單片機(jī)英文資料+英文文獻(xiàn)

Amicrocontroller(orMCU)isacomputer-on-a-chip.Itisatypeofmicroprocessoremphasizingself-sufficiencyandcost-effectiveness,incontrasttoageneral-purposemicroprocessor(thekindusedinaPC).Themajorityofcomputersystemsinusetodayareembeddedinothermachinery,suchastelephones,clocks,appliances,vehicles,andinfrastructure.Anembeddedsystemusuallyhasminimalrequirementsformemoryandprogramlengthandmayrequiresimplebutunusualinput/outputsystems.Forexample,mostembeddedsystemslackkeyboards,screens,disks,printers,orotherrecognizableI/Odevicesofapersonalcomputer.Theymaycontrolelectricmotors,relaysorvoltages,andreadswitches,variableresistorsorotherelectronicdevices.Often,theonlyI/Odevicereadablebyahumanisasinglelight-emittingdiode,andseverecostorpowerconstraintscaneveneliminatethat.Incontrasttogeneral-purposeCPUs,microcontrollersdonothaveanaddressbusoradatabus,becausetheyintegratealltheRAMandnon-volatilememoryonthesamechipastheCPU.Becausetheyneedfewerpins,thechipcanbeplacedinamuchsmaller,cheaperpackage.Integratingthememoryandotherperipheralsonasinglechipandtestingthemasaunitincreasesthecostofthatchip,butoftenresultsindecreasednetcostoftheembeddedsystemasawhole.(Even訐thecostofaCPUthathasintegratedperipheralsisslightlymorethanthecostofaCPU+externalperipherals,havingfewerchipstypicallyallowsasmallerandcheapercircuitboard,andreducesthelaborrequiredtoassembleandtestthecircuitboard).Thistrendleadstodesign.Amicrocontrollerisasingleintegratedcircuit,commonlywiththefollowingfeatures:centralprocessingunit-rangingfromsmallandsimple4-bitprocessorstosophisticated32-or64-bitprocessorsinput/outputinterfacessuchasserialports(UARTs)otherserialcommunicationsinterfaceslikeI2C,SerialPeripheralInterfaceandControllerAreaNetworkforsysteminterconnectperipheralssuchastimersandwatchdogRAMfordatastorageROM,EPROM,EEPROMorFlashmemoryforprogramstorageclockgenerator-oftenanoscillatorforaquartztimingcrystal,resonatororRCcircuitmanyincludeanalog-to-digitalconvertersThisintegrationdrasticallyreducesthenumberofchipsandtheamountofwiringandPCBspacethatwouldbeneededtoproduceequivalentsystemsusingseparatechipsandhaveprovedtobehighlypopularinembeddedsystemssincetheirintroductioninthe1970s.SomemicrocontrollerscanaffordtouseaHarvardarchitecture:separatememorybusesforinstructionsanddata,allowingaccessestotakeplaceconcurrently.Thedecisionofwhichperipheraltointegrateisoftendifficult.TheMicrocontrollervendorsoftentradeoperatingfrequenciesandsystemdesignflexibilityagainsttime-to-marketrequirementsfromtheircustomersandoveralllowersystemcost.Manufacturershavetobalancetheneedtominimizethechipsizeagainstadditionalfunctionality.Microcontrollerarchitecturesareavailablefrommanydifferentvendorsinsomanyvarietiesthateachinstructionsetarchitecturecouldrightlybelongtoacategoryoftheirown.Chiefamongthesearethe8051,Z80andARMderivatives.[citationneeded]單片機(jī)即單片微型計算機(jī)，是把中央處理器、存儲器、定時/計數(shù)器、輸入輸出接口都集成在一塊集成電路芯片上的微型計算機(jī)。與應(yīng)用在個人電腦中的通用型微處理器相比，它更強(qiáng)調(diào)自供應(yīng)（不用外接硬件）和節(jié)約成本。