遼寧省沈文新高考研究聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月月考英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

第1頁(yè)/共1頁(yè)2024-2025(上)10月月度質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)高三英語(yǔ)本試卷滿分150分考試時(shí)間150分鐘第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié))做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whenwillthemovieend?A.At8:00.B.At10:00.C.At10:30.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:I’llpickyouuparound7:30.Themoviestartsat8:00W:Thewhataboutthegathering?M:Themovielaststwohours,andthegatheringbeginsat10:302.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoestheclubneed?A.Adrum.B.Aviolin.C.Two

pianos.【答案】C【解析】【詳解】M:Whatareyouthinkingabout?W:Iwanttojointheschoolmusicclub.Themusicteachersaidmanystudentshadpickedviolinandsheonlyneededtwomorepianos.ButIlikethedrum.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whydoesthemanfeelsorryforthewoman?A.Hermotherwasill.B.ShefailedtomeetEmma.C.Shemissedthepicnic.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:That’smyfriendEnmaoverthere.Didn’tyougetachancetomeetheratthepicniclastmonth?W:IwishIcouldhave,butIwastakingcareofmymotherthen.Shewasn’tfeelingwell.M:I’msosorrytohearthat.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredidthewomanprobablyplayfootball?A.Intheyard.B.Inthepark.C.Inthestreet.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:We’resosorry,uncle.I’veneverthoughtthattheballwouldhitthewindowintheyard.M:Haven’tItoldyounottoplayinthestreet?W:We’rereallysorry.We’llgototheparknightnow.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】What’stheconversationmainlyabout?A.Repairingacar.B.Handlinganaccident.C.Improvingdrivingskills.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:I’mverysorry,sir.I’llpayforthedamages.M:Ihopeyouwilldrivemorecarefullyinthefuture.W:Iwill.Pleasesendmethebillfortherepairsassoonaspossible.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.WhatdoesRonthinkofhiscookingability?A.Basic.B.Creative.C.Expert.7.WhydoesRonprefergrilling?A.Itissimple.B.Itisdoneoutside.C.Itproducestastyfood.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Ron.Canyoucook?M:Iwouldn’tsayI’machef,butIdocook,Icaneatanything,soIdon’ttryveryhardtomakeittastegood.W:Whatdoyouliketocook?M:Iliketobarbecueoutsideonthegrill.W:Whatdoyouputonyourbarbecue?M:Mostlymeat.Ikeepthespicessimple,justsaltandpepper.It’samazinghowthesebasicflavorscanenhancethetaste,especiallycomparedtosteamingorstewing.W:Thatsoundsgreat,Ican’twaittotryitsometime.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whatanimaldoesthewomanprobablyprefer?A.Rabbits.B.Snakes.C.Parrots.9.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthezoo.B.Inapetshop.C.Inananimalshelter.10.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Gohome.B.Haveaparty.C.Stayhere.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:Wow,lookatallthesnakes.M:Yes,somanydifferenttypes,IliketoseethemwhenIcomehere.W:Oh,listen!Icanhearbirdssingingsomewhere.M:Yes.Theyhaveparrotsandotherbirds.W:TheyareallgoodbutIlikesoft,andfurryanimalsthebest.M:Theyhavedogs,cats,rabbitsandothers.W:Great.M:Bytheway,Ihavetobuysomefoodformydoghereandthengohome.W:I’mimpressedwiththeanimalsandwanttohaveagoodlook.M:Absolutely,takeyourtime.Rememberthepartytonight.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.WhatworriesClare?A.Takingacourse.B.Havinganexam.C.Makingnotes.12.Whatistheman’sviewonthenotes?A.Theyarequiteformal.B.Theyareperfectlycomplete.C.Theyareunnecessarilylong.13.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Usesymbols.B.Improvememory.C.Rememberkeyterms.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【解析】【原文】M:What’sthematter,Clare?W:I’vegotahistoryexamonFriday,andI’mworriedI’llfailit.M:Why?You’rebrilliantathistory.W:Yes.ButlookattheamountofinformationIneedtoremember.Thesearemynotesfromtoday.M:Thesearen’tnotes!Theselookmorelikeafulltext.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Youdon’tneedtocopyeverythingwordforword.“Notes”shouldbebrief,focusingonkeytermsandconcepts.Youcanconsiderdrawingsymbols,theycanbereallyeffectivememoryaidsandyoudon’tneedtowritesomanywordsW:That’sagreatidea!聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.WhathappenedtoLauraintheSouthPole?A.Herfingersgothurt.B.Herglassesbroke.C.Somestoriesfrightenedher.15.WhywasthetriptoAustraliatheworstone?A.Thelaptopwasstolen.B.Theownerfailedhisduty.C.Thepolicewereunprofessional.16.HowdoesLauraspendanormalholiday?A.Byreadingalot.B.Bylearningboatriding.C.Byenjoyingherselfleisurely.17.WhatisLaura’snextplan?A.Goingtoislands.B.Gettingmarried.C.Climbingamountain.【答案】14.B15.A16.C17.A【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Laura,welcome!So,youmaketelevisionprogrammesabouttravel.Howoftenareyouawayfromhome?W:Alot,Lastsummer,IwasawayalmosteverySaturdayandSundayforabouttwomonths.M:Whichisthecoldestplaceyou’veevertravelledto?W:TheSouthPole.BeforeIwent,Iheardlotsofbadstoriesaboutpeoplelosingtheirfingersandtoes.Luckily,thatdidn’thappentomebutmyglassesdidbreak!M:Andwhatwasyourworsttrip?W:Oh,Australia.WhenIgotbacktomyhotel,thedoorwasopenandmylaptopwasmissing!Theowneractedveryquickly,tellingmethepolicewouldhandleeverything.Despitetheirbesteffortstoinvestigate,unfortunately,mylaptopwasneverrecoveredM:I’msorrytohearthat.Andyourfavoritetrip?W:Turkey.Idrovetothesea.M:Whatisanormalholidayforyouwhenyouarenotworking?W:Um..Iprefertositbythepoolwithabook,goforawalkinalocalpark,orhaveagentleboatrideonalake.Itisgreatnottobebusy!M:Whereareyougoingnext?W:I’mgoingtoBarbados.Myfriend’sgettingmarriedthere,soI’mgoingtovisitsomeoftheotherislandsinthearea,too,I’dalsolovetogotothemountains,butIwon’thaveanytime.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】18.Wheredidthespeakerusetoliveasachild?A.Inthecity.B.Inavillage.C.Inthetown.19.Whatdoesthespeakerdo?A.Sheisawriter.B.Sheisaneditor.C.Sheisavillageofficial.20.Whydoesthespeakergobacktothetree?A.Todisplayhersuccess.B.Togetinspiration.C.Toshowherregret.【答案】18.B19.A20.B【解析】【原文】W:It’sbeenaroundformorethan200years,standingattheentrancetomyvillage.Theoldtreeissobigthatittakestwopeopletohugitproperly.WhenIwasakidheadingtoschoolintown,I’dwalkpastiteveryday,Backthen,Iwastooworriedaboutstayingfedandwarmtothinkmuchofit,itwasjustatree,asordinaryasanyrockonthesideoftheroad.Thenafteryearsofhardstudy,waitingformycollegeletter,Ifoundmyselfstaringatthattree,hopingforgoodnews.Dayspassedwhenitfeltlike,somehow,thistreeandIhadbuiltupthisbond,thisfriendship.Andguesswhat?Thelettercame.WhenIwenttothecityforcollegethatSeptember,walkingpastthattreehitmehard.Ilookedback,andthroughitsbranches,Icouldseemyhome,myfamilywavinggoodbye.FastforwardtowhenIwas21,Iusedtoworkinavillage.ThereweretimesIjustfelttheurgetoseethattreeandmyfamily,soI’dwalkthosethirtykilometersofmountainroads,Andyouknowwhat?AsIgotintowriting,thattreefounditswayintomystories,Iamsuccessful.However,whenIfindmyselfstuckinmywriting,Iwillgobacktoseeit.It’sfortunatehowatreeIoncepassedwithoutasecondthoughthasbecomesuchabigpartofmylife.