專業(yè)學(xué)位碩士研究生英語教程詞匯及課后答案

Unit10 GlobalizationWordBankalienation:aturningaway;estrangement疏遠(yuǎn),疏離altitude:theheightofathingaboveareferencelevel高度,海拔assemble:tobringorcalltogetherintoagrouporwhole召集bureaucrat:anofficialofabureaucracy官僚collaboration:theactofworkingwithanotherorothersonajointproject協(xié)作commission:agroupofpeopleofficiallyauthorizedtoperformcertaindutiesorfunctions調(diào)查團(tuán)commoditize:tomakesth.bearthefeatureofbeingacommodity商品化commodity:somethingusefulthatcanbeturnedtocommercialorotheradvantage日用具,商品concrete:oforrelatingtoanactual,specificthingorinstance具體,實(shí)際converge:totendtowardorapproachanintersectingpoint匯聚destructive:causingorwreakingdestruction;ruinous破壞,破壞性dismantling:theactoftakingapartortearingdown拆開,分解embassy:abuildingcontainingtheofficesofanambassadorandstaff大使館embolden:tofosterboldnessorcouragein使大膽,使有膽量exclusion:theactorpracticeofexcluding排除flattening:beingflat扁平gang:agroupofcriminalsorhoodlums幫派grievance:afeelingofresentmentorinjusticeathavingbeenunfairlytreated埋怨;委屈hateful:feelingorshowinghatred憎恨instrument:ameansbywhichsomethingisdone;animplement手段;工具invisible:impossibletosee;notvisible看不見minimize:toreducetothesmallestpossibleamount,extent,size,ordegree最小化outsource:tobuyin(componentsforaproduct)ratherthanmanufacturethem外界供給oyster:anyofseveralediblebivalvemollusks牡蠣potential:capableofbeingbutnotyetinexistence潛在,可能refuge:aplaceprovidingprotectionorshelter呵護(hù)所reservation:theactofreserving保留restriction:theactofrestricting限帶,限定retiree:onewhohasretiredfromactiveworkinglife退休者spot:aplaceofrelativelysmallanddefinitelimits場所;地點(diǎn)stimulate:toexcite(anerve,organ,etc.)withastimulus刺激;激發(fā)summon:tocalltogether召集;召喚swarm:tomoveinorformalargenumber成群移動(dòng)或出現(xiàn)unlock:toundoorsetfree打開;釋放utmost:ofthehighestorgreatestdegree,amount,orintensity;mostextreme極度,最大versus:against與……相對warp:toturnortwist(wood,forexample)outofshape扭曲PhrasesandExpressionsbringabout:tocausetohappen造成bringdown:tocausetofall打倒,擊落drawup:toprepareadraftof(alegaldocument)草擬lookthrough:toexamine查閱;審校reflecton:tothinkover思索;反省ReadingComprehensionChoosethebestforeachofthefollowing.1.Itisconcludedinthearticlethat11/9and9/11aredifferentinthat__C___.A.11/9broughtdownawalland9/11openedthewindowsoftheworldB.11/9broughtdowntheWorldC.11/9representedthecreativeimaginationand9/11representedthedestructiveimaginationD.11/9unlockedhalftheplanetand9/11madethecitizenspotentialpartnersandcompetitors2.Accordingtothearticle,whatmightbethecause(s)of11/9?(D)A.HundredsofEastGermanssoughtrefugeattheWestGermanembassyinHungary.B.TheEastGermangovernmentgaveintothepressurebuiltupbytheescapeofmorethanthirteenthousandEastGermans.C.EasternEuropeanslookedforwardtowalkingoutfrombehindtheIronCurtainandengagewithaflatteningworld.D.Alloftheabove.3."Weweretheonlysuperpower,andtheworldwasouroyster"(Para.4)Here"oyster"infersthat__B__.A.theworlditselfprovidesashelterforAmericansB.peopleinAmericacouldenjoysupremefreedomsoastogeteverythingtheywantfromlifeC.AmericansfeeltobeplayingasignificantroleinthewholeworldD.Americaisaparadiseoflibertyandfreedom4.Whycouldimaginationneverbecommoditizedaccordingtothearticle?