高考英語真題分類匯編專題 語法填空(解析)

2016年高考試題分項解析之專題8語法填空1.【2016·全國新課標(biāo)I】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop____61_(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I_____62_（allow）togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe__63___(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback____64__mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,____65_IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__66___(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude____67_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.學(xué)科&網(wǎng)Onmyrecentvisit,Ihelpalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby_____68_(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew__69__(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,__70____otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.【答案】61.attraction62.wasallowed63.officially64.to65.when66.permitted67.introducing68.its69.days70.the65.when考查定語從句。后面是非限制性定語從句，從句缺少狀語，因為先行詞是時間，故填when。66.permitted考查過去分詞。被修飾的名詞和permit之間是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。67.introducing考查動名詞。介詞后面應(yīng)該用動名詞形式。68.its考查代詞。修飾名詞用形容詞性的物主代詞，故填its。69.days考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Few修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞?！練w納總結(jié)】修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞的詞和短語包括：many,few,afew,several,anumberof,hundredsof等。修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞和短語包括：much,alittle,little,abitof等。既能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞和短語包括：more,such,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,aquantityof,quantitiesof等。70.the考查冠詞。固定短語：one…theother“一個……另一個”?？键c：語法填空【歸納總結(jié)】語法填空題的考查范圍：動詞（時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、非謂語形式）、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、數(shù)詞，連詞，固定搭配、情態(tài)動詞、復(fù)合句、形容詞和副詞的比較級最高級及構(gòu)詞法、倒裝、虛擬語氣，省略、強調(diào)等。如：63題是考查副詞；68題考查代詞；69題考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)；70題考查冠詞等。解題策略：1.略讀理解—分析填空—連貫檢查（語法正確、語意連貫、拼寫正確、書寫規(guī)范、大小寫準(zhǔn)確）2.了解語法、詞法、句法、章法和慣用法。2.【2016·全國新課標(biāo)II】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseof41(great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof42(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow43(be)oftenacceptable.Mostofusaremorefocused44ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive45possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.Recent46(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks47(regular).Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor48while,exercising,ordongsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely49(bring)yourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything-gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,50(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.【答案】41.greater42.achievement43.is44.on45.as46.studies47.regularly48.a49.tobring50.make41.greater考查比較級。本空所填之詞和比較級less是并列關(guān)系，使用相同的比較級形式greater。42.achievement考查名詞。橫線前面有介詞of，橫線上要使用名詞achievement作為of的賓語。句意：首先處理重要的事情，那么你會有成就感。47.regualrly考查副詞。在英語副詞通常做狀語修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞，形容詞通常在句中做定語或表語修飾名詞。所以本句中使用副詞regularly做狀語修飾動詞takeshortbreaks。48.a考查固定短語。介詞短語forawhile一會；本句是指通過鍛煉或做一些你喜歡的事情，讓你的身體和思維休息一會。49.tobring考查形容詞短語。形容詞短語belikelytodosth可能做某事；你就不太可能把工作帶回家去做，因為你找到了你喜歡做的事情。50.make考查祈使句。本句中動詞短語makesure放在句首，構(gòu)成祈使句。句意：要保證它是讓你釋放壓力，而不是讓你擔(dān)憂的事。【名師點睛】在語法填空中，我們要特別注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題。如本文的，橫線前面有介詞of，橫線上要使用名詞achievement作為of的賓語。，在英語副詞通常做狀語修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞，形容詞通常在句中做定語或表語修飾名詞。所以本句中使用副詞regularly做狀語修飾動詞takeshortbreaks。詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題要先確定所要填的單詞在句中的成分。技巧1：作表語、定語或補語，通常用形容詞形式。技巧2：作主語，或在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式。技巧3：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。技巧4：括號中所給詞為動詞時，也不一定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動詞，

有可能考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其比較級或最高級。技巧5：詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題。詞類不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un-,

im-，il-,

ir-，in-,

non-,

dis-等，在詞根后加-less等。

考點：考查語法填空3.【2016·全國新課標(biāo)III】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called＂ricebowl＂culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,41Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,44(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.Overtime,45thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich46(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,47livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe48(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand49(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat50theirhands.【答案】41.and42.bemade43.tocreate44.using45.as/when46.gradually47.who48.development49.were50.with46.gradually考查副詞。副詞修飾動詞或形容詞，這里修飾動詞短語turnedinto，應(yīng)該用副詞，故填gradually。47.who考查非限制性定語從句。劇中有逗號，說明是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Confucius孔子，定語從句缺少主語，且指人，故填who。48.development考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。the＋名詞＋of，意為“……的……”，這里指“筷子的發(fā)展”，故填development。49.were考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指的是刀子因太暴力而不適合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一個賓語從句，and連接了兩個并列的謂語，主語knives是復(fù)數(shù)，根據(jù)時態(tài)一致的原則，這里用一般過去時，故填were。50.with考查介詞。句意：在印度，大部分人還是用傳統(tǒng)的吃飯方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具體工具的名詞，故填with。考點：名詞；介詞；副詞；并列連詞；非謂語動詞；定語從句；狀語從句【名師點睛】語法填空的解題技巧語法填空是通過語篇在語境中考查語法知識的運用能力。我們在解題前應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以進(jìn)行填寫。在讀懂的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合短文提供的特定的語言環(huán)境去逐句分析逐題解答。按題型設(shè)計分三種情況：1.純空格試題的解題技巧首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)所缺成分確定哪類詞。然后根據(jù)句子意思，確定具體填什么詞，或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個連詞。比如第41空，45空，47空和50空，41空考查并列連詞，45空考查時間狀語從句，47空考查非限制性定語從句，50空考查介詞。2.給出了動詞的試題解題技巧首先，判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。若句子沒有別的謂語動詞或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系，所給動詞就是謂語動詞，若是謂語動詞就要考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài)；若句子有謂語動詞則用非謂語動詞（動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、動名詞和過去分詞）。比如42空，43空和49空，給的是動詞，根據(jù)句意可知42空是動詞詞組，43空是不定式表目的，49空是并列的謂語。3.詞匯轉(zhuǎn)換題解題技巧這類題主要考查名詞、形容詞和副詞。根據(jù)所給詞在句中所做句子成分確定用哪種形式。比如46空和48空，分別考查動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞和形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞。4.【2016·上?！?B)Stress:GoodorBad?Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword,butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed.Inrecentyears,stress(33)______(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress(34)______doesyouharm.Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Uptoacertainpoint,themorestressyouareunder,the(35)_____(good)yourperformancewillbe.Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope,byaskingyourself(36)_______numberofquestions.Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof(37)______,andyetfinditimpossibletosayno?Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor(38)_____(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings?...Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes,youhadbetter(39)______(control)yourstress,asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou.Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.Gettingmarriedis50,pregnancy40,movinghouse20,Christmas12,etc.Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150,youaretwiceaslikely(40)_______(get)ill.【答案】33.