它的最大優(yōu)點是體積小，可放在儀表內(nèi)部，但存儲量小，輸入輸出接口簡單，功能較低。由于其發(fā)展非常迅速，舊的單片機(jī)的定義已不能滿足，所以在很多應(yīng)用場合被稱為范圍更廣的微控制器，但是目前在中國大陸仍多沿用“單片機(jī)”的稱呼。絕大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在的單片機(jī)都是基于馮?諾伊曼結(jié)構(gòu)的，這種結(jié)構(gòu)清楚地定義了嵌入式系統(tǒng)所必需的四個基本部分：一個中央處理器核心，程序存儲器（只讀存儲器或者閃存）、數(shù)據(jù)存儲器（隨機(jī)存儲器），一個或者更多的定時7計時器，還有用來與外圍設(shè)備以及擴(kuò)展資源進(jìn)行通信的輸入/輸出端口一所有這些都被集成在單個集成電路芯片上。說單片機(jī)與通用型中央處理單元芯片不同是因為前者一般很容易配合最小型的外部支持芯片制成工作計算機(jī)。這樣就可以很容易的把單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)植入裝置內(nèi)部來控制裝置了。近年來為了在指令和數(shù)據(jù)上使用不同的字寬，并提高處理器流水線速度，哈佛結(jié)構(gòu)在微控制器和DSP也逐漸得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。傳統(tǒng)的微處理器是不允許這么做的。它要完成單片機(jī)的工作，就必須連接一些其他芯片。比如說，因為片上沒有數(shù)據(jù)存儲器，就必須要添加一些RAM的存儲芯片，雖然所添加存儲器的容量很靈活，但是至少還是要添加，另外還需要添加很多連線來傳遞芯片之間的數(shù)據(jù)。比如，一個典型的微控制器只需要一個時鐘發(fā)生器和很少的RAM和ROM（或者EPROM,E2PROM）就可以在軟件和晶振下工作了。同時，微控制器具有豐富的輸入輸出設(shè)備，像是模擬數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換（ADC），定時器，串口或者其他串行通訊接口（比如I2C，串行外圍接口（SPI）,控制器局域網(wǎng)）。通常，這些繼承在內(nèi)部的設(shè)備可以通過特殊的指令來操作。一些現(xiàn)代的微控制器支持一些內(nèi)建的高級編程語言，比如BASIC語言。Dormancyoftheone-chipcomputer---restoretothethroneintheoperationwayandimproveanti-interferenceabilityAbstract:Introduceakindofdormancyofusing-restoretothethroneintheoperationwayandimprovetheanti-interferenceabilitymethodoftheone-chipcomputer;Analysesitsscopeofapplication,provideandusethecircuitconcretely;Combinetheinstance,analyzethecharacteristicofthehardwareandsoftwaredesignunderthesekindofoperationway.Keyword:One-chipcomputerRestoretothethrone/dormancyanti-interferenceForewordIntroduction:Withthedevelopmentatfullspeedofthemicroelectrictechnique,theperformanceoftheone-chipcomputerimprovesrapidly,demonstratetheoutstandingadvantageintheoperation,logiccontrol,intelligentrespect,replacedandenlargedthemeasuringthatthecircuitmadeup,controlcircuitbydigitallogicalcircuit,operationoriginallytoagreatextent,useveryextensively.Butbecauseithavesystemhalted,procedureruncriticaldefectofflyingetc,makeitlimitinalotofimportantapplicationofoccasion.Alotoftechnologyinanti-interference,forexamplesetupthesoftwaretrap,addthehardwaretoguardthegateindog'scircuitetc,canmakethisproblemhavebettersettlement,butstilltheexistingproblem:①Guardthegatedogatthemovement,meanandappearmistakealreadyandrunsometime,thisisnotallowedinsomeoccasions;②Procedureappearcirculationmistakeverymuchsometimes,butjustguardthegatedogcontrollinkincludeandenter,adoptandguardthegateastosuchamistakedogunabletodiscern③Inmeasureandcontrolcycleamongthelongsystem,one-chipcomputerspendwaitfortheperipheralhardwarealargeamountoftime,willbeinterferedtoowhencarryoutandwaitfortheorder.Tothesesituations,wehavetriedthemethodrestoredtothethronevoluntarilyinpractice,alternatepulseofadoptingetcorrestoretothethronewakingaccordingtoexternaltermstotheone-chipcomputerup.Afterbeingrestoredtothethroneeachtime,theone-chipcomputercarriesoutthecorrespondingprocedure,entersdormancyintimeafterfinishingcarryingoutthetask,waittoberestoredtothethroneneatly.Havesolvedabove-mentionedproblemswellwiththismethod,andhasgotbetterresultintheagriculturalvoltagetransformercomprehensiveprotectorexperiment.Nowtake51serialone-chipcomputersasanexampleandprobeintotheconcreteprincipleandimplementationmethod,restoredtothethronethesignalasthehighlevel.1.AprincipleandimplementationmethodRestoredtothethronethelawregularlyunconditionallyUsetimer,special-purposeclockchiporotherpulsegenerator,producesignalofrestoringtothethroneregularlyaccordingtointervalthatsetfor.Thiskindofmethodisespeciallysuitableforthemeasuringinstrument.Innotrunningactually,sampletheanalogquantityofintroductionwithA/Dconverteroften,thenstoreshowing.Thiscourseisveryfast,butsteadyforreading,thedatapersecondareonlyupgraded1-2times,alargeamountoftimeofCPUisusedforwaiting.LetCPUcarryoutandenterdormancydirectlyafterthetask,restoretothethroneandwakebyexternalworldupItcarryoutthenextoperation,thisistorestoretothethronethelawregularlyInthiswaycanmakeanti-interferenceabilitystrengthengreatly,have2pointsmainly:①.Atthedormancy,procedurestoprun,canappearPCindicatordisorderlyprocedurethatcausesrunandfly.Worktimeindormancyproportion1:9,thatistosay1shave0.1timeofsusedformeasuring,sendingoffshowing,thereistimedormancyof0.9s,theprobabilitythattheprocedureisinterferedis1/10whilerunningatfullspeed,wholeanti-interferenceabilityraiseby10times.②Becauseevery1sisrestoredtothethroneonceunconditionally,oncepresentthesystemhaltedduringajob,cancertainlyresumewhenrestoredtothethronenexttime.Astoonlyinstrumentthatshow,somereadingmistakethat1sappearaccidentallythereisnomemorytothenextmeasurement,becouldbear,belongto“pass”mistake.Thiskindisrestoredtothethronetheadvantageofdog'scircuitforguardingthegateregularly,first,changewaitingtimeintoadormancystate,timetoshortenandmaybeinterfered;Second,avoidedhappeningthatthedogcontrolsthedeathcirculationofthelinktoincludeguardingthegate.TheexternalconditionisrestoredtothethronethelawSomearrivalthatexportormeasureiscontrolledbytheoutside.Forinstance,thehotform.ofheating,rotatethepulseproducedandcalculateheatbyhotwaterwheels,thereisnohotwatertoflow,thereisnoheattoexport,CPUonlyneedinfactkeepnumbervalue,donotneedtocount.Canimaginehotwaterwheelsrotatewhenparkingwarm,CPUidleinwillitbewillitbeoneseasonautumnspringandsummer,Ifletdormancyits,measurehavewaterwheelspulseconstantly,anti-interferenceabilitycanstrengthengreatly.So,solongaslinkuptherestoringtothethroneofthepulseofthewaterwheelsandCPU,thewaterwheelsrotateacircleeachtime,CPUisrestoredtothethroneonce,hotform.canworknormally,thisisrestoredtothethronethelawbytheexternalcondition.Similarapplicationhavehalfelectronkilowatt-hourmeter,goononecountjustwhenthemachinerydegreewheelsandtransferstoacircle,usersdonotneedtheelectricity,CPUhasbeenknowingthedormancyallthetime.Therestoringtothethroneintheintervalnottoberegular,butconfirmedaccordingtotheexternalconditionofthismethod.Insomeoccasions,thetimeofthedormancywillbeverylong,veryeffectivetoimprovinganti-interferenceability.2.ThehardwarerealizesthemainpointRestoredtothethroneregularlyunconditionallyGenerallyhave2kindsofmethods.