流感課件英語教學課件

流感PPT課件(英文)REPORTING目錄IntroductionTypesofInfluenzaSymptomsofInfluenzaTransmissionofInfluenzaPreventionofInfluenzaDiagnosisandTreatmentofInfluenzaEpidemicsandPandemicsofInfluenzaPART01IntroductionREPORTINGInfluenzaisacontagiousrespiratoryillnesscausedbytheinfluenzavirus.Itischaracterizedbysymptomssuchasfever,cough,sorethroat,runnynose,andfatigue.Influenzacanleadtosevereillnessandevendeath,especiallyinhigh-riskindividualssuchastheelderly,children,andthosewithunderlyinghealthconditions.DefinitionofInfluenzaThehistoryofinfluenzadatesbacktotheearly20thcentury,whenthefirstinfluenzapandemicoccurred.Sincethen,therehavebeenseveralpandemicsandseasonalinfluenzaoutbreaks,causingsignificantmorbidityandmortalityworldwide.ThemostrecentpandemicwastheH1N1swineflupandemicin2009,whichwasdeclaredaglobalemergencybytheWorldHealthOrganization.HistoryofInfluenzaRecognizingthesymptomsofinfluenzaandseekingpromptmedicalattentioncanreducethespreadofthevirusandimprovepatientoutcomes.Understandingthenatureofinfluenzaandhowitspreadsiscrucialforpreventingandcontrollingoutbreaks.Knowledgeaboutthedifferenttypesofinfluenzavirusesandhowtheymutatecanhelpinthedevelopmentofmoreeffectivevaccines.ImportanceofUnderstandingInfluenzaPART02TypesofInfluenzaREPORTINGTypeAinfluenzavirusesarethoughttohaveoriginatedinbirds.OriginTransmissionVirulenceThesevirusesareabletoinfectawiderangeofhosts,includinghumansandanimals.TypeAvirusesaretypicallythemostvirulentandcancausesevereillnessanddeath.030201TypeAInfluenzaTypeBinfluenzavirusesarethoughttohaveoriginatedinhumans.OriginThesevirusesmainlyinfecthumansandarelesslikelytocrossovertootherspecies.TransmissionTypeBvirusesaregenerallylessvirulentthanTypeAvirusesandcausemilderillness.VirulenceTypeBInfluenza

TypeCInfluenzaOriginTypeCinfluenzavirusesarealsothoughttohaveoriginatedinhumans.TransmissionThesevirusesmainlyinfecthumansandarenotknowntoinfectotherspecies.VirulenceTypeCvirusesaregenerallylessvirulentthanTypeAandBvirusesandcausemildillness.TheH1N1subtypewasresponsiblefortheSpanishflupandemicin1918,whichkilledmillionsofpeopleworldwide.H1N1TheH2N2subtypecausedtheAsianflupandemicin1957,whichalsoresultedinsignificantmortality.H2N2TheH3N2subtypewasresponsiblefortheHongKongflupandemicin1968,whichalsocausedsignificantillnessanddeath.H3N2SubtypesofTypeAInfluenzaPART03SymptomsofInfluenzaREPORTINGFeverorfeelingfeverish/chillsCommonSymptomsCoughSorethroatRunnyorstuffynoseCommonSymptomsBodyachesFatigueHeadacheCommonSymptoms0102SevereSymptomsProlongedfever(morethanafewdays)SeverecoughingordifficultybreathingSeverebodyachesDifficultysleepingduetosymptomsSevereSymptomsSevereSymptomsLossoftasteorsmellDifficultyswallowingorseveresorethroatSeverefatigueorweaknessSeverechestpainordiscomfortPersistentvomitingordiarrheaSevereSymptomsDehydration(notbeingabletokeepfluidsdown)SevereSymptomsSeizures(ifunder5yearsold)Difficultywakingorbeingoverlysleepy(ifover65yearsold)SevereSymptomsSomepeoplemaybeinfectedwiththefluvirusbutshownosymptoms.Thisismorecommoninchildrenunderage5andadultsoverage65.However,evenifyoudonothavesymptoms,youcanstillspreadtheflutoothers.Itisimportanttowashyourhandsoftenandavoidclosecontactwithpeoplewhoaresicktohelppreventthespreadoftheflu.AsymptomaticInfluenzaPART04TransmissionofInfluenzaREPORTINGDirectcontactreferstothetransferofthefluvirusfromaninfectedindividualtoahealthyindividualthroughphysicalcontact,suchasshakinghandsorhugging.Whenaninfectedpersoncoughsorsneezes,dropletscontainingthevirusareexpelledintotheair.Ifthesedropletslandonanotherperson'sskinormucousmembranes,suchastheeyes,nose,ormouth,theviruscanenterthebodyandcauseinfection.Tominimizetheriskofdirectcontacttransmission,itisrecommendedtowashhandsfrequently,avoidclosecontactwithindividualswhoareill,andusehandsanitizerswhenconvenient.SummaryDescriptionPreventionDirectContactIndirectcontactreferstothetransmissionofthefluviruswhenaninfectedindividualcontaminatesasurfaceorobjectwiththevirus,whichisthentouchedbyahealthyindividual.Theviruscansurviveonsurfacesforseveralhours,dependingonthetypeofsurfaceandenvironmentalconditions.Whenahealthypersontouchesaninfectedsurfaceandthentouchestheirownface,theviruscanbetransmitted.Topreventindirectcontacttransmission,itisessentialtodisinfectcontaminatedsurfaceswithappropriatecleaningagents,washhandsthoroughlyaftertouchingpotentiallycontaminatedsurfaces