentviral(瘋傳).TheyhavecelebratedThanksgivingtogethereveryyearsince,alwayssnappingphotosandtakingvideos,muchtothedelightofmanyfollowingtheirstory.(辛頓在社交媒體上分享了這段甜蜜的對(duì)話，這個(gè)故事迅速走紅。從那以后，他們每年都一起慶祝感恩節(jié)，總是拍照和拍視頻，讓很多關(guān)注他們故事的人很高興)”可推知，這個(gè)故事非常的不可思議，因?yàn)榘l(fā)送的錯(cuò)誤信息讓兩個(gè)毫不相干的人能夠認(rèn)識(shí)并多年保持聯(lián)系。故答案為Open.(Ithinktheirstoryisfantastic.Becauseonewrongtextmessagebroughtstrangerstogetherandkeptthemtogetherforyears,whichisincredible.)細(xì)節(jié)理解題：首先要仔細(xì)審題，然后根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞快速、準(zhǔn)確地在文章中定位相應(yīng)的語句，結(jié)合該語句（或其上下句）的內(nèi)容，用正確的格式進(jìn)行回答，答案內(nèi)容往往是固定的、唯一的。主旨表達(dá)題：善于歸納文章、語段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主題段、主題句、關(guān)鍵詞和核心詞。解該類題時(shí)，注意一要緊扣能夠體現(xiàn)文章或段落主旨的關(guān)鍵詞，二要計(jì)言簡練。推斷表達(dá)題：①要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的線索。②要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能斷章取義，以偏概全。③要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，立足已知，推斷未知。④不能主觀臆想，也不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。⑤了解語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，重視文章的主旨，體會(huì)文章基調(diào)，所寫答案的內(nèi)容一定要立足于語篇內(nèi)容和主旨。⑥把握句子間和段落間的邏輯關(guān)系，把握邏輯發(fā)展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音，揣摩出作者的態(tài)度。⑦回答要緊扣題目，語言既要完整，又要簡潔，不要超過規(guī)定詞數(shù)。猜測(cè)表達(dá)題：結(jié)合文章主旨大意、整合上下文語境信息進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，還要利用同義或者反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法及語篇文脈關(guān)系等理解猜測(cè)其含義，有些題目需要對(duì)較大的上下文范圍進(jìn)行理解，甚至通過理解整個(gè)語篇進(jìn)行猜測(cè)判斷。解題方法總結(jié)：1、首尾段結(jié)合出主旨，然后主旨在心去做題。2、在文章中找到能答題的句子，然后將句子改成符合答題要求的句、詞、或短語進(jìn)行做答，不要照抄文章原句。3、注意合理合法的去答題，合理指的是依據(jù)文章，答即所問，合法指的是符合語法規(guī)范。4、猜詞的題，盡量在文章中找有無近義詞替換詞，如果沒有再依據(jù)主旨和上下文語境自己找詞答，注意保持完全一致性。即詞性、形式、單復(fù)數(shù)等。5、開放題，兩個(gè)問題用兩句答，依據(jù)主旨進(jìn)行做答，不要偏離主題。Almosteverycommunityintheworldhassomeformofrulesandsomewayofcarryingthemout.Acommunityisagroupofpeoplewhoareunitedbyanumberoffactors,includinggeography,language,andvalues.Sowhydowehaverules,andwhatmakespeoplefollowthem?Studieshavesuggestedthatthereasonwedon’tlikecheatingandrule-breakingisthatfairnessisprogrammedintoourbrains.Theyhavefoundthatthebrainreactsinaparticularwaywhenwefeelwearebeingtreatedunfairly.Thefindingsconcludedthatfairnessisabasichumanneedalongwithfoodandsocialcontact.Oursenseoffairnessdependsontheinfluencesinourculture,theimmediatesituationwearein,andourownself-interest.Arrivingatafeelingoffairnessmeansconsideringdifferent,oftenconflicting,pointsofview.Regardlessofthedisagreement,peoplealmostalwaysneedtocompromise.Butitcanbedifficulttoarriveatacompromise(妥協(xié))whenthereareconflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitieshaverulesthateveryonemustfollow.Socialcontrolsareanimportantfactorinsettingandfollowingrules.Theyinfluencethewaywebehaveandcanbeinternalorexternal.Internalcontrolscomefromwithinandarebasedonourvaluesandfears.Mostofusdon’tsteal,forexample,becausewebelievethattheftisunfairandwrong.Inotherwords,ourinternalcontrolskeepusfrombehavinginwaysthatcauseconflict.Externalcontrolsincluderewardsandpunishments.Theydonotcomefromwithinbutareimplementedbyanauthority—thiscouldbethegovernment,thepolice,ateacherorparents,dependingonthesituation.Rewards,suchasjobpromotions,awards,andpraise,aredesignedtoencouragepeopletobehaveandactintheinterestofthewholecommunity.Punishments,suchaspublicembarrassment,fines,andevenimprisonmentcanpreventpeoplefromactingagainstthecommunity’sbestinterests.Peopleneedtheircommunitiestofunctionsmoothly.Becauseofthis,humansmostoftenbehaveinorderly,fair,andpredictableways.Iftherewerenorules,themajorityofpeoplewouldprobablycontinuetointeractpositively.However,therewouldalwaysbeaminoritywhowouldnot,withseriousconsequences.Thisiswhyasocietywithoutrulesisunlikelytobecomearealityanytimesoon—atleastnotintherealworld.(390words)1．Whydowehaverulesandfollowthem?2．Howdosocialcontrolsinfluenceourbehavior?3．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenchangeitandexplainwhy.Ourinternalcontrolcomesfromrewardsandpunishmentsfromanauthoritylikeourschool.4．Ifyoucouldchangearuleatyourschool/home/community,whichonewouldyouliketochange?Why?(Inabout40words)【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要講述一項(xiàng)研究表明，人們生活的社區(qū)和社會(huì)都需要有規(guī)則來促進(jìn)公平，沒有規(guī)則，社會(huì)就無法運(yùn)行。Topromotefairness.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Oursenseoffairnessdependsontheinfluencesinourculture,theimmediatesituationwearein,andourownself-interest.Arrivingatafeelingoffairnessmeansconsideringdifferent,oftenconflicting,pointsofview.Regardlessofthedisagreement,peoplealmostalwaysneedtocompromise.Butitcanbedifficulttoarriveatacompromise(妥協(xié))whenthereareconflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitieshaverulesthateveryonemustfollow.”(我們的公平感取決于我們文化的影響，我們當(dāng)前的處境，以及我們自身的利益。達(dá)到一種公平的感覺意味著考慮不同的，經(jīng)常是相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)。不管有什么分歧，人們幾乎總是需要妥協(xié)。但當(dāng)利益沖突時(shí)，可能很難達(dá)成妥協(xié)。這就是為什么社區(qū)有每個(gè)人都必須遵守的規(guī)則。)可知，我們每個(gè)人之所以要遵守規(guī)則，原因在于要實(shí)現(xiàn)公平。故答案為Topromotefairness。2．Socialcontrolsinfluencethewaywebehaveandcanbeinternalorexternal.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Socialcontrolsareanimportantfactorinsettingandfollowingrules.Theyinfluencethewaywebehaveandcanbeinternalorexternal.”(社會(huì)控制是制定和遵守規(guī)則的一個(gè)重要因素。它們影響我們的行為方式，可以是內(nèi)在的，也可以是外在的。)可知，社會(huì)控制從內(nèi)在和外在影響我們的行為方式。故答案為Socialcontrolsinfluencethewaywebehaveandcanbeinternalorexternal.3．Ourexternalcontrolscomesfromrewardsandpunishmentsfromanauthoritylikeourschool.Becauseexternalcontrolsincluderewardsandpunishments.Theydonotcomefromwithinbutareimplementedbyanauthority—thiscouldbethegovernment,thepolice,ateacherorparents,dependingonthesituation.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Internalcontrolscomefromwithinandarebasedonourvaluesandfears.”(內(nèi)部控制來自內(nèi)部，基于我們的價(jià)值觀和恐懼。)和第四段“Externalcontrolsincluderewardsandpunishments.Theydonotcomefromwithinbutareimplementedbyanauthority—thiscouldbethegovernment,thepolice,ateacherorparents,dependingonthesituation.”(外部控制包括獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰。它們不是來自內(nèi)部，而是由一個(gè)權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)執(zhí)行——這可能是政府、警察、教師或家長，具體取決于具體情況。)可知，內(nèi)部控制來自內(nèi)部，基于我們的價(jià)值觀和恐懼；而外部控制是來自像學(xué)校這樣的權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)執(zhí)行的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰。所以，這句話“Ourinternalcontrolcomesfromrewardsandpunishmentsfromanauthoritylikeourschool.”