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWanttoknowalltheins-and-outsregardingtheParis2024Olympics?Thenyou’vecometotherightplace!BelowyouwillfindalltheinformationaboutthenewOlympicsports.OlympicskateboardingWhowillfollowinthefootstepsofMomijiNishiya,thefirstOlympicskateboardingchampion,whowascrownedatthelastGamesattheageof13?TheanswerwillberevealedinParisthissummer.Speed,technique,masteryoftheboardwillberequiredtosuccessfullyperformthemostbeautifultricks.OlympicsportsclimbingWithitssecondtimeenteringtheOlympics,sportsclimbinghasthreebranches:Speed,Bouldering(抱石攀巖)andLead.Speedisallaboutthespeedofclimbing.BoulderingisallaboutclimbingaboulderonawallandLeadrequiresathletestoclimbadifficultroute20metershigh.OlympicsurfingTheOlympicswillbeheldinParis,butwhataboutOlympicsurfing?Thereisonevenue(場(chǎng)地)thatisliterallyontheothersideoftheworld.ThelocationTeahupoo,ontheislandofTahiti,iswhereOlympicsurfingwilltakeplace.ThisislandispartofFrenchPolynesia,betweenAustraliaandSouthAmerica.OlympicbreakdancingBreakdancingisthenewOlympicsportthatwillmakeitsfirstappearanceinParis2024.Howtoestablishagradingsystemwithouttakingawaytheartisticfreedomatthesametime?Thepointsshouldbebasedoncreativityandmusicality,agrayareathatdependsalotonfeelingandthushasalotofsubjectivitytoit.Lookingforahandylistofallsports?Clickhere!ThroughoutParisthereareallkindsofstadiumsandarenas(競(jìng)技場(chǎng))wheresportingeventsareheld.NotonlyParisitself,butalsothesurroundingsuburbsofthecapitalofFrancesetthestagefortheOlympicGames!21.WhichsportisenteringtheOlympicsforthefirsttimeinParis2024?A.Olympicskateboarding. B.Olympicsportsclimbing.C.Olympicsurfing. D.Olympicbreakdancing.22.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A.Olympicskateboardingrequiresahighlevelofphysicalstrength.B.ThreebranchesofOlympicsportsclimbingevaluatevarioussidesofskills.C.AlltheabovefourOlympiceventswillbeheldinParis.D.ThescoringofOlympicbreakdancingishighlyobjective.23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Asportswebsite. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Atravelbrochure. D.AnOlympicnewsreport.【答案】21.D22.B23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文體裁為應(yīng)用文。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰地介紹了2024年巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)中新增的幾個(gè)體育項(xiàng)目，包括奧運(yùn)滑板、攀巖、沖浪和霹靂舞，提供了每個(gè)項(xiàng)目的基本規(guī)則、特點(diǎn)及注意事項(xiàng)等信息，旨在為讀者提供關(guān)于巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)的新項(xiàng)目概況。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章Olympicbreakdancing部分中“BreakdancingisthenewOlympicsportthatwillmakeitsfirstappearanceinParis2024(霹靂舞是新的奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目，將在2024年巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)上首次亮相。)”可知，奧運(yùn)霹靂舞將在2024年巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)上首次亮相。故選D?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章Olympicsportsclimbing部分“WithitssecondtimeenteringtheOlympics,sportsclimbinghasthreebranches:Speed,Bouldering(抱石攀巖)andLead.Speedisallaboutthespeedofclimbing.BoulderingisallaboutclimbingaboulderonawallandLeadrequiresathletestoclimbadifficultroute20metershigh.