語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題十-虛擬語氣倒裝句

語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題十-----虛擬語氣、倒裝句型虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是通過特殊的謂語動詞形式來表達的愿望、假設(shè)、懷疑、猜測或建議等語氣，它不表示客觀存在。虛擬語氣在單句中的用法常用來表示祝愿、采用固定的倒裝句式。例如：LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!中華人民共和國萬歲！Mayyoubehappy!快樂！Mayyou祝你haveagoodtime!玩得愉快！祝你succeed!成功！makeprogress!進步！二、虛擬語氣在復(fù)合句中的用法：在非真實性條件句與主句中的用法表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反條件從句主句一般過去時（be多用于were）would/should/could/might＋動詞原形例如：IfIwereyou,Ishouldaccepttheinvitation.如果我是你，我會接受邀請的。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.如果我有空，我就去那兒。與過去事實相反條件從句主句過去完成時would/should/could/might＋havedone例如：Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldnt/wouldnthavemissedthebus.如果你早點來，你就不會錯過那輛公共汽車了。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.如果他昨天見到了你，他就會還你的書的。與將來事實可能相反條件從句主句一般過去時（be多用were）shoulddo,weretodowould/should/could/might＋動詞原形例如：Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.萬一明天下雨，運動會就推遲。（事實上明天下雨的可能性不大。）Ifyoudropped/shoulddrop/weretodroptheglass,itwouldbreak.萬一杯子掉下來會打碎的。if的省略如果條件句中有were,had,should等助動詞，可將if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,來表達以if引導(dǎo)的條件句的相同意思。例如：Shoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff./Hadheseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.5)條件句或主句的省略當有上下文或上下句中的語言環(huán)境暗示的時候，表示虛擬語氣的從句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重復(fù)。例如：——Whydidntyouattendthepartyyesterday?——Iwould/shouldhave,butIwastoobusythen.Iwassurprisedthatyoudidntlikethisjob.Youcouldhavedoneitbetter.（后面省略了ifyouhadlikedit.）6)混合時間條件句與主句條件句與主句的動作發(fā)生的時間有先后之差，應(yīng)按各自動作時間搭配好相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。例如：Iftheteacherhadntbeenillyesterday,whocouldgiveusalecturenow?/Ifyouhadreviewedthelesson,youwouldanswerthequestionnow.7)含蓄條件句與主句即用without(＝butfor),or(else)代替if從句。例如：Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldnthavemadesuchgreatprogress.therehadntherehadntbeenwehadntgot＝Ifhishelp,wewouldnwehadntgot2.在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中用法：在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用倒退一個時間段的方式來表達虛擬語氣。例如：Themanspeaksasifhewereaforeigner./Thespeakertoldusalotaboutthatcountryasthoughhehadbeentheremanytimes./Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeengoodfriendsforyears.注：asif/asthough從句中不一定都要用虛擬語氣。如果情況真實性、可能性很大，就要用正常時態(tài)來描繪。例如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.天看起來象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）3．在賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句中的用法：在wish后的賓語從句中的用法：A．與過去事實相反的愿望：賓從謂語為“haddone”形式。例如：IwishIhadpassedyesterdaysexam.要是我昨天的考試及格了該多好。B．與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望：賓從謂語為“did”形式。例如：Hewisheshewasascleverasyou./IwishIhadalargeroomtolivein.C．表示將來愿望：賓從謂語用“would/coulddo”形式。例如：HowIwishIwouldgoabroadnextyear!2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語為“(should)do”形式。例如：Isuggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/insistthathe(should)besenttothenearesthospitalassoonaspossible.3)在“Itis(about/high)time＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句的謂語用一般過去started.started.shouldstart.時或“shoulddo”形式。例如：Itishightimehe他該開始了。shouldstart.4)在表語從句、同位語從句中的用法：在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,advice等名詞后的表語從句、同位語從句中，謂語用“(should)do”形式。例如：Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendafewcomradestohelptheothergroups./Hegaveanorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.虛擬語氣考點分析1．——Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?——I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(NMET)A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did析:此題A、D明顯不合上下文，因為乙方?jīng)]有去。B選項若為wouldhave則成立，可以理解為IwouldhavecomeifIhadnthadanunexpectedvisitor.的簡略式。但此處是would,故應(yīng)排除。只有wasgoingto可得體地表達“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造訪”這一意思。2．Iftherewerenosubjunctive,English______mucheasier.(NMET)A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：觀察題干，可知全句表達的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣。故答案為D。3．Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody______therules.(NMET)A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey析：根據(jù)insist后的賓語從句謂語要用(should)do形式規(guī)律，可定正確答案是B。4．IwishI_____youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee析：此題表與過去事實相反的原望，答案應(yīng)為C。5．——Ifhe_____,he_____thatfood.——Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.(NMET)A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wuldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken析：從對話看，是表達與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為B。6.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.(NMET)A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：without引出一個含蓄條件句，主句表述的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為D。7．Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____.(NMET)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken析；放入水中的鉛筆看上去是斷的，但實際上并非如此，因此是與現(xiàn)在的事實相反，這時asif從句謂語要用一般過去時，故答案為C。8．Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you_____sotired.(NMET)A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot析：觀察題干，可知if從句表述與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，因此答案只能是D。9．Ididntseeyouruncleattheparty.Ifhe_____,hewouldhavesaidhellotome.A.wouldcomeB.hadcomeC.cameD.didcome析：觀察題目上下文，特別是第二句的主句謂語為wouldhavesaid，可知if從句表述的是與過去事實相反的愿望，因此答案為B。10．_____it_____foryourhelp,Icouldnthavemadeanyprogress.A.Had;notbeenB.Should;notbeC.Did;notbeD.Not;be析：根據(jù)主句謂語形式，可知從句要用haddone形式，故應(yīng)選A，Haditnotbeenforyourhelp＝Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp.（要不是你幫忙的話）11．MrSmithwasbadlyill,orhe_____ourdinnerparty.A.shouldcometoB.wouldhaveattendedC.wouldcometoD.shouldhaveattended析：or可引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句，表達虛擬語氣。根據(jù)此題內(nèi)容，可知是與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，故答案為B。倒裝句型英語的倒裝有兩大類型：全部倒裝：指謂語全部置于主語之前的倒裝，有下列幾種情況：here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then等在句首時引起全部倒裝。例如：Hereisaletterforyou./Theregoesthelasttrain./Thedooropened,andincameMrSmith./Awaywenttheboy./Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrellas./Backcametheothers./Outrushedtheboywithanappleinhishand./Thencameanoiselikethunder./Nowcomesthebus.介詞短語或方位名詞詞組作地點狀語位于句首，引起全部倒裝。例如：Inthecorneroftheroomstandsawriting－table./Southofthecityliesabigfactory./Underthebedliesacat./Intheseoceanslivehugenumbersofasmallfish5cmlong.注：以上兩種完全倒裝主語必須是名詞，謂語常是表示方位或轉(zhuǎn)移的不及物動詞，如lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,rise,walk,run等，主語若是人稱代詞或謂語不屬上述動詞之列，則不用完全倒裝。例如：Hereitrainsaloteverymonthoftheyear./Hereweare!/Offyougo!/Thenshewenttotheshop.3．在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，采用全部倒裝語序。例如：Thereisabookinthebag.表系主語4．代詞such作表語，意“這樣的人”“這樣的物”，應(yīng)置于句首，其后全部倒裝。例如：Suchwerethefacts./Suchwouldbeourhomeinthefuture.部分倒裝：指部分謂語（如助動詞、情態(tài)動詞）位于主語之前的倒裝。有下列一些情況：1．一般疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意問句要求部分倒裝。例如：Hashefinishedhiswork?/Itsalovelyday,isntit?2．特殊疑問詞不作主語或不作主語的定語的特殊疑問句要求部分倒裝。例如：Whendidyougothere?/Whichdoyoulikebest?3．only修飾動詞、介詞短語、狀語從句，并置于句首時，主句中要部分倒裝。例如：Onlywhentherainstoppeddidthematchstartagain.注：“only＋名詞/代詞”置于句首不要倒裝。例如：Onlyhecandoit.(正)Onlycanhedoit.(誤)4．含有否定意義的副詞，如：not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句首時，要求部分倒裝。例如：HardlycanIbelievethat./NeverhashebeentotheGreatWall./Seldomdoesshewritetome.5．notonly…but(also)…連接兩個分句，notonly置于句首，它所引導(dǎo)的這部分要部分倒裝，但but(also)部分不要倒裝。例如；Notonlyshouldwestudyscience,butalsoweshouldpayattentiontopolitics.注：若notonly…but(also)…連接兩個主語，句子不要倒裝。6．notuntil引起一個短語或引導(dǎo)一個從句置于句首時，主句中要求部分倒裝。例如：Notuntilhewastendidhegotoschool./NotuntilyesterdaydidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.7．hardly…when…;nosooner…than…句型中，若hardly,nosooner位于句首時，主句中要求部分倒裝。例如：HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang./Nosoonerhadhefinishedhistalkthanhewassurrounded(包圍)bytheworkers.8．so表“也”、“同樣”意，位于句首時，其后要部分倒裝。例如：Youcanswim,socanI./Ifyougo,sowillI.倒裝語序考點分析Notonly_____pollutedbut_____crowded.(上海高考)A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;thestreetswereC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;werethestreets析：notonly部分要部分倒裝，可排除B、D。but(also)部分不要倒裝，故C為正確答案。