(我們的內(nèi)部控制來自于像我們學(xué)校這樣的權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰。)是錯(cuò)誤的，主語internalcontrol應(yīng)該改成externalcontrol。故答案為Ourexternalcontrolscomesfromrewardsandpunishmentsfromanauthoritylikeourschool.Becauseexternalcontrolsincluderewardsandpunishments.Theydonotcomefromwithinbutareimplementedbyanauthority—thiscouldbethegovernment,thepolice,ateacherorparents,dependingonthesituation.4．Inmyhome,allhouseworkisdonebymymom,whichIthinkshouldbechanged.Becauseitisunfairtodoallthehouseworkbymymom.Weshoulddoitwithhertoshowfairness,ourloveandshareofresponsibility.【解析】開放性試題，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。題干問的是：如果您可以更改學(xué)校/家庭/社區(qū)的規(guī)則，您希望更改哪一條？為什么？可以自選一條更改，注意字?jǐn)?shù)。參考答案為Inmyhome,allhouseworkisdonebymymom,whichIthinkshouldbechanged.Becauseitisunfairtodoallthehouseworkbymymom.Weshoulddoitwithhertoshowfairness,ourloveandshareofresponsibility.一、（2023·天津河?xùn)|·統(tǒng)考一模）WhenIwaseightornineyearsold,Iwrotemyfirstpoem.Mymotherreadthelittlepoemandbegantocry.“Buddy,youdidn’treallywritethisbeautiful,beautifulpoem!”Shyly,proud-bursting,IstammeredthatIhad.Shepouredoutherpraise.Why,thispoemwasnothingshortofgenius!Iglowed.Ispentthebestpartofthatafternoonpreparingforthearrivalofmyfather.Buthedidnotreturnuntilanhourlatefordinner.“Ben,abeautifulthinghashappened,”mymotherbegan.“Buddyhaswrittenhisfirstpoem!Andit’sbeautiful,absolutelyamazing.”“Ifyoudon’tmind,I’dliketodecidethatformyself,”Fathersaid.Thatpoemwasonlytenlines.Butitseemedtotakehours.Icouldhearmyfatherbreathing.“Ithinkit’slousy,”myfathersaid.“Ben,thesearethefirstlinesofpoetryhe’severwritten,”mymotherwassaying.“Heneedsencouragement.”Theyquarreledoverit.Icouldn’tstanditanothersecond.Iranfromthedinningroombawling.UpinmyroomIthrewmyselfonthebedandsobbed.AfewyearslaterItookasecondlookatthatfirstpoem;itwasaprettylousypoem.Butitwasn’tuntilyearslaterthatthetruemeaningofthatpainful“firstpoem”experiencedawnedonme.AsIbecameaprofessionalwriter,itbecameclearerandclearertomehowfortunateIhadbeen.Ihadamotherwhosaid,“Buddy,didyoureallywritethis?Ithinkit’swonderful!”andafatherwhoshookhisheadnoanddrovemetotearswith“Ithinkit’slousy.”Awriter—infacteveryoneofusinlife—needsthatloving-motherforcefromwhichallcreationflows;andyetaloneitisincomplete,evenmisleading,finallydestructive,withoutthefatherforcetocaution,“Watch.Listen.Review.Improve.”1．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedpartinParagraph2?(nomorethan8words)_________________________________________________________________2．Whydidthewriter’sparentsquarrelatdinner?(nomorethan10words)_________________________________________________________________3．Whatdidthewriterthinkofhisfirstpoemwhenhegrewolder?(nomorethan8words)_________________________________________________________________4．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?(nomorethan15words)_________________________________________________________________5．Whatkindofparentsdoyouneedinlife?(nomorethan20words)_________________________________________________________________

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹的是作者父母對(duì)作者在七八歲時(shí)寫的第一首詩歌的不同評(píng)價(jià)讓作者認(rèn)識(shí)到一個(gè)作家的成長既需要母親的鼓勵(lì)，也需要父親的鞭策。Thispoemwaswell-done./Thispoemwasthesameworkofgenius./Thispoemwasalmostwonderful/excellent.

