Unit1 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky教材版本：新外研

冊別單元：選擇性必修四

Unit1重難點詞mind搭配義arise熟詞生義complex熟詞生義circumstancecommercial詞族alternative英語釋義辨析義搭配義辨析義短語動詞shift一詞多義admission熟詞生義admissionAdmissionbyticket.憑票入場。生活中的admissionadmissionadmission:來自

admit(B2U2)admissionn

[U]&[C]接納；進入權(quán)；準許入會/學(xué)：Admissionbyticket.Shefailedtogainadmissiontotheuniversityofherchoice.theuniversityadmissionspolicy/office

[C]［常作單數(shù)］承認；供認：anadmissionofamistake/failure

[U]入場費：admissioncharges/pricesadmit&admission語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖供認admit容許……進入（基本義）承認“容許”事情“進入”內(nèi)心“容許”人“進入”組織或機構(gòu)“容許”物體“進入”某地接納；招收容許……進入承認；供認接納；準許入會/學(xué)；入場費進入權(quán)admission溫故知新“容許”自己做錯了的事“進入”公眾視野視頻學(xué)習(xí)：makeupyourmind是什么意思?makeupone’smind拿定主意；下定決心makeupone’smind拿定主意；下定決心：Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.Hehasmadeuphismindtoovercomehisshortcomings.changeone’smind改變主意：WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn’tlikehim,butIhavechangedmymind.2013全國bear/keep…inmind將……記在心中；記起(bear/keepinmindthat)：It’sagoodidea—I’llbearitinmind.Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.2008全國come/springtomind突然想起;(想法)一下子冒出來：Kindnessandhonestyarewordsthatspringtomindwhentalkingoftheman.loseone’smind發(fā)瘋：Tobeinthisplace,youhavetohaveasenseofhumororyou’llloseyourmind.put/set/turnone’smindto/setone’smindon集中精力做：Shecouldhavebeenabrilliantpianistifshe’dputhermindtoit.■

adj復(fù)雜的(complicated)反simple；復(fù)合的：acomplexstateofaffairsThelinkbetweenmoneyandhappinessiscomplex.acomplexsentence■

n[C]綜合樓群；綜合體；聯(lián)合企業(yè)：anewapartmentcomplex2010浙江【拓展】complexity

n[U]&[C]復(fù)雜性；錯綜復(fù)雜（的事物）complex

com-(together,一起）+plex(toweave紡織)→(問題等)織在一起的→復(fù)雜的commercial生活中的commercial商業(yè)廣告commercial

■

adj［常用于名詞前］商業(yè)的；營利性的；商業(yè)化的：commercialradio/TV/channelsThemoviewasnotacommercialsuccess.Festivalsarebecomingmoreandmorecommercial.■

n[C]商業(yè)廣告：aradio/TVcommercialcommerce(商業(yè))+-al(形容詞后綴)→商業(yè)的【詞匯拓展】commercen[U]商業(yè)；貿(mào)易(trade)：electroniccommerce(e-commerce)commercialize/commercialisevt［常用于被動語態(tài)］使商業(yè)化；使成為營利手段：Somepeoplebelievefestivalsshouldnotbecommercialized.?commercialization/commercialisationn[U]商業(yè)化詞族：commerce,commercial,commercialize,commercialization13

看到上面兩幅圖，大家很容易想到風(fēng)能和太陽能，這些自然能源即為“替代能源”（alternativeenergy）。此時，alternative可譯為“可替代的”。alternativealternativeadj

[只用于名詞前]可供替代的；可供選擇的

thatyoucanuse,do,etc.insteadofsthelse：analternativemethod

oflearningThewaywasblocked,sowewentbyanalternativeroad.

非傳統(tǒng)的；另類的

differentfromwhatisusualortraditional：analternativelifestyle

alternativeenergy替代能源（指太陽能、風(fēng)能、水能等）alternativen[C]選擇；供選擇的東西：Minibuseswithseatsfor12passengersofferanalternativetoexpensivetaxisandcrowdedpublictransport.havenoalternativebuttodosth

除了做某事別無選擇：Ihadnoalternativebuttoreporthimtothepolice.【拓展】alternativelyadv[引出第二種選擇或可能的建議]二者選一地；或者：Icouldcometoyourhouse,oralternativelywecouldmeetintown.

三個詞中，alternative最正式，choice較option稍非正式。

option,choice或alternative均可表示可選擇的事物。

alternative較常用以指兩個選擇，后可接介詞to：Youcanbepaidincashweeklyorbychequemonthly;thosearethetwoalternatives.