Little_____abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.(上海高考)A．doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecareD.hecared析：否定意義的Little在句首，該句要倒裝，故答案在A、B之中選擇一個，因A的時態(tài)不對，故答案為B。3．Onlyinthisway_____progessinyourEnglish.(NMET)A.youmakeB.canyoumakeC.youbeabletomakeD.willyouabletocome析：Only修飾inthisway置于句首，句子要部分倒裝，故答案為B。4．Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_____howseriousthepollutionwas.(NMET)A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize析：由于Notuntil在句首，主句要采用部分倒裝，這樣先可排除B、C，又由于D不應(yīng)該用didnt,故A為正確答案。5．Bequick!_____A.ThebuscomeshereB.ThebusherecomesC.HerethebuscomesD.Herecomesthebus析：用一般現(xiàn)在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作出現(xiàn)在倒裝句中，所以此題答案為D。（＝Thebusiscominghere.）6．Onthewall_____twolargeportraits.(NMET)A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging析：由于介詞短語onthewall位于句首，全句要采用完全倒裝式，因為主語是復(fù)數(shù)，所以正確答案為B。虛擬語氣、倒裝句型專練Little_____aboutwhatothersthink.A.hehascaredB.hecaresC.caredheD.doeshecare2._____gotintotheroom_____thetelephonerang.(NMET)A.Hehardlyhad;thenB.Hardlyhadhe;whenC.Hehadnot;thanD.Nothadhe;when3.Onlybypractisingafewhourseveryday_____beabletomasterthelanguage.(上海高考)A．youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou4.IfI_____himyesterdayI_____himaboutit.A.saw;wouldaskB.hadseen;wouldhaveaskedC.hadseen;wouldaskD.saw;wouldhaveasked5.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappenifthere_____nolightduringthedays?A.isB.willbeC.wereD.wouldbe6._____yousucceedineverythingand_____youbehealthy.A.Hope;wishB.Wish;hopeC.May;mayD.Expect;hope7.Butforyourhelp,I_____theplace.A.cantfindB.canthavefoundC.couldnthavefoundD.haventfound8.Ifherlawyer_____herelastSunday,he_____herfromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented9.Ifithadnotbeenfortheliberation,nochanges_____placeinmyhometown.A.wouldhavetakenB.wouldhavebeentakenC.willtakenD.willbetaken10._____latetommorrow,whowouldtakeherplace?A.ShouldMissGreencomeB.IfMissGreenwouldcomeC.MissGreenshouldcomeD.IfMissGreencomes11._____it_____,thecrops_____besaved.A.Had;rained;couldB.Should;rain;wouldC.If;rains;shouldD.Would;rain;should12.Theactorisoverfifty.Butheactsasifhe_____ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.shouldbeD.were13.Itseemsasifit____alreadysummernow.A.wereB.beC.isD.hadbeen14.IwishI_____himthedaybeforeyesterday.A.sawB.couldseeC.hadseenD.wasseeing15.Imadethesuggestionthatthey_____theplantheyhadmade.A.sticktoB.stucktoC.insistD.insistedon16.Itissuggestedthatastudyplan_____rightnow.A.ismadeB.istobemadeC.bemadeD.hadbeenmade17.Theyrequiredthatwe_____themgetinthecrops.A.helpB.helpedC.werehelpingD.wouldhelp18.Sheshouldhaveattendedtheclass,butshe_____.A.hadntB.hasntC.didntD.doesnt19.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking_____inthelibrary,whichmadethesmokersunhappy.A.isforbiddenB.wouldpermitC.beallowedD.shouldnotbeallowed20.Notonce_____hisviewoflife.A.didthegentlemanmentionB.thegentlemanmentionedC.mentionedthegentlemanD.doesthegentlemanmention21.Inthesun_____agroupofyoungsoldiers,guninhand.A.didstandB.hadstoodC.standingD.stood22.——Youforgottohandinyourhomeworkyesterday.——Goodheavens!_____.Hereyouare.A.SoIdidB.SodidIC.Idid,tooD.Soyouhave23._____withhisslippersonwhenheheardtheterriblenoise.A.OutdidherushB.RushedheoutC.OutrushedheD.Outherushed24.Nosooner_____finishedthecomposition_____thelightwentout.A.Ihad;whenB.Ihad;thanC.hadI;whenD.hadI;than25.Itwasnotuntil_____topreparehislessons.didhisfathercomeinthattheboybeganhisfathercameinthattheboybegandidhisfathercomeindidtheboybeginhisfathercameindidtheboybegin26._____,soyouarenotafriendofmine.A.IneversawyoubeforeB.NeverbeforeIhaveseenyouC.NeverbeforehaveIseenyouD.NeverhadIseenyoubefore27.——Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.——_____,and_____.(上海高考)A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohashe;soyouhave28.Never_____tilltomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday.A.putoffB.doputoffC.didyouputoffD.youwillputoff29.——Haveyouwrittentheseletters?——No,_____timetodoanyotherworkyet.A.hardlyIhaveB.IhavehadhardlyC.IhavehardlyhadD.Ihardlyhavehad30._____getsuchapairofshoesformyson?A.WheredoyouthinkcanIB.DoyouthinkwherecanI