【解析】考查詞句猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的“Mymotherreadthelittlepoemandbegantocry.‘Buddy,youdidn’treallywritethisbeautiful,beautifulpoem!’(母親讀了這首小詩，哭了起來。“伙計(jì)，你不會(huì)真的寫了這首非常非常漂亮的詩吧!”)”可知，母親表揚(yáng)作者的詩歌寫的很好，第二段中的“Shyly,proud-bursting,IstammeredthatIhad.Shepouredoutherpraise.(我羞澀地，驕傲地，結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地說是我。她傾吐她的贊美之詞。)”可知，作者聽到母親對(duì)詩歌的贊美之詞感到非常的高興，由此可推斷，劃線句子的意思是對(duì)作者詩歌的贊美。故答案為Thispoemwaswell-done./Thispoemwasthesameworkofgenius./Thispoemwasalmostwonderful/excellent.。Becausetheyhaddifferentattitudetowardsthepoem./Becausetheyhaddifferentopinionsaboutthepoem.

【解析】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thatpoemwasonlytenlines.Butitseemedtotakehours.Icouldhearmyfatherbreathing.‘Ithinkit’slousy,’myfathersaid.(那首詩只有十行。但這似乎要花好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。我能聽到父親的呼吸聲?！拔矣X得很糟糕，”父親說。)”可知，父親對(duì)作者寫的詩歌并不滿意，結(jié)合第三段中的“‘Ben,abeautifulthinghashappened,’mymotherbegan.‘Buddyhaswrittenhisfirstpoem!Andit’sbeautiful,absolutelyamazing.’(“本，一件美好的事情發(fā)生了，”我媽媽開始說?！鞍偷蠈懥怂牡谝皇自?它很美，絕對(duì)令人驚嘆?！?”可知，母親認(rèn)為作者寫的是個(gè)很精彩，由此可以推斷，父母兩人吵架是因?yàn)樗麄兊挠^點(diǎn)不一致。故答案是Becausetheyhaddifferentattitudetowardsthepoem./Becausetheyhaddifferentopinionsaboutthepoem.。Itwaslousy./Itwasverybad./Itwasaprettylousypoem.

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“AfewyearslaterItookasecondlookatthatfirstpoem;itwasaprettylousypoem.(幾年后，我重新審視了那首詩；這是一首非常糟糕的詩。)”可知，幾年后，作者在看到自己寫的第一首詩歌后，感覺這首詩歌真的很糟糕。故答案是Itwaslousy./Itwasverybad./Itwasaprettylousypoem.。Everyoneneedsalovingmotherandastrictfather.

【解析】考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Awriter—infacteveryoneofusinlife—needsthatloving-motherforcefromwhichallcreationflows;andyetaloneitisincomplete,evenmisleading,finallydestructive,withoutthefatherforcetocaution,“Watch.Listen.Review.Improve.”(一個(gè)作家——實(shí)際上是生活中的每一個(gè)人——都需要那種慈母般的力量，所有的創(chuàng)作都源自這種力量；然而，如果沒有父親的告誡，它是不完整的，甚至是誤導(dǎo)的，最終是毀滅性的，“觀察、傾聽、審查、改善?！?”可知，作者認(rèn)為生活中的每一個(gè)人只有一個(gè)愛自己的母親是不完美的，還需要一個(gè)嚴(yán)厲的父親才能讓自己不斷的進(jìn)步，所以最后一段主要闡述的是人人都需要一位慈母和一位嚴(yán)父。故答案是Everyoneneedsalovingmotherandastrictfather.。5．Ineedamotherwhocanencouragemeandafatherwhocancautionme./Ineedparentswhobothloveme./Ineedparentswhoalwaysencourageme.【解析】開放性題目。根據(jù)介紹的作者的寫的第一首詩歌的經(jīng)歷以及最后一段中的“Awriter—infacteveryoneofusinlife—needsthatloving-motherforcefromwhichallcreationflows;andyetaloneitisincomplete,evenmisleading,finallydestructive,withoutthefatherforcetocaution,“Watch.Listen.Review.Improve.”(一個(gè)作家——實(shí)際上是生活中的每一個(gè)人——都需要那種慈母般的力量，所有的創(chuàng)作都源自這種力量；然而，如果沒有父親的告誡，它是不完整的，甚至是誤導(dǎo)的，最終是毀滅性的，“觀察、傾聽、審查、改善?！?”可知，人們都需要一個(gè)鼓勵(lì)自己，愛護(hù)自己的而母親，也需要一位客觀公正的父親，所以在生活中，我需要的也是一位如同作者一樣的父母，即我需要一位鼓勵(lì)我的母親和一位鞭策我的父親。故答案是Ineedamotherwhocanencouragemeandafatherwhocancautionme./Ineedparentswhobothloveme./Ineedparentswhoalwaysencourageme.。