①Usethetimerorthespecial-purposeclockchiptoberestoredtothethrone.Fig1,inordertousethetimingcircuitthat555circuitmakesup;CanusetheclockchipsofX1126,etctoo,wakeCPUupwiththealarmsignalaftersettingupwarningtime.Thiskindofmethodissuitablewhenthelongintervalismade,canalsofollowtheresultofthisoperation，determinetowaketimeupinalarmnexttimetemporarily,veryflexibleandconvenient.②Thesignalofusingthesystemtobeinherentisasreducingthepulseregularly.Use50Hzworkerpowermakereducingafterhavingafaceliftfrequently,alreadyomitthetimer,gatheredthecorrespondingsignalforthephaseplacewhichmeasuredtheelectriccurrentsignalatthesametime,asFig.2shows.ExternalconditionsarerestoredtothethroneSendexternalconditionpulsetoandisrestoredtothethronetheendsonafterhavingafacelift.Tothatabove-mentionedwaterwheelsortheammeterspendapulseproduced,canuseSchmitt'striggertohaveafacelift;Forwritingdowntheinstrumentofthebiggestorminimum，canusethewindowcomparator.Inordertorealizetheelectrificationthatisregulated，canusetheelectronicelectricpotentialdevice,establishupperandlowerlimitswiththeorderoftheone-chipcomputer.ReducecycleandrestoredtothethronethehighelectricityatordinarytimesInFig3,restoredtothethronethesignalduringhighlevelTr,theone-chipcomputerisinthestateofrestoringtothethrone,theproceduredoesnotrun,anti-interferenceabilityisthestrongest;Afterthehighlevel,theone-chipcomputerbeginstoholdtheconductprocedure.Thatistosay,arerestoredtothethroneandsuitableforthetimethattheprocedurecarriesoutduringthelowlevelTdofthesignal,thistimeshouldbegreaterthantheexecutioncycleoftheprocedureeachtime.Itisrestoretothethronecycleandrestoretothethronehighlevelofsignaltakeemptythanverymuchimportanttochooserationally.Astosimpletoshowinstrument,restoretothethronecycledeterminedatabreakcycle,lowelectricityisitmeasure,hankoveralltimeshowntogreaterthantowantatordinarytimes;Otherwise,cantpresentforeverthemistakeoftheintactexecutiveprogram.MonolithicintegratedcircuitinTsandTrperiodallcaneffectivelytheantjamming,butisbesttheunnecessarytimearrangementinTr.Whentheprogramtimeislong,whenasfaraspossibletherequestreducesTr,mayjointhedifferentiatingcircuit,likechart1centerC30,R26,D9.Treatmentofoutputendsons(1)RestoretothethronestraightpulseDuringallI/Omouthofone-chipcomputerturnintothehighlevelwhenrestoringtothethrone.Thatistosayoutputforlowpinnormally,willaccordingtorestoretothethronecycleappearthewidthforthestraightpulseofTr.Thisstraightpulsewillinfluencethenormaloutput,2methodsaredealtwith:①Connectinparallelelectriccapacitysuppress,capacityconfirmaccordingtoTrtimethatrestoretothethroneonthesoninend.ReducingTrcanbereducedandconnectedtheelectriccapacityinparallel.②Itisinvalidtodesigntheperipheralcircuitintothehighlevel.(2)Fault-tolerantChoosethecapacitythattheoutputendconnectstheelectriccapacityinparallelfault-tolerantlyandproperly,canrealizefault-tolerantcontrol.Reducedcycleinacertain,becauseinterferedexportingthewronglevel.Becausethekeepingfunctionofelectriccapacity,can'tstillenableexportingthechangetothevalidlevelwithinthiscycle;Nextcycle,themistakeiscorrected.So,solongasdoesnotmakemistakesin2cyclesinsuccession,itisveryfault-toleranttoexportCertainly,thiskindofmethodwillmakethenormaloutputchangelagbehindforonecycle,justreallyreflecttheoutputendson.hastheelectricitytomeasureandrestoretothethronemanuallySomesystemisitmakesomeinitializeandoperatetowantatelectricityforthefirsttime.Restoredtothethroneandalreadybecomethebeginningconditionofnormalrunningeachtimewhileadoptingthewayofrestoringtothethronetorun,itisunabletodistinguishandhavetheelectricityforthefirsttime.Insomepinconnectstheelectriccapacityofone1PFtotheground,measurethispinafterbeingrestoredtothethrone,iflowleveltohaveelectricityforthefirsttime.Givesystemsetuponerestoretothethronebutton,thatistosayacommononemanualtorestoretothethrone,thisbuttonisnotjoinedandbeingrestoredtothethroneintheend,isconnectedinparallelintheelectriccapacitybothendstothegroundofabove-mentionedpins.3.ThesoftwarerealizesthemainpointisitresumewithzeroclearingRAMtooutputRestoretothethronethelastallpinturnhighlevelinto,isitshouldtakeplaceunnecessarychangeforlowpintomakeregularly,so,shouldresumethestate.ofallpinsimmediatelyafterbeingrestoredtothethrone.Thereare2kindsofmethods:①Analyzeandjudgeimmediatelyafterbeingrestoredtothethronethistime,providethestateofthepinaccordingtotheneed;②InbeingRAMitisthelaststatethatcomedown,theseRAMwhenrestored.Tothethroneregularlycanthezeroclearingone;Butelectricityormanualtorestoretothethronewhenpushinginconformitywithzeroclearing,isitembodytowantwhenthesoftwareisworkedoutingatthebeginning.Ifcalculatetimeallows,tryone'sbesttotakemethod1.Restoretothethronecycleprobabilitymademistakestocalculateverylittle,accordingto2forthe2ndtimeinsuccession.4outputendsonthatnarrateconnecttreatmentmethodofelectriccapacityinparallel,canreachkindanti-interferenceresultvery.realizescrossingoverandisrestoredtothethronealternatetimesequenceregularlytocontrolWorkinwayofrestoringtothethronenow,startanewandcarryoutthesameprocedurerepeatedlyeachtime.Canbedividedinto2kindsofsituations:①Astosimpletoshowinstrument,carryonmeasurement，sendoffshowingafterbeingrestoredtothethroneeachtime,havecausalitybetweenrestoringtothethronetwice.needisitswitchovertothedormancytowaitingoriginalonly.Shouldpayattentionto,measurement,givetotaltimeusedtoshowisitisitrestoretothethronelowelectricityatordinarytimestosmallerthantowant,otherwisecan'tpresentforeverthemistakeoftheintactexecutiveprogram.