人工智能原理-北京大學(xué)中國(guó)大學(xué)mooc課后章節(jié)答案期末考試題庫(kù)2023年

人工智能原理_北京大學(xué)中國(guó)大學(xué)mooc課后章節(jié)答案期末考試題庫(kù)2023年?TuringTestisdesignedtoprovidewhatkindofsatisfactoryoperationaldefinition???圖靈測(cè)試旨在給予哪一種令人滿意的操作定義？?

答案:

machineintelligence

機(jī)器智能

?Thinkingthedifferencesbetweenagentfunctionsandagentprograms,selectcorrectstatementsfromfollowingones.

??考慮智能體函數(shù)與智能體程序的差異，從下列陳述中選擇正確的答案。?

答案:

Anagentprogramimplementsanagentfunction.一個(gè)智能體程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)一個(gè)智能體函數(shù)。

?Therearetwomainkindsofformulationfor8-queensproblem.Whichofthefollowingoneistheformulationthatstartswithall8queensontheboardandmovesthemaround?

??有兩種8皇后問(wèn)題的形式化方式。“初始時(shí)8個(gè)皇后都放在棋盤(pán)上，然后再進(jìn)行移動(dòng)”屬于哪一種形式化方式？?

答案:

Complete-stateformulation

全態(tài)形式化

?Whatkindofknowledgewillbeusedtodescribehowaproblemissolved?

??哪種知識(shí)可用于描述如何求解問(wèn)題？

?

答案:

Proceduralknowledge

過(guò)程性知識(shí)

?Whichofthefollowingisusedtodiscovergeneralfactsfromtrainingexamples?

??下列中哪個(gè)用于訓(xùn)練樣本中發(fā)現(xiàn)一般的事實(shí)？?

答案:

Inductivelearning

歸納學(xué)習(xí)

?Whichstatementbestdescribesthetaskof“classification”inmachinelearning?

??哪一個(gè)是機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)中“分類”任務(wù)的正確描述？?

答案:

Toassignacategorytoeachitem.

為每個(gè)項(xiàng)目分配一個(gè)類別。

?Whichstatementbestdescribesthetaskof“regression”inmachinelearning?

??哪一個(gè)是機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)中“回歸”任務(wù)的正確描述？?

答案:

Topredictarealvalueforeachitem.

預(yù)測(cè)每個(gè)項(xiàng)目實(shí)際的值。

?Whichstatementbestdescribesthetaskof“dimensionalityreduction”inmachinelearning?

??哪一個(gè)是機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)中“降維”任務(wù)的正確描述？?

答案:

Tosimplifyinputsbymappingthemintoalowerspace.將其映射到低維空間來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化輸入。

?Whichstatementbestdescribestheparadigmof“supervisedlearning”inmachinelearning?

??哪一個(gè)是機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)中“有監(jiān)督學(xué)習(xí)”范式的正確描述？?

答案:

Itreceivesasetoflabeleddataandmakespredictionsforallunseendata.接收一組標(biāo)注數(shù)據(jù)并對(duì)所有的未知數(shù)據(jù)做出預(yù)測(cè)。

?Whichstatementbestdescribestheparadigmof“unsupervisedlearning”inmachinelearning?

??哪一個(gè)是機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)中“無(wú)監(jiān)督學(xué)習(xí)”范式的正確描述？?

答案:

Itreceivesexclusivelyunlabeleddataandmakespredictionsforallunseendata.僅僅接收未標(biāo)注數(shù)據(jù)并對(duì)所有的未知數(shù)據(jù)做出預(yù)測(cè)。

?Whichlearningparadigmdoesitapplystoringknowledgetoadifferentbutrelatedproblem?

??哪種學(xué)習(xí)范式把儲(chǔ)備的知識(shí)用于不同但相關(guān)的問(wèn)題？?

答案:

Transferlearning

遷移學(xué)習(xí)

?Selectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptofartificialintelligence.

??選擇以下關(guān)于人工智能概念的正確表述。?

答案:

Artificialintelligenceistostudyandconstructagentprogramsthatperformwellinagivenenvironment.人工智能是研究和構(gòu)建在給定環(huán)境下表現(xiàn)良好的智能體程序。Artificialintelligenceaimstocreateintelligentmachines.人工智能旨在創(chuàng)造智能機(jī)器。Artificialintelligenceistheintelligenceexhibitedbymachinesorsoftware.

人工智能是通過(guò)機(jī)器或軟件展現(xiàn)的智能。

?WhichofthefollowingstatementsaretruetodescribestrongAI(GeneralAI)?

??下列陳述中哪些是描述強(qiáng)AI（通用AI）的正確答案？?