二、（2023·天津和平·統(tǒng)考一模）LearningoutsideofaclassroommaystillbeanewthingformanypeoplebutnotforKamer·Meli·Veseli,who’scompletinghisfinalyearofhighschoolthatway.HisfamilymovedfromKosovotoSwitzerland,sohe’sdoinghiscourseworkremotelyandwilltakeabigtestwithallofhisteachersattheendoftheyear.It’stheidealarrangementforMelisinceitallowshimtomanagehisownscheduleandpursueotherinterestsinhisfreetime.That’swhereSparkandonlinelearningcomein.Melihasalwaysbeenaseriousgamer,buthe’snotjustlookingtohavefun.Helikesexaminingthetechnologybehindhisfavoritegamesandiscurioustounderstandhowdeveloperscreatethegraphics,textures,andspecialeffects.HereallywantedtomakehisowngamesandactuallydiddevelopacoupleonAndroidbutwasn’tsatisfiedwiththeresults.Searchingforonlinecoursesthatcouldtakehisgametothenextlevel,hefoundSpark,anditwas“oneofthehappiestdaysofmylife.”Butgamingisn’ttheextentofMeli’sinterests.He’salsoahopefulsingerwho’dalwayslackedtheconfidencetosinginpublic.ThenhetookcoursesonSparkanddiscoveredexercisesthatcouldhelphimloosenandrelaxhisthroatandreleasehisvoice“10timesbetterin10minutes.”NowheplansforSwitzerland’sversionoftheTVshow“TheVoice”in2016!WithSparkcourses,Meli’salsobrushinguponhisdrawingskills,whichhepickedupinhischildhood.Hefinallycreatedaperfectportraitofhisolderbrother.WhereverMeli’sdreamstakehim,heknowshe’llbeabletofindrelevantcoursesonSpark:“Thevarietyisunlimited—somanylanguages,allkindsofsoftware,eventhingslikemeditationandculturallessons.Whateveryouwanttolearn,you’llfinditonSpark.”6．Accordingtothefirstparagraph,howdoesSparkinfluenceMeli’slife?(nomorethan10words)________________7．WhendidMelifindSpark?(nomorethan15words)________________8．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasemeaninparagraph3?(nomorethan1word)________________9．Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout?(nomorethan15words)________________10．Whatdoyouthinkofonlinelearning?Giveyourreason.(nomorethan20words)________________【語篇解讀】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章通過講述卡梅爾·梅利·韋塞利利用Spark網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷告訴我們，網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)可以提供很多的資源，給人們帶來了許多的便利。6．Hecanmanagehisstudyandpursueotherinterests./Hecanbalancehisstudyandotherinterests.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“LearningoutsideofaclassroommaystillbeanewthingformanypeoplebutnotforKamer·Meli·Veseli,who’scompletinghisfinalyearofhighschoolthatway.HisfamilymovedfromKosovotoSwitzerland,sohe’sdoinghiscourseworkremotelyandwilltakeabigtestwithallofhisteachersattheendoftheyear.It’stheidealarrangementforMelisinceitallowshimtomanagehisownscheduleandpursueotherinterestsinhisfreetime.That’swhereSparkandonlinelearningcomein.(對(duì)于許多人來說，在教室外學(xué)習(xí)可能仍然是一件新鮮事，但對(duì)于卡梅爾·梅利·韋塞利來說，這不是一件新鮮的事，他正以這種方式完成高中最后一年的學(xué)業(yè)。他的家人從科索沃搬到了瑞士，因此他正在遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)課程，并將在年底與所有老師一起參加一場大型考試。這是梅利的理想安排，因?yàn)樗试S他在空閑時(shí)間管理自己的日程并追求其他興趣。這就是Spark和在線學(xué)習(xí)的作用所在。)”可知，Spark可以讓梅利遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)，在空閑時(shí)間管理自己的日程并追求其他興趣。故答案為Hecanmanagehisstudyandpursueotherinterests.或Hecanbalancehisstudyandotherinterests.Whenhesearched/wassearchingforonlinecoursestoimprovehisgame.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Searchingforonlinecoursesthatcouldtakehisgametothenextlevel,hefoundSpark,anditwas“oneofthehappiestdaysofmylife.”(在尋找能讓他的游戲更上一層樓的在線課程時(shí)，他找到了Spark，這是“我一生中最快樂的日子之一”。)”可知，在梅利尋找能讓他的游戲更上一層樓的在線課程時(shí)，他找到了Spark。故答案為Whenhesearched/wassearchingforonlinecoursestoimprovehisgame.Improving.