(B)A.Becauseimaginationistooimportanttobecommoditized.B.Becauseimaginationistooindividualizedtobecommoditized.C.Becauseitisextremelytoughforimaginationtobecommoditizedunderaneartotalmonopolyofpower.D.Becauseitisofnovalueatalltocommoditizeimagination.5.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatIrvingWladawskyBergersaysthat___A__.A.positiveimaginationcouldpossiblyeasethedangerfromindividualsevenwithouttheinstrumentsofastateB.focusonproductiveoutcomescouldadvanceandunitecivilizationC.peacefulimaginationcouldminimizealienationandcelebrateinterdependenceD.stimulatingpositiveimaginationisoftheutmostimportanceII.Completethefollowingsummaryofthetextbyfillingintheblankswithwords.Theinitialletterofeachwordhasbeengiventoyou.Thepastdecadeandahalfwitnessedhowtheworldwent(1)flat,whichischaracterizedbytwodates:11/9and9/11.Thecreative(2)imaginationof11/9ledtothecollapseoftheBerlinWallandhelpedcitizensaroundtheglobetojointogetherinbusinessandtrade.Inthemeantime,the(3)destructiveimaginationof9/11broughtdowntheWorldEleven-ninearosefromasimpleeventinwhichhundredsofEastGermanssought(4)refugeattheWestGerman(5)embassyinHungaryinJuly1989.Asaresult,Hungarydecidedtoliftthe(6)restrictionsonthepassagetoAustria,whichmadeitpossibleforthousandsofEastGermansto(7)escapetoAustriaandthustoWestGermany.Theimpending(8)pressuredrovetheEastGermangovernmentto(9)removetravelban.Thuson11/9/89,EastGermansgatheredtobreakdowntheBerlinWall.However,9/11changedthewayinwhichtheworldgotflattenedpeacefullyandpositively.BinLadenandhisgangmighthaveplottedtohitbothtowersoftheWorldTradeVocabularyI.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompleteseachsentence.1.Someanimalsgetconfusedwhenseeingtheir__B___amirror.A.inflection B.reflection C.conviction D.nutrition2.Memorycanbeprofoundly___A__bysubsequentexperience.A.shaped B.shipped C.shifted D.sharpened3.Wereceivedmanycleverand___C__entriesinourchildren'spaintingcontest.A.initiative B.inductive C.imaginative D.informative4.Thisdresswassewnbymymothercarefullyandthestitchesarealmost___D__.A.incredible B.impossible C.insatiable D.invisible5.Manybusinesseswithgrowth__B___failtoraiseenoughfundsbecausetheylackinvestmentreadiness.A.essential B.potential C.utensil D.spatial6.Countlesssmallstreams___A__toformalargeriver.A.converge B.diverge C.submerge D.infringe7.Thesepillsshouldhelpto___C__thepain.A.increase B.lease C.ease D.abuse8.Abig___B__ofbeesstartedfollowingClairewhoranawayterrified.A.swim B.swarmC.warm D.swam9.Duringthepregnancy,it'snormaltogainweight,butI__B___balloonedup.A.initiatively B.literally C.laterally D.lastly10.His__C___istodedicatehimselftotheserviceofhiscountry.A.hatred B.education C.motto D.religionII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.representrealizeinnocentcommodityavailablethreatenstimulateminimalsuspectreserverestrictcenteraliengrievelock 1.Publichealthofficialsnowsaythediseaseisundercontrolandis,notapublichealththreat. 