②Forhavingapplicationthattimesequencecontrolled,afterbeingrestoredtothethroneeachtime,shouldcheckfirstthatseethesignleftlastcycle,inordertodeterminewhatisdonethiscycle.Thatistosayeveryisitrestoretothethroneoperationofcycletostride,byisittransmittoindicateall,theseindicatewhileleavingininsideRAM,thezeroclearingonlywhenhavetheelectricityforthefirsttime.Forexample,theprotectingsyntheticallydeviceofabove-mentionedvoltagetransformer,isrestoredtothethroneregularlyaccordingtotheintervalof20ms.Itreachesthenormalworkingstatethrough,certainmovementorderafterhavingtheelectricity,suchasFig.4;Writeapartoftheprocedureofthesoftwareaccordingtothismovement,suchasFig.5.In4Fig,actaspersonwhoprotectthebeginningattheelectricity,isittransmitpower0totryatfirst.5s,pointsoutandtransmitspowersoon;Transmitpowerformallyafterwaitingfor30s.Itisstart-uptimein1saftertransmittingpower,doesnotmeasuretheelectriccurrent.Startafterfinishing,ifallgoingwell,thelocationisput"normalsign",personwhoprotectrestoretothethronecycleenternormalrunninginthenextone.Try0thattransmitspower.5sisitisitrealizetocountoncerestoringtothethronetodelaytime,restoretothethronetime20mseachtime.Athavingelectricityforthefirsttime,makeallzeroclearingtoinsideRAM,makeitisittimeTstotransmitpowernottotry=Dormancyafter25.Afterrestoringtothethrone,isithaveelectricpintohaveelectricityforthefirsttimealready,isitisitisitisittimethemeasuringofTstotransmitpowertotrytogettogoontomeasurenexttime.IfTs*0,isitinisitprolongperiodtotransmitpower,isitenterdormancyafterthe1toreduceTstoprove.ActasTs-1=0,thecoursewhichwaitedfor30sthatshouldenterandloseelectricalpower.JustwhenTsdecreasesprogressivelyto0,makeitisitindicatetowaitfornottoloseelectricalpowerTd=1500.Whentheprocedureisrestoredtothethronebeginningagain,measuretoTs=0butTd*0,isitisitisittransmitpowertotrytocrossalreadytoindicate,atisitwaitforthecourseof30stoloseelectricalpowernow.Inthisway,thewholeprocessistransmittedeachotherbysuchtheseparametersasTr,Td,Tsetc,goonstepbystep.Result:ConclusionAnti-interferenceisanimportantprobleminanelectronicdesign,especiallyImportantintheone-chipcomputer.Thisisbecausetheone-chipcomputerhasprocedurestorunparticularitythatflies,theconsequencethatitisinterferedmaybethesystemhalted,maysendoutvariouskindsofmistakesorillegalmovementsbeforethesystemhaltedtoo,makethewholesystemproducethemortalitymistake.So,onlyguaranteeitisnotenoughyetforone-chipcomputernottocrash,studyhowtoreducetheriskinterfered,itcanbefault-toieranthowisitafterandmakemistakes.Thistextisitactassomeexplorationfromtwothesetotryhard,hopetheseelementaryopinionscanplaysomefunctionofcastingabricktoattractjade,helpfultoeverybody;Hopetooeverycolleagueexploretogether,improveourdesignleveltogether.單片機(jī)即單片微型計算機(jī)，是把中央處理器、存儲器、定時/計數(shù)器、輸入輸出接口都集成在一塊集成電路芯片上的微型計算機(jī)。與應(yīng)用在個人電腦中的通用型微處理器相比，它更強(qiáng)調(diào)自供應(yīng)（不用外接硬件）和節(jié)約成本。它的最大優(yōu)點是體積小，可放在儀表內(nèi)部，但存儲量小，輸入輸出接口簡單，功能較低。由于其發(fā)展非常迅速，舊的單片機(jī)的定義已不能滿足，所以在很多應(yīng)用場合被稱為范圍更廣的微控制器，但是目前在中國大陸仍多沿用“單片機(jī)”的稱呼。絕大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在的單片機(jī)都是基于馮?諾伊曼結(jié)構(gòu)的，這種結(jié)構(gòu)清楚地定義了嵌入式系統(tǒng)所必需的四個基本部分：一個中央處理器核心，程序存儲器（只讀存儲器或者閃存）、數(shù)據(jù)存儲器（隨機(jī)存儲器），一個或者更多的定時/計時器，還有用來與外圍設(shè)備以及擴(kuò)展資源進(jìn)行通信的輸入/輸出端口——所有這些都被集成在單個集成電路芯片上。說單片機(jī)與通用型中央處理單元芯片不同是因為前者一般很容易配合最小型的外部支持芯片制成工作計算機(jī)。