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“Hefinallycreatedaperfectportraitofhisolderbrother.(他終于為哥哥畫了一幅完美的肖像)”可知，梅利通過學(xué)習(xí)Spark課程之后終于為哥哥畫了一幅完美的肖像，所以他的繪畫技巧應(yīng)該是得到了提高。brushingupon的意思是“提升，提高”。故答案為Improving.

9．HowSparkhelpedMeliwithsingingandpainting./SparkhelpedMelibecomeagoodsingerandpainter.【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Butgamingisn’ttheextentofMeli’sinterests.He’salsoahopefulsingerwho’dalwayslackedtheconfidencetosinginpublic.ThenhetookcoursesonSparkanddiscoveredexercisesthatcouldhelphimloosenandrelaxhisthroatandreleasehisvoice“10timesbetterin10minutes.”NowheplansforSwitzerland’sversionoftheTVshow“TheVoice”in2016!WithSparkcourses,Meli’salsobrushinguponhisdrawingskills,whichhepickedupinhischildhood.Hefinallycreatedaperfectportraitofhisolderbrother.(但游戲并不是Meli的興趣范圍。他也是一位充滿希望的歌手，一直缺乏在公眾場合唱歌的信心。然后，他參加了Spark的課程，發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以幫助他放松和放松喉嚨的練習(xí)，并“在10分鐘內(nèi)將聲音提高10倍”?，F(xiàn)在，他計(jì)劃在2016年參加瑞士版的電視節(jié)目“thevoice”！通過Spark課程，Meli也在學(xué)習(xí)自己的繪畫技巧，這是他在童年時(shí)學(xué)到的。他終于為哥哥畫了一幅完美的肖像)”可知，這一段主要講述梅利提高Spark的課程提升了自己的歌唱能力和繪畫技巧。故答案為HowSparkhelpedMeliwithsingingandpainting.或SparkhelpedMelibecomeagoodsingerandpainter.

10．Onlinelearningisverygood.Itcanprovidemanyrecoursesandbringmuchconveniencetoourdailylifeandstudy.【解析】開放性試題。根據(jù)第一段“LearningoutsideofaclassroommaystillbeanewthingformanypeoplebutnotforKamer·Meli·Veseli,who’scompletinghisfinalyearofhighschoolthatway.HisfamilymovedfromKosovotoSwitzerland,sohe’sdoinghiscourseworkremotelyandwilltakeabigtestwithallofhisteachersattheendoftheyear.It’stheidealarrangementforMelisinceitallowshimtomanagehisownscheduleandpursueotherinterestsinhisfreetime.That’swhereSparkandonlinelearningcomein.(對(duì)于許多人來說，在教室外學(xué)習(xí)可能仍然是一件新鮮事，但對(duì)于卡梅爾·梅利·韋塞利來說，這不是一件新鮮的事，他正以這種方式完成高中最后一年的學(xué)業(yè)。他的家人從科索沃搬到了瑞士，因此他正在遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)課程，并將在年底與所有老師一起參加一場大型考試。這是梅利的理想安排，因?yàn)樗试S他在空閑時(shí)間管理自己的日程并追求其他興趣。這就是Spark和在線學(xué)習(xí)的作用所在)”可知，Spark可以讓梅利遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)，在空閑時(shí)間管理自己的日程并追求其他興趣。和第四段“Butgamingisn’ttheextentofMeli’sinterests.He’salsoahopefulsingerwho’dalwayslackedtheconfidencetosinginpublic.ThenhetookcoursesonSparkanddiscoveredexercisesthatcouldhelphimloosenandrelaxhisthroatandreleasehisvoice“10timesbetterin10minutes.”NowheplansforSwitzerland’sversionoftheTVshow“TheVoice”in2016!WithSparkcourses,Meli’salsobrushinguponhisdrawingskills,whichhepickedupinhischildhood.Hefinallycreatedaperfectportraitofhisolderbrother.(但游戲并不是Meli的興趣范圍。他也是一位充滿希望的歌手，一直缺乏在公眾場合唱歌的信心。然后，他參加了Spark的課程，發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以幫助他放松和放松喉嚨的練習(xí)，并“在10分鐘內(nèi)將聲音提高10倍”。現(xiàn)在，他計(jì)劃在2016年參加瑞士版的電視節(jié)目“thevoice”！通過Spark課程，Meli也在學(xué)習(xí)自己的繪畫技巧，這是他在童年時(shí)學(xué)到的。他終于為哥哥畫了一幅完美的肖像)”可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)可以提供很多的資源，給人們帶來了許多的便利。