(第二次進(jìn)入奧運(yùn)會(huì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)攀巖有三個(gè)分支：速度攀巖、抱石攀巖和難度攀巖。速度與攀巖的速度有關(guān)。抱石就是在墻上爬一塊巨石，而難度攀巖則要求運(yùn)動(dòng)員爬一條20米高的高難度路線。)”可知，攀巖運(yùn)動(dòng)有三個(gè)項(xiàng)目：速度攀巖、抱石攀巖和難度攀巖，分別評(píng)估了攀巖速度、技巧和難度等多方面的技能。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Wanttoknowalltheins-and-outsregardingtheParis2024Olympics?Thenyou’vecometotherightplace!BelowyouwillfindalltheinformationaboutthenewOlympicsports.(想知道關(guān)于2024年巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)的所有細(xì)節(jié)嗎？那你來(lái)對(duì)地方了！下面你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)所有關(guān)于新奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目的信息。)”可知，該文主要介紹了2024年巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)中的新項(xiàng)目，包括滑板、攀巖、沖浪和霹靂舞等，提供了這些項(xiàng)目的具體信息。這顯然是與體育賽事相關(guān)的介紹，因此最有可能來(lái)源于一個(gè)體育網(wǎng)站。故選A。BEva,theBelgianMalinois,ishomenow,gettingawell-deservedrestsurroundedbynewtoysafternearlydyingwhileprotectingherhumanfromamountainlion.TheattackhappenedonMay16innorthernCaliforniawhen24-year-oldErinWilsonheadeddownapathtowardtheTrinityRiverbeforeshefoundherselfcorneredbyamountainlion.“Iwasjustwalkingdowntheslopewiththedogrunningaheadof’me.Iturnedaroundandtherewasthiscatjustgrowlingatmeanditattackedme,”WilsontoldNPR.“IscreamedforEvaandshecamerunning.”Mountainlionattacksonhumansareincrediblyrare.Since1890,Californiahasrecordedonlysixfatalmountainlionattacksbecauseoftheanimal’sgenerallyshy,reclusive(獨(dú)處的)nature.Theirpreferredpreyisdeer,whicharenormallyinabundanceintheirforestedhabitat,butrecentdroughtconditionshavemadefoodscarceinsomeareas.Wilsonthoughtthattheseconditionsmadethesuddenappearanceofaslimwomanlooklikeanattractiveoption.Toprotectherhuman,EvaleaptbetweenWilsonandthelion,tacklingthewildcatandembarkedonalife-and-deathstrugglebetweenthetwoanimals.Afterashortfight,themountainliongotitsjawsaroundEva’sheadandWilsonfoughttofreeherdog.hittingthelionwithrocksinanattempttobreakitsgrip.Eventually,WilsonranbacktohertruckandflaggeddownpassingmotoristSharonHoustonFetchinganironbarfromhertruck.WilsonandHoustonranbackdownthetrailandtheircombinedeffortsmanagedtofrightenthebigcatoff.Woundedherselfandshakenbytheexperience,WilsonstillmanagedtocarryEvabacktotheAnimalHospital.The2-year-olddogdidn’tneedsurgery,butherwoundswerestillextensive.EvalefttheanimalhospitalonMay19withsurgicaltapewrappedaroundbothherfrontpaws,andtheveterinariansaidshemightlosesightinherlefteye.24.WhatmadeErinWilsonthetargetofthemountainlion?A.Theabundantdeerintheirforestedhabitat.B.Thelackofpreyduetoextremeconditions.CThemountainlion’sshyandreclusivenature.DTheslimandattractiveappearanceofWilson.25.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkedon”meaninparagraph4?A.Proceededwith. B.Dawnedon. C.Wrappedup. D.Kickedoff26.HowdidWilsondrivethemountainlionoff?A.Shefreedadogandthrewrocksatitfiercely.B.Shestoppedapassingdriverandbrokeitsgrip.C.Shegatheredlocalpeopleandshoutedloudlyatit.D.Sheusedatoolandscareditawaywithanotherdriver.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeEvaaccordingtothepassage?A.Heroicandloyal. B.Obedientandadorable.C.Friendlyanddependable. D.Courageousandnaughty.【答案】24.B25.D26.D27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一只勇敢的狗Eva在山獅襲擊主人時(shí)勇敢保護(hù)主人的故事?