答案:

Itmeansamachinewiththeabilitytoapplyintelligencetoanyproblem.指的是一種機(jī)器，具有將智能應(yīng)用于任何問(wèn)題的能力。Theappropriatelyprogrammedcomputerwiththerightinputsandoutputswouldtherebyhaveamindinexactlythesamesensehumanbeingshaveminds.是經(jīng)過(guò)適當(dāng)編程的具有正確輸入和輸出的計(jì)算機(jī)，因此有與人類同樣判斷力的頭腦。

?Forthefollowingcomparisons,selectwhichapproachesaremoregeneralandmoreamenabletoscientificdevelopment.??對(duì)于如下比擬，選擇哪些方法更通用并且更適合于科學(xué)開(kāi)發(fā)。?

答案:

Actingrationally

理性動(dòng)作Thinkingrationally

理性思考

?Arationalagentisonethatdoestherightthing,butwhatdoesitmeantodotherightthing?Consideringtheconsequencesoftheagent’sbehavior,selectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptof"rightthing".

??理性智能體指的是有正確行為的智能體，但正確的行為意味著什么？考慮智能體行為的后果，選擇下列有關(guān)“正確的行為”概念的真實(shí)陳述。?

答案:

Ifthesequenceisdesirable,thentheagenthasperformedwell.如果該序列是所期望的，則該智能體表現(xiàn)良好。Thissequenceofactionscausestheenvironmenttogothroughasequenceofstates.

這些動(dòng)作序列引起環(huán)境改變而產(chǎn)生狀態(tài)序列。Anagentinanenvironmentgeneratesasequenceofactionsaccordingtothepercepts.

智能體在某個(gè)環(huán)境中依據(jù)感知生成動(dòng)作序列。

?Selectwhichofthefollowingsearchmethodsaretrueuninformedsearch.

??選擇如下哪些搜索方法屬于無(wú)信息搜索。?

答案:

Depth-limitedsearch

深度受限搜索Depth-firstsearch

深度優(yōu)先搜索

?Thesearchstrategiesthatuseproblem-specificknowledgebeyondthedefinitionoftheproblemitselfareknownas:

??除了問(wèn)題本身的定義之外，使用問(wèn)題特定知識(shí)的搜索策略被認(rèn)為是：?

答案:

Heuristicsearch

啟發(fā)式搜Informedsearch

有信息搜索

?Hillclimbingsearchissometimescalledgreedylocalsearchbecauseitgrabsagoodneighborstatewithoutthinkingaheadaboutwheretogonext.Unfortunately,itoftengetsstuckforthethreereasons:

??爬山搜索有時(shí)也被稱為貪婪局部搜索，因?yàn)樗活欁プ∫粋€(gè)好的鄰接點(diǎn)的狀態(tài)，而不提前思考下一步該去哪兒。它在三種情況下經(jīng)常被困：?

答案:

Localmaxima

局部最大值Plateaux

高原Ridges

山嶺

?WhichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutSimulatedannealingalgorithm？??以下關(guān)于模擬退火算法的表述哪些是正確的？?

答案:

Insteadofpickingthebestmove,simulatedannealingalgorithmpicksarandommove.模擬退火算法不是選擇最佳行動(dòng)，而是選擇隨機(jī)行動(dòng)。Theinnerloopofthesimulatedannealingalgorithmisquitesimilartohillclimbing.模擬退火算法的內(nèi)循環(huán)與爬山法非常相似。

?Selectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptofminimaxruleforazerosumgame.

??從如下關(guān)于零和博弈minimax規(guī)則的概念中選擇正確的答案。?

答案:

Eachplayermaximizesthemaximumpayoffpossibleforitself.每個(gè)玩家會(huì)使自己可能的最大收益變得最大。Eachplayermaximizesthemaximumlosspossiblefortheother.每個(gè)玩家會(huì)使對(duì)手可能的最大損失變得最大。

?Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretruetypesoftypesoflocalconsistencyforconstraintpropagation?

??如下陳述中哪些是約束傳播局部一致性的正確類型？?

答案:

Arcconsistency

弧一致k-consistency

k一致Pathconsistency

路徑一致Nodeconsistency

節(jié)點(diǎn)一致

?Selectwhichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutontology.

??選擇下列關(guān)于本體的陳述哪些是正確的。?

答案:

Anontologyisaformalnaminganddefinitionofthetypes,properties,andinterrelationshipsoftheentitiesforaparticulardomainofdiscourse.本體是一種對(duì)特定論域中實(shí)體的類型、特性和相互關(guān)系的形式化命名和定義。Anontologyprovidesacommonvocabularyofanareaanddefinethemeaningofthetermsandtherelationshipsbetweenthem.

本體提供一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的公共詞匯，并且定義一些術(shù)語(yǔ)的含義和它們之間的關(guān)系。

?Whichofthefollowingapproachesareusedtoclassicalplanning?

??下列方法中哪些可用于經(jīng)典規(guī)劃？?