故答案為Onlinelearningisverygood.Itcanprovidemanyrecoursesandbringmuchconveniencetoourdailylifeandstudy.三、（2022·天津南開·統(tǒng)考一模）Whywouldhumanbeingswasteathirdoftheirlivessleepingwhentheycouldbedoingmoreimportantthingslikelookingaftertheirfamiliesorworking?Somescientistsbelievesleepinghelpsrechargethebody.whileothersthinkitisimportantforstrengtheningnewlyformedmemories.Now,thereisnewevidencewhichsuggeststhatthepurposeofsleepmaybetoforgetsomeofthemillionsofnewthingswelearneachday.Theneuronsinthehumanbrainconsistoffiberscalleddendrites(樹突).Thesegrowaswelearnnewthingsandconnectthebrain’scellstoeachotheratcontactpointscalledsynapses(突觸).Thelargerthedendritesbecomeandthemorecellstheyconnect,themoreinformationwestore.In2018.GiulioTononiandChiaraCirelli,bothbiologistsattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison,suggestedanewidea:Thethingsourbrainslearneachdayresultinsomanysynapsesthatthingsstarttogetalittlemessy.Sleepingallowsustosortthrough(整理)the“noise”anddispensealltheunnecessaryinformation.leavingbehindonlythemostimportantmemories.Recently,theuniversity’sresearchhasprovideddirectevidencetosupportthetheory.Theexperimentinvolvedanalyzing6.920synapsesinthebrainshavingsfromtwogroupsofmiceoverafour-yearperiod:onegrouphadbeenallowedtosleep,whiletheotherhadbeenkeptawakeandentertainedwithtoys.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatthebrainshavingsofthesleepingmicehadnearly20percentfewersynapsesthanthosethathadbeenkeptawakeandentertained.Itwasalsoevidentduringthestudythatthebraindoesnotshaveeverysynapse.20%ofneuronsremainedunchanged:theseweremostlikelywellestablishedmemories.Therefore.althoughwemaybesleepingtoforgetsomeofwhatwe’velearned,thebrain“forgets”inasmartway.Mostresearchersbelieveclearingourbrainsisnottheonlypurposeofsleep.Restingourmindsandbodieshasalsobeenfoundtohelpwithotherbiologicalfunctionslikestrengtheningourimmunity.Thoughscientistsmayneveragreeonasinglereason.theyareallsureofonething—agoodnight’srestisessentialforourhealth.Sotryandspendatleastathirdofyourdaysleeping!11．What’sthepurposeofsleepingaccordingtothenewdiscovery?(nomorethan15words)_________________________________________________________12．What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?(nomorethan10words)_________________________________________________________13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dispense”inParagraph3probablymean?(nomorethan5words)_________________________________________________________14．Whatagreementdoallthescientistsprobablyreachaboutsleepingaccordingtothetext?(nomorethan10words)_________________________________________________________15．Doyouthinkagoodnight’ssleepwillbenefityournext-daystudy?Pleaseexplaininyourownwords.(nomorethan20words)_________________________________________________________【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了睡眠是為了幫助我們清理大腦里的一些無用信息，同時(shí)睡眠也是為了幫助我