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theirpreferredpreyisdeer,whicharenormallyinabundanceintheirforestedhabitat,butrecentdroughtconditionshavemadefoodscarceinsomeareas.Wilsonthoughtthattheseconditionsmadethesuddenappearanceofaslimwomanlooklikeanattractiveoption.(它們最喜歡的獵物是鹿，通常在它們的森林棲息地有大量的鹿，但最近的干旱使一些地區(qū)的食物短缺。Wilson認(rèn)為，這些條件使得一個(gè)突然出現(xiàn)的苗條女人看起來(lái)是一個(gè)有吸引力的選擇。)”可知，ErinWilson認(rèn)為自己成為山獅的目標(biāo)是因?yàn)樽罱母珊凳巩?dāng)?shù)芈箻O度缺乏。故選B?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前的“Toprotectherhuman,EvaleaptbetweenWilsonandthelion,tacklingthewildcat(Eva跳到了Wilson和獅子之間，抓住了獅子，)”以及空后的“alife-and-deathstrugglebetweenthetwoanimals.(兩只動(dòng)物之間的生死搏斗。)”可推測(cè)，兩只動(dòng)物之間開始了生死搏斗。選項(xiàng)A“Proceededwith(繼續(xù))”；選項(xiàng)B“Dawnedon(開始理解)”；選項(xiàng)C“Wrappedup(包裝)”；選項(xiàng)D“Kickedoff(開始)”。故選D?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Afterashortfight,themountainliongotitsjawsaroundEva’sheadandWilsonfoughttofreeherdog.hittingthelionwithrocksinanattempttobreakitsgrip.Eventually,WilsonranbacktohertruckandflaggeddownpassingmotoristSharonHoustonFetchinganironbarfromhertruck.WilsonandHoustonranbackdownthetrailandtheircombinedeffortsmanagedtofrightenthebigcatoff.(經(jīng)過(guò)短暫的搏斗，山獅咬住了Eva的頭，Wilson奮力解救了她的狗。用石頭砸獅子，試圖掙脫它的束縛。最后，Wilson跑回她的卡車，示意路過(guò)的司機(jī)SharonHouston停下來(lái)，從她的卡車上取下一根鐵棒。Wilson和Houston沿著小路跑回去，她們的共同努力成功地把這只山獅嚇跑了。)”可知，Wilson使用了石頭砸獅子，然后從一個(gè)過(guò)路的司機(jī)Houston的車上取下一根鐵棒，一起嚇跑了山獅。故選D?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“WilsontoldNPR.“IscreamedforEvaandshecamerunning.”(Wilson告訴NPR。“我尖叫著喊Eva，她就跑過(guò)來(lái)了?！?”以及文章第四段“Toprotectherhuman,EvaleaptbetweenWilsonandthelion,tacklingthewildcatandembarkedonalife-and-deathstrugglebetweenthetwoanimals.(為了保護(hù)她的主人，Eva跳到了Wilson和獅子之間，抓住了獅子，開始了兩只動(dòng)物之間的生死搏斗。)”可知，Eva忠誠(chéng)且勇敢。故選A。CWhencaughtintherain,wehaveallrunforcover—oftentoanearbytree.Ontheway,westepovershort-livedpuddlesandhastilyformedstreams,marvelingathowquicklythesoilchangesfromsupportiveandpredictabletountrustworthy:slippery,soft,andspongy.Atfirstchancewetendtoflee,skippingfurtherobservation.Giventhatdirectobservationsareoftenimpracticable,remoteobservationsystemsarecrucialforcapturingphenomenathatarefrequentandunpredictable.However,theBimbachecommunityofElHierroobservedwaterrunningdowntreebarkduringfogeventsandcaptureditforlifeandagriculturein1764.Ifmorecontemporaryhydrologists(水文學(xué)家)hadwatchedfogbytrees,forestmanagersmaynothaveloggedtheBullRunWatershed,whichreducedlocalrainfallby30%in1982.Watersciencefacescriticismbecauseofa“technooptimismthattriestosolveallproblems”.Infact,thisissueextendsbeyondwaterscience.AninterdisciplinaryresearchteamledbyJohnT.VanStanfromClevelandStateUniversityarguesthatscientistsshouldgobeyondthelaboratorytodirectlyobserveweatherphenomena.Theresearchersinsistthathands-onobservationofstormeventsiscrucialforcomprehendingthecomplexitiesofwetweather.“Naturalscientistsseemincreasinglycontenttostaydryandrelyonremotesensorsandsamplers,models,andvirtualexperimentstounderstandnaturalsystems.Consequently,wecanmissimportantstormyphenomena,imaginativeinspirations,andopportunitiestobuildintuition—allofwhicharecriticaltoscientificprogress,”saidVanStan’steam.Thistypeof“umbrellascience”,theywarn,canmissimportantlocalizedevents.Forinstance,indescribingrainwater’sflowfromtheforesttreetopstothesoils,theauthorsnotethat“ifseveralbranchesefficientlycaptureandcarrystormwaterstothestem,rainwaterinputstonear-stemsoilscanbemorethan100timesgreater.”Likewise,watervapor(水蒸氣)cloudstrappedbeneathforesttreetopcoversmayescaperemotedetection,yetbesensitivetoscientistsontheground.Atthebroaderscale,theseoversightscanaffectGroundEarthsystemsmodels,whichoftenunderestimateforesttreetopwaterstorage.Directobservation,however,hasgonebeyondmakingupfortheshortcomingsof“umbrellascience.”VanStanandcolleaguesseecorevalueinfirsthandstormexperiences—notonlyfornaturalscientists,butalsostudentsstudyingclimatechangeimpactsonecosystems.28.Howdopeopletendtoreacttorain?A.Inadefensivemanner. B.Inascientificmanner.C.Withawait-and-seeattitude. D.Withanobservation-orientedattitude.29.Whyaretheexamplesinparagraph2used?A.Toarguethatdirectobservationsareunachievable.B.Toprovethatdistanceobservationsystemsmakesense.C.Tojustifydirectobservationthatisassumedunworkable.D.Tojokeabouttechnooptimismthatfailstosolveallproblem.30.WhatdoesVanStan’sresearchteamargueintermsofhands-onobservation?A.Itiseffortlessandprecise. B.Itisvirtualandaccepted.C.Itiscomplexyettime-saving. D.Itiscrucialyetoverlooked31.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Thegroundsofstartingtheresearch.B.Thescientificvaluesofconductingtheresearch.C.Thestrengthsoftheresearchforeco-majorlearners.D.Theexpertevaluationsoftheresearchacrossdisciplines.【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要討論了直接觀察自然現(xiàn)象的重要性，特別是在水文學(xué)領(lǐng)域?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whencaughtintherain,wehaveallrunforcover—oftentoanearbytree.Ontheway,westepovershort-livedpuddlesandhastilyformedstreams,marvelingathowquicklythesoilchangesfromsupportiveandpredictabletountrustworthy:slippery,soft,andspongy.Atfirstchancewetendtoflee,skippingfurtherobservation.(下雨的時(shí)候，我們都會(huì)跑去躲雨——通常是跑到附近的一棵樹上。在路上，我們跨過(guò)短暫的水坑和倉(cāng)促形成的溪流，驚嘆于土壤是如何迅速地從支持和可預(yù)測(cè)變成不可靠的：滑，軟，海綿狀。一有機(jī)會(huì)，我們往往會(huì)逃跑，跳過(guò)進(jìn)一步的觀察。)”可知，面對(duì)下雨，人們通常會(huì)以防御的方式躲雨。故選A。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Giventhatdirectobservationsareoftenimpracticable,remoteobservationsystemsarecrucialforcapturingphenomenathatarefrequentandunpredictable.However,theBimbachecommunityofElHierroobservedwaterrunningdowntreebarkduringfogeventsandcaptureditforlifeandagriculturein1764.Ifmorecontemporaryhydrologists(水文學(xué)家)hadwatchedfogbytrees,forestmanagersmaynothaveloggedtheBullRunWatershed,whichreducedlocalrainfallby30%in1982.(鑒于直接觀測(cè)往往不可行，遠(yuǎn)程觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)對(duì)于捕捉頻繁和不可預(yù)測(cè)的現(xiàn)象至關(guān)重要。然而，ElHierro的Bimbache社區(qū)在霧事件期間觀察到水從樹上流下，并在1764年將其捕獲用于生活和農(nóng)業(yè)。如果當(dāng)時(shí)更多的水文學(xué)家能觀察到樹下的霧，森林管理者可能就不會(huì)砍伐布爾朗流域的樹木了。布爾朗流域在1982年使當(dāng)?shù)氐慕涤炅繙p少了30%。)”可知，作者在第二段使用例子是為了告訴讀者，為了證明直接觀察是不可行的。故選C。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AninterdisciplinaryresearchteamledbyJohnT.VanStanfromClevelandStateUniversityarguesthatscientistsshouldgobeyondthelaboratorytodirectlyobserveweatherphenomena.Theresearchersinsistthathands-onobservationofstormeventsiscrucialforcomprehendingthecomplexitiesofwetweather.(克利夫蘭州立大學(xué)的JohnT.VanStan領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)跨學(xué)科研究小組認(rèn)為，科學(xué)家應(yīng)該走出實(shí)驗(yàn)室，直接觀察天氣現(xiàn)象。研究人員堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，親自觀察風(fēng)暴事件對(duì)于理解潮濕天氣的復(fù)雜性至關(guān)重要。)”