高三語法-名詞性從句

學(xué)習好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習好資料歡迎下載高三語法二輪復(fù)習---名詞性從句名詞性從句:相當于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。1.(2008山東)____wasmostimportanttoherwasherfamily.A.itB.thisC.WhatD.as2.(2009北京，31）Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee_____itgotanybetter.A.WhenB.howC.whyD.if3.(2006全國I,23）Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas_____wedidthismorning.A.WhenB.whichC.whereD.what4.(2009浙江，12）Isthereanypossibility_____youcouldpickmeupattheairport?---Noproblem.A.WhenB.thatC.whetherD.what名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞：連接詞：that(無意義，有時可省略)、if、whether、because、asif/asthough---在從句中不充當任何成分2.連接代詞：who、whom、whose、what、which、whatever---有詞義；在句子中充當成分，如主語，賓語，表語或定語等3.連接副詞：when、where、why、how---有詞義；在句子中充當成分，做狀語?！艨键c一:區(qū)別if與whether1.Idon’tknow__________I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_______thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson_______wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._______theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._____youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.Key:1.whether/if2.whether3.whether4.whether5.whether6.If請你歸納:只能使用whether的情況：a.主語從句并在句首b.表語從句c.同位語從句e.介詞后的賓語從句f.直接加動詞不定式只能用whether（todo）gwhetherornot直接連用時不用ifhwhether可以引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句，表示“不管”，“無論”。而if不能，但可以引到一個條件狀語從句，表示“如果”。Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.IfIhavetimetomorrow,I’llgotovisitTom.高考題選萃:1.____the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That2._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where◆考點二:that與what的區(qū)別Whathesaidmakesmehappy.Thatanewteacherwillcomeistrue.that只起連接作用，無意義，在從句中不充當任何成分,且在賓語從句中有時可省。what既起連接作用,又在從句中作主語,賓語,表語(且在名詞性從句中只有what可作表語）1._______hesaidsomadeusangry._______hesaidatthemeetingmadeusangry.2.Acomputercanonlydo_________youhaveinstructedittodo.（01全國）3.中國不再是過去的樣子了。Chinaisnolonger______itusedtobe.4.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin______wasawastelandtenyearsago.（04天津）A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where5.改寫句子WhatIwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.=All____Iwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.Hehasdonewhathecantohelpme.=Hehasdone________hecantohelpme.Key:1.that/what2.what3.what4.A5.that/allthat★what=allthatwhat與which的區(qū)別what(什么)無范圍/which(表選擇,哪一個)有范圍1.---Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis?---HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof_______.2.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter______itwas?Key:1.what/which2.which◆考點三:what,whatever,who,whoeverwhoever,whatever等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義，相當于名詞后加一個定語從句，而Who,what等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句含有疑問意義。注意:nomatterwho/what與whoever/whatevernomatter…只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，…ever既可引導(dǎo)狀語從句又可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句.Whoeverbreakstheschoolrulesmustbepunished.試比較：Whoeverbreakstheschoolsrules,hemustbepunished.=Nomatterwhobreakstheschoolrules,hemustbepunished.(讓步狀語從句)1.__________wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2._______weneedismoretime.3._______hastakenawaymybagisunknown.4.__________breaksthelawwillbepunished.Key:1.Whatever2.What3.who4.Anywho挑戰(zhàn)高考:1)（2008浙江)____wanttostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A).anyoneB).theoneC).whoeverD).who2)____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(93)A).whatB).thatC).thefactD).thematter3)（2006浙江）____isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.A).AsB).ThatC).thisD).It◆考點四:名詞性從句語序（從句一定要用陳述語序）Thephotographswillshowyou_______．（MET89）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike◆考點五:it作形式主語,形式賓語it作形式主語(主從),形式賓語（賓從）1.他犯了那樣一個錯誤真是遺憾。___________________________isapity.=Itisapitythat…(Thathemadesuchamistake)2.他來不來不重要。________________________doesn’tmatter.=Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…(Whetherhewillcomeornot)用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)Itis＋名詞＋從句Itisafactthat… 事實是…Itisanhonorthat …非常榮幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常識(2)Itis＋形容詞＋從句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis＋不及物動詞＋從句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat… 碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)It＋過去分詞＋從句Itisreportedthat… 據(jù)報道…Ithasbeenprovedthat… 已證實…Itissaidthat…據(jù)說…Itisreported/thought/said/predictedthat…Itisclear/necessary/certainthat…Itisapity/ashame/anhonorthat…Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…Itseems/appearsthat…Ithappensthat…it作形式賓語(1)make/find/feel/consider/thinkit+adj/n+that…/todo…(2)it指代后面從句所敘述的內(nèi)容,常用like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it+if或when從句Ihateitwhenpeoplelaughatthedisabled.◆考點六:插入語Sinceyouhaveseenbothfighters,____willwin?A.doyouthinkwhoB.whoyouthinkC.whoeverD.whodoyouthink2.I’dliketoknow___________toher.A.whatdoyouthinkhashappenedB.doyouthinkwhathashappenedC.whatyouthinkhashappenedD.youthinkwhathashappened3.Couldyoutellme________?A.wheredoyouthinktheaccidenthappenedB.whereyouthinktheaccidenthappenedC.doyouthinkwheretheaccidenthappenedD.whereyouthinkdidtheaccidenthappen一、主語從句:考點1.主語從句一律用陳述句語序,即主語在前,謂語在后.誤:Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.正:Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.考點2.連接詞that在從句中無實際意義,但不能省略.誤:Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.正:Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.二、賓語從句1.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞:賓語從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞相同.2.考點1)賓語從句一律用陳述句的語序.2)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that也無實際意義,多數(shù)情況下可以省略.3)whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句但:(1)當whether后緊跟ornot時,不用if例:Idon’tknow_______Iwillstayornot.(2)介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if例:Iworryabout__________Ihurtherfeeling.4)that在賓語從句中的省略與保留(1).在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補+that從句(真正賓語)的句型中不省略.例:Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.(2).由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,that不省略.例:Hetoldmethathewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.挑戰(zhàn)高考:1)（2005山東，26)Theshopkeeperdidn’twanttosellfor____hethoughtwasnotenough.A).whereB).HowC).whatD).which2)(2006全國I，16)---whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?