,andavoidtouchingtheface.SummaryDescriptionPreventionIndirectContactSummaryAirbornetransmissionoccurswhensmalldropletscontainingthefluvirusareexpelledintotheairduringcoughing,sneezing,ortalkingandaretheninhaledbyothers.DescriptionThevirus-containingdropletscanremainsuspendedintheairforseveralhoursandcanbeinhaledbyindividualswhoarenearby.Airbornetransmissionismorelikelyinenclosedspaceswithpoorventilation.PreventionTominimizetheriskofairbornetransmission,itisrecommendedtomaintaingoodventilationinenclosedspaces,avoidcrowding,andwearafacemaskwhenincloseproximitytoindividualswhoareill.AirborneTransmissionSummary:Viralsheddingreferstothereleaseofthefluvirusintotheenvironmentthroughvariousroutes,suchascoughing,sneezing,talking,ortouchingcontaminatedsurfaces.Spreadoccurswhenthevirusistransmittedtoanotherindividual.Prevention:Preventingviralsheddingandspreadisessentialtocontrollingthespreadoftheflu.Thiscanbeachievedbyimplementingeffectiveinfectioncontrolmeasures,suchasfrequenthandwashing,disinfectionofsurfaces,andrespiratoryetiquette.Description:Theamountofvirusshedandthedurationofsheddingvaryfrompersontopersonanddependonthetypeoffluvirusandtheimmunestatusoftheinfectedindividual.Thefluviruscanbeshedforseveralweeksafterinfection.ViralSheddingandSpreadPART05PreventionofInfluenzaREPORTING輸入標題02010403VaccinationVaccinationisthemosteffectivewaytopreventinfluenza.Thevaccinecontainsweakenedorkilledfluvirusesthattriggertheimmunesystemtoproduceantibodiestofightthevirus.Thevaccineisusuallyadministeredthroughaneedleinjectionoranasalspray.Thefluvaccineisrecommendedforeveryone,especiallyforthoseathighriskofdevelopingsevereillness.Handwashingisasimplebuteffectivewaytopreventthespreadofgermsandviruses.Itisrecommendedtowashhandsfrequently,especiallyaftercoughing,sneezing,ortouchingsurfacesinpublicplaces.Handsanitizersthatcontainatleast60%alcoholcanalsobeusedtokillgermsonthehands.HandHygieneMasksshouldbewornbypeoplewhoaresicktoprotectothersfromgettinginfected.Maskscanalsobewornbyhealthyindividualsincrowdedplacesorwheresocialdistancingisdifficulttomaintain.Wearingafacemaskcanhelppreventthespreadofrespiratorydropletswhenanindividualcoughs,sneezes,orspeaks.MaskingSocialdistancingreferstothepracticeofmaintainingaphysicaldistanceofatleast6feet(2meters)betweenindividualstoreducethespreadofrespiratorydroplets.Avoidingclosecontactwithothers,especiallythosewhoaresick,iscrucialtoreducingthetransmissionofthefluvirus.Socialdistancingcanbedifficultinsomesettings,suchaspublictransportation,buttakingmeasureslikeusinghandsanitizerandwearingafacemaskcanhelpreducetheriskofinfection.SocialDistancingPART06DiagnosisandTreatmentofInfluenzaREPORTINGFever,cough,sorethroat,runnynose,bodyaches,headache,chills,fatigue.SymptomsThroatswab,nasalswab,bloodtesttodetectthefluvirusorantibodies.LabtestsX-rayorCTscantocheckforlungproblems.ImagingtestsDiagnosisofInfluenzazanamivir(Relenza)Blocksthevirusfromspreadingandattachingtocells.PeramivirAnewerantiviraldrugthatisadministeredintravenously.Oseltamivir(Tamiflu)Preventsthevirusfrommultiplyingandspreadinginthebody.AntiviralDrugsforTreatingInfluenzaPneumonia:Infectionofthelungsthatcanbecausedbythefluvirusoranotherbacteriaorvirus.Dehydration:Lossoffluidsduetoexcessivesweating,vomiting,ordiarrhea.Heartdisease:Infectioncantriggeraheartattackorworsenexistingheartconditions.Feveranddehydrationinchildrencanleadtoseizuresorbraindamage.ComplicationsofInfluenzaPART07EpidemicsandPandemicsofInfluenzaREPORTINGSummary:Thehistoryofinfluenzaepidemicsandpandemicsdatesbacktothelate19thcentury,withtheSpanishFlupandemicin1918beingthemostsevere.HistoryofEpidemicsandPandemicsHistoryofEpidemicsandPandemicsDetails:TheSpanishFlupandemic,whichbeganin1918,killedover20millionpeopleworldwideandinfecteduptoathirdoftheglobalpopulation.Itwasnamed"Spanish"becauseSpainwasoneofthefewcountriestoreportonthepandemicfreelyatthattime.OthernotablepandemicsincludetheAsianFlupandemicof1957,theHongKongFlupandemicof1968,andtheSwineFlupandemicof2009.Eachpandemichashaditsownuniquecharacteristicsandimpactonglobalhealth.Thefrequencyandseverityofinfluenzapandemicshavevariedovertime.Somepandemicshavebeenmoreseverethanothers,withhighermortalityratesandmorewidespreadimpactonglobalhealth.Summary:Preparednessforinfluenzaepidemicsandpandemicsisessentialtomitigatetheimpactonpublichealth.Countriesneedtohaverobustsu