以及第四段““Naturalscientistsseemincreasinglycontenttostaydryandrelyonremotesensorsandsamplers,models,andvirtualexperimentstounderstandnaturalsystems.Consequently,wecanmissimportantstormyphenomena,imaginativeinspirations,andopportunitiestobuildintuition—allofwhicharecriticaltoscientificprogress,”saidVanStan’steam.(“自然科學(xué)家似乎越來(lái)越滿足于保持干燥，依靠遠(yuǎn)程傳感器和采樣器、模型和虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)了解自然系統(tǒng)。因此，我們可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)重要的風(fēng)暴現(xiàn)象、富有想象力的靈感和建立直覺(jué)的機(jī)會(huì)——所有這些對(duì)科學(xué)進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要，”VanStan的團(tuán)隊(duì)說(shuō)。)”可知，VanStan的研究小組認(rèn)為實(shí)際觀察對(duì)于理解潮濕天氣的復(fù)雜性至關(guān)重要，但是自然科學(xué)家似乎越來(lái)越滿足于保持干燥，依靠遠(yuǎn)程傳感器和采樣器、模型和虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)了解自然系統(tǒng)。故選D。公眾號(hào)：高中試卷君【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Directobservation,however,hasgonebeyondmakingupfortheshortcomingsof“umbrellascience.”VanStanandcolleaguesseecorevalueinfirsthandstormexperiences—notonlyfornaturalscientists,butalsostudentsstudyingclimatechangeimpactsonecosystems.(然而，直接觀察已經(jīng)超越了彌補(bǔ)“傘科學(xué)”的缺陷。VanStan和他的同事看到了第一手風(fēng)暴經(jīng)驗(yàn)的核心價(jià)值——不僅對(duì)自然科學(xué)家，而且對(duì)研究氣候變化對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)影響的學(xué)生。)”可知，文章作者接下來(lái)會(huì)談?wù)摰谝皇诛L(fēng)暴經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)于對(duì)研究氣候變化對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)影響的學(xué)生和科學(xué)家的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選C。DImaginethis.YouneedanimageofaballoonforaworkpresentationandturntoanAItext-to-imagegeneratortocreateasuitableimage.Youentertheprompt(提示詞)“redballoonagainstabluesky”butthegeneratorreturnsanimageofanegginstead.What’sgoingon?Thegeneratoryou’reusingmayhavebeen“poisoned”.Whatdoesthismean?Text-to-imagegeneratorsworkbybeingtrainedonlargedatasetsthatincludemillionsorbillionsofimages.Someofthegeneratorshavebeentrainedbyindiscriminatelyscrapingonlineimages,manyofwhichmaybeundercopyright.Thishasledtomanycopyrightinfringement(侵害)caseswhereartistshaveaccusedbigtechcompaniesofstealingandprofitingfromtheirwork.Thisisalsowheretheideaof“poison”comesin.Researcherswhowanttoempowerindividualartistshaverecentlycreatedatoolnamed“Nightshade”tofightbackagainstunauthorisedimagescraping.Thetoolworksbyslightlyalteringanimage’spixels(像素)inawaythatconfusesthecomputervisionsystembutleavestheimageunalteredtoahuman’seyes.IfanorganizationthenscrapesoneoftheseimagestotrainafutureAImodel,itsdatapoolbecomes“poisoned”.Thiscanresultinmistakenlearning,whichmakesthegeneratorreturnunintendedresults.Asinourearlierexample,aballoonmightbecomeanegg.Thehigherthenumberof“poisoned”imagesinthetrainingdata,thegreatertheimpact.BecauseofhowgenerativeAIworks,thedamagefrom“poisoned”imagesalsoaffectsrelatedpromptkeywords.Possibly,toolslikeNightshadecanbeabusedbysomeuserstointentionallyupload“poisoned”imagesinordertoconfuseAIgenerators.ButtheNightshade’sdeveloperhopesthetoolwillmakebigtechcompaniesmorerespectfulofcopyright.Itdoeschallengeacommonbeliefamongcomputerscientiststhatdatafoundonlinecanbeusedforanypurposetheyseefit.Humanrightsactivists,forexample,havebeenconcernedforsometimeabouttheindiscriminateuseofmachinevisioninwidersociety.Thisconcernisparticularlyseriousconcerningfacialrecognition.Thereisaclearconnectionbetweenfacialrecognitioncasesanddatapoisoning,asbothrelatetolargerquestionsaroundtechnologicalgovernance.Itmaybebettertoseedatapoisoningasaninnovativesolutiontothedenialofsomefundamentalhumanrights.32.Theunderlinedword“scraping”(para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______.A.facilitating