答案:

constraintsatisfaction

約束滿足planninggraph

規(guī)劃圖state-spacesearch

狀態(tài)空間搜索Booleansatisfiability

布爾可滿足性

?Selectthefollowingtruepartiesregardingthethreepartiesofmachinelearning.

??選擇如下哪些派別是有關(guān)機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的三個(gè)派別？?

答案:

Behaviorism

行為主義Connectionism

聯(lián)結(jié)主義

?Selectthefollowingtruephrasesregardingthetypicalparadigmsinmachinelearning.

??選擇下列哪些是典型的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)范式。?

答案:

Reinforcementlearning

強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)Supervisedlearning

有監(jiān)督學(xué)習(xí)

?Selectwhichonesofthefollowingalgorithms(methods)havebeeninventedasthespecialalgorithmsdedicatedtoreinforcementlearning.??選擇下列哪些算法（方法）已被發(fā)明為專門(mén)用于強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)的算法。?

答案:

AsynchronousAdvantageActor-Critic

異步優(yōu)勢(shì)動(dòng)作者·評(píng)論者NeuralEpisodicControl神經(jīng)情景控制

?Whichofthefollowingphrasesaretruealgorithmsusedbymanifoldlearning???下列哪些是真正被流形學(xué)習(xí)使用的算法？?

答案:

Isomap(Isometricmapping)

Isomap（等距映射）LLE(LocallyLinearEmbeddings)

LLE（局部線性嵌入）LE(LaplacianEigenmaps)

LE（拉普拉斯特征映射）

?Selectthefollowingtruephrasesinwhicheachonehasbeeninventedasalogicalmodelformachinelearning.??從如下短語(yǔ)中選擇真正地被發(fā)明為或被用作機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)邏輯模型的方法。?

答案:

Associationrules

關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則First-orderlogic

一階邏輯Decisiontree

決策樹(shù)

?WhichofthefollowingphrasesaretrueartificialneuralnetworksusedinmachineLearning???下列用于哪些是真正用于機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)？?

答案:

Longshort-termmemory

長(zhǎng)短期記憶GenerativeAdversarialNetworks

生成對(duì)抗網(wǎng)絡(luò)Convolutionalneuralnetwork

卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)Deepauto-encoder

深度自動(dòng)編碼器

?Rationallymeansthepropertyofasystemwhichdoesthe

rightthinggivenwhatit________.

??理性指的是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的屬性，即在_________的環(huán)境下做正確的事。（中英文回答均可）?

答案:

已知##%_YZPRLFH_%##knows

?Anintelligentagentisanythingthatcanbeviewedasperceivingitsenvironmentthroughsensors,andactinguponthatenvironmentthrough_______.

??智能體可以看作是通過(guò)感受器感知外部環(huán)境，并且通過(guò)_________作用于外部環(huán)境的任何事物。（中英文回答均可）?

答案:

執(zhí)行器##%_YZPRLFH_%##actuators

?Localsearchalgorithmsoperateusingasinglecurrentnode(ratherthanmultiplepaths)andgenerallymoveonlyto______ofthatnode.??局部搜索算法使用一個(gè)當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)（而不是多條路徑），并且通常僅移動(dòng)到該節(jié)點(diǎn)的______。（中英文回答均可）?

答案:

相鄰節(jié)點(diǎn)##%_YZPRLFH_%##neighbors

?____________isadynamicgamewithprobabilistictransitionsplayedbyoneormoreplayers.

??____________是一種具有概率轉(zhuǎn)換的動(dòng)態(tài)博弈，有一個(gè)或多個(gè)玩家。（中英文回答均可）?

答案:

隨機(jī)博弈##%_YZPRLFH_%##Stochasticgame

?___________treesearchisontheanalysisofthemostpromisingmoves,expandingthesearchtreebasedonrandomsamplingofthesearchspace.

??___________樹(shù)搜索對(duì)最有利的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行分析，根據(jù)搜索空間的隨機(jī)采樣來(lái)擴(kuò)展搜索樹(shù)。（中英文回答均可）?

答案:

蒙特卡羅##%_YZPRLFH_%##Monte-Carlo

?Aconstraintsatisfactionproblem(CSP)isdefinedasasetofobjectswhosestatemustsatisfyanumberof_______________.

??約束滿足問(wèn)題(CSP)被定義為其狀態(tài)必須滿足若干_______________的一組對(duì)象。（中英文回答均可）?

答案:

constraintsorlimitations##%_YZPRLFH_%##約束和限制##%_YZPRLFH_%##約束或限制

?MarkovDecisionProcess(MDP)isadiscretetime_______________process,meansactionoutcomesdependonlyonthecurrentstate.

??馬可夫決策過(guò)程（MDP）是一種離散時(shí)間_______________過(guò)程，意味著動(dòng)作結(jié)果僅僅依賴于當(dāng)前狀