表示選擇權(quán)或選擇的自由最常用choice，有時也可用option，但通常不用alternative：DoIhaveachoiceofwhatcolortopaintmyroom?

option也指計算機程序里的選項、選擇?！颈嫖觥縜lternative,choice,optionarisearise詞源解讀：a-(表示加強)+rise(升起)，詞源義為：升起arise(arose,arisen)vi［正式用語］

（問題或困難）出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生：Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.2012山東

起床；起身；起立：Hearosefromhisseat.arisefrom/outof因……產(chǎn)生；由……引起：Accidentsoftenarisefrom/outofcarelessness.問題、困難或新事物等“升起”人“升起”注：日常用語中，表示出現(xiàn)問題或困難，一般用comeup，不用arise。同義異構(gòu)：occur,happencircumstance根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Wedon’tusuallyacceptlateapplications,but________________________________________（在這種情況下）wewillmakeanexception.2.___________________________________（在任何情況下都不）shouldyouleavethishouse.inthiscase/in/underthecircumstancesInnocase/In/Undernocircumstancescircumstancen[C]

［常用復(fù)數(shù)］情況；情形theconditionsthataffectasituation,anevent,etc.：Ourcircumstancesaresodesperatethatitisuncertainwhetherwewilleverreturnalive.

［復(fù)數(shù)］［正式用語］境況；狀況（尤指經(jīng)濟狀況）theconditionsofaperson’slife,especiallythemoneytheyhave：financial/social/personalcircumstancesin/under...circumstances在……情況下：Underthecircumstances,itseemsbetternottotellhimabouttheaccident.It’sanexperimentalmodel,sodon’ttouchitunderanycircumstances.2012江西改circumstance詞源解讀：circum(around周圍)+st(tostand站立)+-ance(名詞后綴)→站立的周圍→(周邊)的狀況→情況；情形in/undernocircumstances決不；無論如何不：Undernocircumstancesshouldwedoterriblethingstootherpeople.注：in/undernocircumstances置于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝語序。辨析：circumstance,environmentcircumstance和

environment都含有“環(huán)境”“狀況”之意?！?/p>

circumstance指“情況”“情形”（theconditionsthataffectasituation,anevent,etc.）”，常用復(fù)數(shù)，表明與某事件或某人有關(guān)的環(huán)境，情形，情況等，也可指“境況”“狀況”（尤指經(jīng)濟狀況）（howmuchmoneysbhas）”。Wecan’tjudgewhathediduntilweknowallthecircumstances.●environment指“生活環(huán)境”“周圍狀況（theconditionsoftheplacewhereyouare）”，尤其指作用和影響生物體的生長，發(fā)展和生存的外界物質(zhì)條件的總和。Thetwinswereseparatedatbirthandbroughtupinentirelydifferentenvironment.Iamnotaproductofmycircumstances.Iamaproductofmydecisions.我不是環(huán)境的產(chǎn)物，我是自我選擇的結(jié)果。史蒂芬·柯維（1932—2012），美國著名博士，被美國《時代周刊》譽為“思想巨匠”、“人類潛能的導(dǎo)師”，并入選影響美國歷史進程的25位人物之一。他是一位贏得國際聲望的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能權(quán)威和導(dǎo)師，代表作有《成功人士的7個習(xí)慣》、《領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者準則》。shift電腦鍵盤上的shift鍵，到底是干什么的？Shift鍵是鍵盤中的一個上檔轉(zhuǎn)換鍵，可用于中英文轉(zhuǎn)換，左右各有1個shift鍵。shift鍵具有輸入法切換、快速切換半角和全角、選擇連續(xù)文件、直接刪除文件等功能?！?/p>

v

vi&vt（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；（使）移動：shiftthefurnitureJoelistened,shiftinguncomfortablyfromonefoottoanother.TheWhiteHousehopestoshiftthemedia’sattention

awayfromforeignpolicyissues.

vi&vt（使）改變tochangeyouropinionoforattitudetowardssb/sth：Herefusedtoshifthisground(=changehisopinion).■n

[C]轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)換：Ashiftinthewindisexpectedtonight.

[C]班；輪班：beontheday/nightshift

[U]（計算機）轉(zhuǎn)換（鍵）(shiftkey)shift基本義：轉(zhuǎn)移shift語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖轉(zhuǎn)移shift(基本義)“轉(zhuǎn)移”物體“轉(zhuǎn)移”想法或態(tài)度等（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；（使）移動（使）改變轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)換班；輪班（計算機）轉(zhuǎn)換（鍵）nv短語動詞

putoff

延期；推遲(delay/postpone)：Shecalledthisafternoontoputoffthemeetingtonextweek.

使反感；使不信任：Sheisverycleverbuthermannerdoestendtoputpeopleoff.

打擾；使分心：Don’tputmeoffwhenI’mtryingtoconcentrate.