has

been

regarded

34.

that

35.

better

36.

a

37.

you

38.

annoyed

39.

control

40.

to

get36.

a

考查固定短語。短語anumberof許多，大量；該形容詞短語通常做定語修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，本句中使用anumberof修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式questions。37.

you

考查上下文串聯(lián)。句意：例如，你是否感覺到對你期待得太多了？本句的主語是you，所以仍然使用賓格you作為介詞of的賓語。38.

annoyed

考查形容詞。形容詞annoyed惱怒的，該詞是由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的形容詞，通常修飾人。本句中該詞和impatient構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系一起和系動詞get構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。39.

control

考查固定搭配。動詞短語hadbetterdosth最好做某事；“hadbetter”是情態(tài)動詞，后面要接動詞原形。

40.

to

get考查形容詞短語。形容詞短語belikelytodosth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的壓力超過150，你就非常有可能生病了?！久麕燑c睛】本文考查了強調(diào)句型的用法。強調(diào)句是一種修辭方法，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式：強調(diào)句型：“It

is（was）＋被強調(diào)的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”來強調(diào)說話人的意愿：

It

was

on

Monday

night

that

all

this

happened．所有這一切發(fā)生在周一晚上。

It’s

me

that

he

blamed．他怪的是我。

強調(diào)句型最重要的句型是：

It

is

(was)

＋

被強調(diào)部分＋

that／

who

＋

句子的其它成份

。英語中許多句子常?？梢酝ㄟ^強調(diào)句型對句子的不同成份進(jìn)行強調(diào)。如：

It

is

they

who

／that

will

have

a

meeting

tomorrow．

(強調(diào)主語)

It

is

a

meeting

that

they

will

have

tomorrow．

(強調(diào)賓語)

It

is

tomorrow

that

they

will

have

a

meeting．

(強調(diào)時間狀語)

應(yīng)注意的要點:

1．強調(diào)句型可以用來強調(diào)主語、賓語（包括介詞賓語）和狀語。其中的it

本身沒有詞義。

2．強調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，若被強調(diào)的是狀語，也只能用that

，而不能用when

或者where。而且連接詞都不能省略。如：

It

was

in

the

park

that

he

met

an

old

friend

yesterday．

(雖然強調(diào)的是地點，但不能用where。)

3．強調(diào)句子的主語時，that

或who

之后的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要與它前面被強調(diào)的名詞或代詞一致。如：

It

is

Mary

and

Tom

who

often

do

good

deeds．

4．強調(diào)句型的時態(tài)常見的有兩種：一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。即It

is

．．．

that／who．．．和It

was

．．．that／who．．．。如：

It

was

the

way

he

asked

that

really

upset

me．

5．判斷一個句子是否是強調(diào)句的方法是：如果將句中的It

is／was．．．that／who．．．去掉，經(jīng)整理后還是一個完整的句子，本句就是強調(diào)句。否則，就不是。如：

It

was

in

today's

newspaper

that

we

found

the

news．

去掉It

was

．．．that

之后，句子可以整理為:We

found

the

news

in

today's

newspaper．

這是一個完整的句子，故本句是強調(diào)句。

常見考法:

1．用介詞短語來作為被強調(diào)的部分。如：

It

was

for

this

reason

that

he

left

that

school．

It

was

in

this

way

that

he

solved

the

problem．

2．用時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句等作為被強調(diào)的部分。如：

It

was

only

when

I

reread

his

poems

that

I

began

to

appreciate

their

beauty．

3．用

not

until

復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)作為被強調(diào)的部分。如：

It

was

not

until

she

took

off

her

dark

glasses

that

I

realized

she

was

a

film

star．

It

was

not

until

1920

that

regular

radio

broadcasts

began．

4．在被強調(diào)的部分后接定語從句，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜。如：

It

was

on

July

7th

1975

when

he

was

born

that

his

father

died．

5．通過句型轉(zhuǎn)換來進(jìn)行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑問句等。如：

Was

it

during

the

Second

World

War

that

he

died？

When

was

it

that

the

sports

meeting

began？

It

was

not

Tom

that

stole

the

book．

Wasn't

it

he

that

had

made

a

mistake？

6．通過改變系動詞的形式來進(jìn)行考查。強調(diào)句型的系動詞除了用

is

或

was外

，還可以在其前面加上

may

／

might

／must

等表示推測的情態(tài)動詞。如：

It

might

be

him

that

you

met

yesterday．考點：考查語法填空5.【2016·四川】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thegiantpanda41(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.Chinesescientists42(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.Shewasavery43(care)mother.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething44(eat)!Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomenear.Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean.Anysmellmi