這樣就可以很容易的把單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)植入裝置內(nèi)部來控制裝置了。近年來為了在指令和數(shù)據(jù)上使用不同的字寬，并提高處理器流水線速度，哈佛結(jié)構(gòu)在微控制器和DSP也逐漸得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。傳統(tǒng)的微處理器是不允許這么做的。它要完成單片機(jī)的工作，就必須連接一些其他芯片。比如說，因為片上沒有數(shù)據(jù)存儲器，就必須要添加一些RAM的存儲芯片，雖然所添加存儲器的容量很靈活，但是至少還是要添加，另外還需要添加很多連線來傳遞芯片之間的數(shù)據(jù)。比如，一個典型的微控制器只需要一個時鐘發(fā)生器和很少的RAM和ROM（或者EPROM,E2PROM）就可以在軟件和晶振下工作了。同時，微控制器具有豐富的輸入輸出設(shè)備，像是模擬數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換（ADC），定時器，串口或者其他串行通訊接口(比如I2C,串行外圍接口(SPI),控制器局域網(wǎng))。通常，這些繼承在內(nèi)部的設(shè)備可以通過特殊的指令來操作。摘要：介紹了一種使用休眠，復(fù)位的運(yùn)作方式，提高了單芯片電腦的抗干擾能力的方法，分析了其應(yīng)用范圍，提供和使用的具體電路，結(jié)合實例，根據(jù)這些分析的一種運(yùn)作方式的硬件和軟件設(shè)計的特點。關(guān)鍵字：單片機(jī)復(fù)位/休眠抗干擾簡介：隨著在微電子技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，在單片機(jī)的性能迅速提高，充分展示了高速發(fā)展的運(yùn)作，邏輯控制，智能方面所取代，突出優(yōu)勢，擴(kuò)大了該電路組成，控制電路通過測量數(shù)字邏輯電路，操作本來在很大程度上，使用非常廣泛存在。但是，由于它具有系統(tǒng)停止，程序運(yùn)行等關(guān)鍵飛行的缺陷，使之限制在一個重要應(yīng)用的場合很多。一種技術(shù)在防干擾很多，例如設(shè)立了軟件陷阱，添加看守在狗的門電路等，可以使這個問題比較好的解決，但仍然存在的問題：①看門狗平均和出現(xiàn)的錯誤已經(jīng)和運(yùn)行一段時間，這不是在某些情況下允許;②程序出現(xiàn)循環(huán)錯誤很有時，只是看門狗控制環(huán)節(jié)，包括進(jìn)入，通過和防范作為這樣一個錯誤的狗無法分辨門;在測量和控制系統(tǒng)之間的長周期③，單芯片計算機(jī)花等周邊硬件的大量時間，也將受到干擾時進(jìn)行，并等待秩序。對于這些情況，我們曾試圖復(fù)位自愿的方法在實踐中，采用等或復(fù)位交替脈沖醒來根據(jù)外部條件，一個芯片的電腦?；謴?fù)后的寶座每次，單片機(jī)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的程序，輸入完畢后及時進(jìn)行任務(wù)休眠，等待復(fù)位。解決了上述問題以及與此法，并已得到改善，農(nóng)業(yè)綜合保護(hù)電壓互感器的實驗結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在51系列為例，進(jìn)入具體的原則和實施方法復(fù)位，作為高層次的信號，探測單芯片計算機(jī)。1原則和實施方法復(fù)位定期無條件的法律使用定時器，專用時鐘芯片或其它脈沖發(fā)生器，產(chǎn)生的信號復(fù)位，定期根據(jù)間隔設(shè)定。這種方法尤其適合用于測量儀器。在沒有實際運(yùn)行，樣品中與A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的模擬量往往介紹，然后將其存儲顯示。這當(dāng)然是非?？斓?，但對于閱讀穩(wěn)定，每秒的數(shù)據(jù)只是提升1-2倍，有大量的CPU時間是等待使用。讓CPU的執(zhí)行任務(wù)，并直接進(jìn)入休眠后，恢復(fù)了外部世界的寶座，喚醒它進(jìn)行下一個操作，這是復(fù)位法律經(jīng)常通過這種方式可以使抗干擾能力大大加強(qiáng)，主要有2點：①。在休眠，程序停止運(yùn)行，可以顯示電腦的指標(biāo)，導(dǎo)致無序程序運(yùn)行和飛行。工作時間在休眠比例1:9，即1秒的時間有0.1s的測量使用，送顯示，有休眠時間0.9s，該過程的概率是干涉是1/10，而在運(yùn)行全速，全抗干擾能力提高10倍。②由于每1秒恢復(fù)一次無條件的寶座，一旦停止工作期間提出的制度，一定能夠復(fù)位時恢復(fù)到下一次。至于唯一的工具，展示，閱讀一些錯誤，1秒，沒有出現(xiàn)意外的下一次測量的記憶，是可以承受的，屬于“通行證”的錯誤。這種復(fù)位的把關(guān)，定期對狗的電路優(yōu)勢，首先，改變等待進(jìn)入休眠狀態(tài)的時間，時間縮短，可能會受到干擾，二是避免死循環(huán)。2外部條件是復(fù)位有些來接口是由外部控制。例如，在炎熱的形式。加熱，旋轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生的脈沖，并計算熱水水輪熱量，沒有熱水流動，沒有熱量導(dǎo)出，只需要在CPU的事實使數(shù)值，不需要計數(shù)。可以想像熱水水輪旋轉(zhuǎn)時停車溫暖，它是將CPU的閑置會是一個秋天的季節(jié)春天和夏天，如果允許其休眠，測量脈搏，不斷有水車輪，抗干擾能力可以大大加強(qiáng)。因此，只要連接起來，恢復(fù)到水車輪和CPU脈沖寶座，水車輪轉(zhuǎn)動一圈，每次CPU是復(fù)位后，熱的形式?？梢哉９ぷ鳎@是復(fù)位的法律的外部條件。類似的應(yīng)用程序有一半的電子電度表，去一項就在車輪和機(jī)械程度轉(zhuǎn)移到一個圓圈，用戶不需要電力，CPU已經(jīng)知道所有的休眠時間。在恢復(fù)到在間隔不進(jìn)行定期的寶座，但據(jù)證實了該方法的外部條件。在某些情況下，這些休眠時間會很長，很有效的提高抗干擾能力。2。 硬件實現(xiàn)的主要問題復(fù)位定期無條件一般有2種方法。①使用時鐘信號或?qū)Ｓ眯酒瑫r鐘復(fù)位。圖1，為了使用定時電路，555電路構(gòu)成，可以使用X1126，時鐘芯片等也醒來后設(shè)立預(yù)警時間報警信號處理器了。這種方法適用于長間隔時作出，也可以按照這個操作的結(jié)果，確定