使對……失去興趣：Don’tletyourfailuresputyouofftryingharder.putoff語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖off分離；離開延期；推遲打擾；使分心使對……失去興趣使反感；使不信任putoff使活動與原定日期分離使人與興趣或熱情分離使人與他人的好感和信任分離使心思與正在做的事情分離短語動詞含有off的短語動詞：off

表示“離開；離去”：gooff

___________；___________出發(fā)；letoff___________off

表示“結(jié)束；消失”：finishoff

___________；___________大量殺死；___________還清off

表示“（協(xié)議、運動、事件等）取消；延期”：calloff

___________；___________延期；推遲off

表示“去掉；除掉；移開”：cutoff

___________；___________脫下使爆炸離開setoff完成；吃完killoffpayoff取消put

off

切斷takeoff

passup放棄；錯過（機會等）：Youshouldn’tpassuptheopportunitytogotouniversity.

weighup仔細考慮；權(quán)衡：Wecanweighuptheoptionsandtrytocometoadecision.含有up的短語動詞：up

表示“向上；向高處移動”：___________起立；___________舉起；抬高；popup___________up

表示“完全；徹底”：________最終處于/成為；passup___________；_________認輸；放棄up

表示“成碎片或分成幾部分”：breakup___________；___________切碎up

表示“（數(shù)量、程度等）增加；上升”：turnup___________；___________使振作起來standupput

up突然出現(xiàn)；冒出來endup放棄；錯過giveup破碎cutup調(diào)高cheerup含有down的短語動詞：down

表示“向下”：comedown（下降）；_________身體垮掉；pass/handdown（把……傳給）；_________放下

down

表示“（寫）在紙上”：writedown（寫下）,setdown（制定）down

表示“（數(shù)量、程度等）下降/減少/減弱”：bringdown（降低）,turndown（調(diào)低）；_________平靜下來

turndown

關(guān)??；調(diào)低（音量等）反turnup：CouldyoupleaseturndownyourTVabit?

拒絕(refuse)：Howcouldyouturndownsuchafantasticjobwhenyouhavebeenoutofworkformonths?2014浙江breakdownputdowncalmdown隨堂檢測mind完成下列句子。1.I___________________（下定決心）Iwouldfindoutwhatwasgoodinmypresentsituation.（2016浙江改）2.Ididn’tchooseEnglishasmymajorintheend.I________________（改變主意）andchosehistoryinstead.（2015湖南改）3.Always_________________________（記?。﹜ourmaintaskistogetthiscompanyrunningsmoothly.（2015湖南）

5.Theperson’snamedoesn’t___________________（出現(xiàn)在我的腦海中）rightnow.madeupmymindchangedmymindbear/keepinmindthatcomeintomymind根據(jù)句意，寫出畫線部分的漢語意思。1.Whathesaidwastoocomplexformetounderstand.___________2.Thenewsportscomplexopenstothepublictomorrow. ___________3.Complexsentences

playanimportantroleinlearningEnglish. ___________4.Ioftenreflectonthebeautyandcomplexityoflife. ___________complex復(fù)雜的綜合樓群復(fù)合句復(fù)雜性根據(jù)句意，寫出畫線部分的漢語意思。1.EveryTVcommercial

ontelevisionhasawebsiteatthebottomofthescreen. ___________2.Hefailedtoseethecommercialvalue

ofhisdiscovery. ___________3.WouldyoubekindenoughtotellmetherightwaytotheCommercialBuilding? ___________4.Thelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming（哼唱）ashortcommercialsong.（2020天津改） ___________commercial電視廣告商業(yè)價值貿(mào)易大樓/商業(yè)大廈商業(yè)/廣告歌曲alternative一、根據(jù)句意，寫出畫線部分的漢語意思。1.Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomical（天文的）incidents.Butalternativeexplanationsarehardtofind.（2017江蘇） ___________2.Iwasastudentwhowentonalternativebreak

trips,andhadmylifetotallytransformedbythatexperience.（2011天津） ___________非傳統(tǒng)假期旅行別的解釋二、根據(jù)所給漢語，完成句子。1.Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethem___________________________（他們能夠信賴的替代物）.（2014山東）2.Doyouhave______________________________________（解決這個問題的其他方法）inyourmind?3.

Facingenergycrisis,morenew__________________________（替代能源）isneededtosearchfor.4.I’mafraid______________________________________（我別無他法，只有讓你離開）.5.__________________________（除了咖啡有沒有其他選擇）onthemenu?(n)an

alternative

theycanrelyonanalternativemethodofsolvingtheproblemalternativeenergyIsthereanalternativetocoffeeIhavenoalternativebuttoaskyoutoleavearise一、根據(jù)句意，寫出畫線部分的漢語意思。1.WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach,thereareobviouslymanyothersituationsthatcanarise.（2019全國）

___________2.Tellourkidstokeepcalmwhenproblemsarise.___________3.Hearoseandwalkedtothewindow. ___________4.Mymotheraroseearlyinthemorning. ___________二、根據(jù)所給漢語，完成句子。1.Manydifficulties_______________________（由……引起）the