B.collecting C.damaging D.polishing33.Accordingtothepassage,addingpoisoneddatamight______.A.increasetheaccuracyofreturnedinformationB.leaduserstoforgetthepromptkeywordsC.causetroubletowiththetrainingofgenerativeAID.discriminateagainstgreatmasterpieces34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Datapoisoningissomehowjustifiedtodirectattentiontohumanrights.B.Computerscientistshaslearnedtorespectthecopyrightofmostartists.C.Nightshadeisbeingabusedbyhumanrightsactiviststorecognizefaces.D.Theissueoftechnologicalgovernancehasarousedthelawyers’interest,35.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.DataPoisoning:GovernmentEmpoweringCitizenstoProtectThemselvesB.DataPoisoning:AddressingFacialRecognitionIssuesAmongArtistsC.DataPoisoning:RisksandRewardsofGenerativeAIDataTrainingD.DataPoisoning:RestrictingInnovationorEmpoweringArtists【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了一種名為“Nightshade”的工具，該工具通過(guò)微妙地修改圖像的像素來(lái)混淆計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)，以此對(duì)抗未經(jīng)授權(quán)的圖像抓取，保護(hù)藝術(shù)家的版權(quán)，同時(shí)引發(fā)了對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)中毒現(xiàn)象及其對(duì)人工智能模型訓(xùn)練影響的討論。【32題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前面的句子“Text-to-imagegeneratorsworkbybeingtrainedonlargedatasetsthatincludemillionsorbillionsofimages.

(文本到圖像生成器是通過(guò)在包含數(shù)百萬(wàn)或數(shù)十億圖像的大型數(shù)據(jù)集上進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練來(lái)工作的。)”可知，生成器是通過(guò)對(duì)大型數(shù)據(jù)集進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練來(lái)工作的，這些大型數(shù)據(jù)集包含著數(shù)百萬(wàn)或者數(shù)十億圖像，由此推斷生成器是通過(guò)收集這些數(shù)百萬(wàn)或者數(shù)十億圖像進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練來(lái)工作的。同時(shí)根據(jù)第二段劃線詞后的“…onlineimages,manyofwhichmaybeundercopyright.Thishasledtomanycopyrightinfringement(侵害)caseswhereartistshaveaccusedbigtechcompaniesofstealingandprofitingfromtheirwork.(……在線圖片，其中許多可能是受版權(quán)保護(hù)的，這導(dǎo)致了許多侵犯版權(quán)的案件，藝術(shù)家們指責(zé)大型科技公司竊取他們的作品并從中獲利。)”可知，一些生成器是通過(guò)不加選擇地抓取在線圖像來(lái)訓(xùn)練的，其中許多圖像可能是受版權(quán)保護(hù)的，由此導(dǎo)致藝術(shù)家對(duì)大型科技公司進(jìn)行指責(zé)。由此可推理出劃線詞的含義為“收集”，故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thetoolworksbyslightlyalteringanimage’spixels(像素)inawaythatconfusesthecomputervisionsystembutleavestheimageunalteredtoahuman’seyes.IfanorganizationthenscrapesoneoftheseimagestotrainafutureAImodel,itsdatapoolbecomes“poisoned”.Thiscanresultinmistakenlearning,whichmakesthegeneratorreturnunintendedresults.(該工具通過(guò)以人類肉眼無(wú)法察覺(jué)、但能迷惑計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)方式，對(duì)圖像的像素進(jìn)行輕微修改。如果一個(gè)組織隨后抓取這些圖像來(lái)訓(xùn)練未來(lái)的AI模型，其數(shù)據(jù)池就會(huì)變得“中毒”。這可能導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的學(xué)習(xí)，使得生成器返回非預(yù)期的結(jié)果。)”可知，添加“中毒”數(shù)據(jù)可能干擾生成人工智能的訓(xùn)練，故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Possibly,toolslikeNightshadecanbeabusedbysomeuserstointentionallyupload“poisoned”imagesinordertoconfuseAIgenerators.ButtheNightshade’sdeveloperhopesthetoolwillmakebigtechcompaniesmorerespectfulofcopyright.

(可能的是，像Nightshade這樣的工具可以被一些用戶濫用，故意上傳“有毒”圖片以混淆AI生成器。但Nightshade的開發(fā)者希望這個(gè)工具能讓大型科技公司更加尊重版權(quán)。)”以及最后一段“Hu