---Theyalwaysletmedo____IthinkIshould.A).whenB).thatC).howD).what三、表語從句表語從句位于連系動詞后,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+系動詞+that從句。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.考點：1)表語從句一律用陳述句的語序.2)表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that無實際意義,但不能省略.3)表語從句只能用whether,而不能用if引導(dǎo).4）be,look,remain,等系動詞后均可跟表語從句，asif也可引導(dǎo)表語從句Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.5)不要使用Thereason…isbecausethat…句型,應(yīng)使用Thereason…isthat…或This/it/that/isbecause…等句型.例如:今天早上他遲到的原因是因為路上行人太多.誤:Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.正:Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.或:Hewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.真題薈萃：1.(2009江西，33）Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists____theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A).whatB).whichC).thoughD).that2.(2009遼寧，29）Doyouhaveanyidea____isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A).thatB).whatC).asD).which四、同位語從句同位語從句在句中作同位語，它一般要放在主句中某些名詞的后面，說明這些名詞的含義?？筛徽Z從句的名詞主要有：fact,news,promise,reason,idea,hope,word,belief等。1.同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞:that,whether,how,when,where,why等引導(dǎo)。that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句前面的名詞常見的有:idea,fact,news,belief,thought,doubt,suggestion;proof,message,order,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,word等.2.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別:如果that作從句中的某一成分,則是定語從句,如果that不作從句中的任何成分,則是同位語從句.例:(1)Ihadnoideathatitwassolate.(主系表結(jié)構(gòu),that不作從句中的成分,同位語從句)(2)Istillremembertheplacethatwevisitedlastyear.(主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),that作從句中的賓語,定語從句)判斷：定語從句(AT),同位語從句(AP)1.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportiscoming.3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.5.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.Key:1.AP2.AT3.AP4.AT5.AP同位語從句的簡易判斷方法：我們可以在名詞和從句之間加be,使之構(gòu)成一個新句子，如果合乎邏輯，句子通順，則是同位語從句，定語從句是不能用系表結(jié)構(gòu)把先行詞與從句連接起來的。eg:Thebeliefthattheearthisflatisstillheldinsomecountries.補充練習：1.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how2.Itisgoodnews______theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how3.It______Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthatB.thinksthatC.isthought D.isthoughtthat4.It______heislateforclass.A.maythatB.mightthatC.maybethatD.mightbewhat5.Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what6.Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when7.Thequestionis______itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.what8.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what9.Mysuggestionis______weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where10.Hisproposalisthatthedam______atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuildC.bebuiltD.willbebuilt11.Myadviceisthathe______regularhouse.A.keepB.wouldkeepC.keepsD.kept12.______knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho13.Weallknowthetruth_____theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether14.Weheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where15.Theproblem______itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if16.Youmustdowell______theteacherasksyoutodo.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where17.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact18."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity?""Idon'tknow___."A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecomeC.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom19.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever20.ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot21.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for22.Henrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy________.A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdoneso23.HaveyouseenHenrylately?Mybosswantstoknow________.A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalongC.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalong24.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever25.Heaskedme________withme.A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis26.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat27.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee28.Iwonderhowmuch________.A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostD.thewatchcosts29.Maryis________someonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor30.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate31.Theycametotheconclusion________byacomputer.A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedoneC.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedone32.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that33.Idon'tdoubt________he'llcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether34."Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang?""Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit35.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich36.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshe'salwayssaved________.A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns37._______surprisedmemostwas________suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which38.Wegavehim________helpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this39.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat40.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________?A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldC.whenisthesportsmeettobeginD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace補充：虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句1、主語從句2、賓語從句3、表語從句4、同位語從句一、虛擬語氣用于主語從句中在下列句型中從句的動詞形式用“should+動詞原形”should可省略。A、Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange)that...B、Itissuggested(requested,desired,proposed)that....C、Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)that...例句1、Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputofftillnextweek.2、Itisnecessarythatyoushouldsayapologytohim.3、Itisapitythatyoushouldbecareless.注意Itisapitythat...句式也可用陳述語氣。Itisapitythatyoudidn'tcome.二、虛擬語氣用于賓語從句中1.wish后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣表示一種不和能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞構(gòu)成形式為A、與過去事實相反從句用過去完成式haddone/hadbeenIwishshehadcomeyesterday.B、與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句用過去式did/wereIwishIweretenyearsyounger.C、與將來事實相反從句用could/would/might+doHowIwishIcouldflytothemoo