2.Don'tworry.Yourloyaltyisaboveanysuspicion. 3.Forthepast10years,manytechnologiesthatwehavebeenusingreachedwidescaleadoptionandthusessentiallyhavebecomecommoditized. 4.Lifesavingcareusedtobeunavailabletowomengivingbirth,particularlyinruralareas. 5.Ifyouproveyourinnocenceyoucanbefree. 6.Ithinkwecanminimizetheproblem,soitisn'tworthfussingabout. 7.TheseinscriptionsarekeyswithwhichweunlockthesecretsofancientEgypt. 8.I'dliketochangemyreservationinyourhotel. 9.Powerwithoutrestrictionisvulnerabletocorruption.10.Yourkindnesswasaconsolationtomeinmygrief.TranslationPutthefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.9/11造成污染讓約40萬人健康受到嚴(yán)重傷害。據(jù)市衛(wèi)生署相關(guān)官員介紹,統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,有3．5萬至7萬人患上了PTSD心理后遺癥,另有0．38萬到l．26萬人可能得了哮喘。這其中包含參與事后救援和重建人員、曼哈頓下城區(qū)居民、區(qū)域工人、上班族和過路人?？傮w來看,有二分之一受訪者稱當(dāng)初她們被籠罩在大樓坍毀產(chǎn)生巨大煙塵中,70％人親眼目睹了飛機(jī)撞上大廈和尸體橫飛恐怖場景;還有13％人受了傷。參考譯文Oftheestimated400,000peoplebelievedtohavebeenheavilyexposedtopollutionfrom9/11disaster,datasuggeststhat35,000to70,000peopledevelopedPTSDand3,800to12,600mayhavedevelopedasthma,cityhealthofficialssaid.Theyincluderescueandrecoveryworkers,lowerManhattanresidents,areaworkers,commutersandpassers-by.Overall,halfoftherespondentssaidtheyhadbeeninthedustcloudfromthecollapsingtowers;70percentwitnessedatraumaticsight,suchasaplanehittingthetowerorfallingbodies;and13percentsustainedaninjurythatday.ExerciseTranslatethefollowingsentencesbyusingnon-restrictiveattributiveclause．1．去年1月份,北京將小排量汽車購置稅減半,這也是政府新政策。(halvethepurchasetax)2．正如所預(yù)料,今年中國連續(xù)高漲鋼鐵需求影響了鋼鐵行業(yè)格局。(dominatethelandscape)3．溫室氣體排放量占全球排放總量約40％中美兩國是氣候峰會(huì)上兩股最關(guān)鍵力量。(accountfor)4．谷歌事件給部分對中國政治體制心存偏見西方人一個(gè)指責(zé)中國政府機(jī)會(huì)。(bebiasedagainst)5．假如她僅做買賣而對市場潛力不做調(diào)查,她就是一個(gè)不善經(jīng)營商人。(marketpotentiality)6．?dāng)z取均衡營養(yǎng)最好路徑是均衡飲食,其中包含大量新鮮水果、蔬菜和膳食纖維。(gettherightbalanceof)7．收入低于最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)法官員們有時(shí)候多個(gè)月都拿不到薪水。(onend)8．火箭在太空中運(yùn)行最好,因?yàn)樵谀莾翰淮嬖谧璧K她們運(yùn)動(dòng)大氣。(performbest)9．約有50％至80％食物傳輸疾病都發(fā)生在廚房,細(xì)菌從生肉和蔬菜傳輸?shù)绞稚稀?food·borneillnesses)10．十年前中國電影在各大國際電影節(jié)大放異彩時(shí)中國電影產(chǎn)業(yè)卻是混沌一片。(indisarray)參考譯文:1.BeijinglastJanuaryhalvedthepurchasetaxonvehicleswithsmallerengines,whichwasalsoanewpolicycarriedoutbygovernment.2.Asisexpected,China’ssurgingdemandforsteelthisyearhasdominatedthelandscapeofthesteelindustry.3.TheUSandChina,whichtogetheraccountforsome40%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions,arethenationsthatmattermostintheclimatedebate.4.The谷歌caseprovidessomewesterners,whoarebiasedagainstChina’spoliticalsystem,withanopportunitytopointtheirfingersattheChinesegovernment.5.Hewouldbeabadbusinessman,whomerelydidbuyingandsellingwithoutinvestigatingmarketpotentiality.6.Thebestwaytogettherightbalanceofnutrientsisabalanceddiet,whichincludesplentyoffreshfruits,vegetablesanddietaryfiber.7.Lawenforcementofficials,whosesalarieswerefarbelowalivingwage,sometimesreceivednopaymonthsonend.8.Rocketsperformbestinspace,wherethereisnoatmosphe