翻譯三級(jí)筆譯綜合能力模擬25

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯綜合能力模擬25ⅠVocabularyandGrammarPart1VocabularySelection1.

WhileMaggie,awhite-collarwork（江南博哥）er,wasathomeafterwork,she______doingsomethingtodoingnothing.A.likedB.favoredC.tendedD.preferred正確答案：D[解析]固定搭配A.like喜歡，后面可跟todosth./doingsth.，但sth.后不再跟表示比較的todoingnothing；D.favor是及物動(dòng)詞，表示：喜愛(ài)，支持，贊成；例：favoraproposal贊成提議；C.tend照管，護(hù)理，往往是，趨向；常與to連用，tendtodosomething，例：Peopletendtoneedlesssleepastheygetolder.(人們隨著年齡的增大所需睡眠越來(lái)越短)；D.preferr有許多用法：prefertodosomething，例：Iprefertowearclothesmadeofnaturalfibers.我喜歡穿天然織物制成的服裝；preferdoingsomething，例：Chantalpreferstravellingbytrain.Chantal喜歡坐火車(chē)旅行；prefersomebody/somethingtosomebody/something，例：Achildthatprefershisimaginaryworldtoreality.一個(gè)喜歡假象世界甚于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的孩子；本句意為：身為一名白領(lǐng)的Maggie下班回家后總喜歡于點(diǎn)兒什么，不太喜歡什么都不干。因此選項(xiàng)D為答案。

2.

Whenitstartedtosnow,weturnedroundand______thehotel.A.gotbyB.searchedforC.madeforD.clearedup正確答案：C[解析]習(xí)語(yǔ)辨析。

此句意為“天開(kāi)始下雪，我們轉(zhuǎn)身……旅館”；getby通過(guò)，過(guò)得去，(勉強(qiáng))過(guò)活，searchfor搜尋，探求：makefor(匆匆)走向，有助于，clearup清理，收拾，消除，(天氣)放晴，因此應(yīng)選C．轉(zhuǎn)身向旅館走去。

3.

Oneimpactthattheburningof______fuelshashadontheEarth'senvironmenthasbeentheincreaseofcarbondioxideintheearth'satmosphere.A.vehicleB.oilC.gasD.fossil正確答案：D[解析]固定搭配fossil化石；但fossilfuels是固定用法，表示：(煤、石油、天然氣等)礦物燃料；本句意為：(煤、石油、天然氣等)礦物燃料的燃燒對(duì)地球環(huán)境的一個(gè)影響就是加大了地球大氣層中二氧化碳的含量。因此D為答案。

4.

Susanpreferstohaveherleft______photographedasshebelievesthat'sherbetterside.A.veilB.viewC.fringeD.profile正確答案：D[解析]veil面紗，面罩；view風(fēng)景，見(jiàn)解；fringe邊緣，劉海；profile側(cè)面，輪廓。

5.

WilliamByrdwastheownerofthelargestlibraryincolonial______.A.periodB.timeC.timesD.periods正確答案：C[解析]近義辨析。

A．period時(shí)代(可指歷史上任何一段時(shí)間，這段時(shí)間可長(zhǎng)可短)，期間(適用于任何目的或任何長(zhǎng)短的時(shí)間范圍)；B．time時(shí)間，時(shí)機(jī)，時(shí)期，期限；C．times時(shí)期(歷史上的時(shí)代或時(shí)期)；D．period周期；因此C是答案。

6.

She______somesaltonherfoodtomakeittastebetter.A.sprinkledB.sprayedC.scatteredD.dispersed正確答案：A[解析]本題是說(shuō)她在食物上面撒了些鹽，使它的味道更好些。A項(xiàng)的“sprinkle撒……于(某物表面)”符合題意。如：Shesprinkledsugaronthecakes.(她把糖撒在蛋糕上。)其他三項(xiàng)“spray噴射，噴濺；scatter分散，散開(kāi)；disperse分散，疏散”都不正確。

7.

Evenafterhavingtheirgrandchildrenlivewiththemfortenyears,thecouplefeltthatchildrenthesedayswasthemostdifficultofallfamilymatters.A.risingB.raisingC.caringD.takingcare正確答案：B[解析]近義辨析。

A．rising是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能帶賓語(yǔ)；B．raising撫養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)；C．caring關(guān)心；D．takingcare照料，照顧，但后面要用of；因此B為答案。

8.

Bascahas______hisfirstprizeattheIntelScienceTalentSearch,thepremiernationalhighschoolsciencecompetition.A.landedB.lentC.renderedD.brought正確答案：A[解析]詞義辨析。

land使登陸，使上岸，使處于；獲得，捕獲(常用于口語(yǔ))如：Helandedacontractforbuildingafactory．他得到了一個(gè)承建工廠的合同。lend借出，貸款，增添；render使……成為，報(bào)答；bring拿來(lái)，取來(lái)，帶來(lái)；因此答案為A。

9.

Tedhasbeenlivingintownforonlyhalfayear;yetheseemstobe______witheveryonehemeets.A.accustomedB.consciousC.acquaintedD.acknowledged正確答案：C[解析]習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配A.accustom(與to連用)使習(xí)慣于……。例如：Theyhadtoaccustomthemselvestothehotweather.他們不得不使自己習(xí)慣于炎熱的天氣；B.beconsciousof知道；beacquaintedwith熟悉；D.acknowledge表示：承認(rèn)，公認(rèn)為，認(rèn)為；例如：Iacknowledgethetruthofhisstatement.我承認(rèn)他說(shuō)的是事實(shí)。根據(jù)句意：Ted在這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)只住了半年，然而他似乎已熟悉了他所遇到的每一個(gè)人，本句答案應(yīng)為C。

10.

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto______theconsequences.A.answerforB.runintoC.abidebyD.stepinto正確答案：A[解析]answerfor是“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”。B．runinto是“陷入，碰到”；C．a(chǎn)bideby是“遵守”；D．stepinto是“進(jìn)入，走進(jìn)”。

11.

Hedidn'tnoticemeinthecrowd;buthespottedmysisterwhowas______becauseofherredhair.A.consciousB.conspicuousC.dimD.conscientious正確答案：B[解析]本題是說(shuō)他沒(méi)在人群中發(fā)現(xiàn)我，但發(fā)現(xiàn)了我姐姐，因?yàn)樗募t發(fā)非常惹人注目。B項(xiàng)的“conspicuous顯著的”符合題意。如：Hewasconspicuousforhisbravery.(他因驍勇而出名)。其他三項(xiàng)“consclous有意識(shí)的；dim暗淡的，模糊的；conscientious盡責(zé)的”都不正確。

12.

Itdiscussesthemajoreconomic,institutionalsocialandgeographical______thatneedtobeaddressedintheappropriateintroductionanduseofthistechnology.A.frontsB.commentsC.factsD.aspects正確答案：D[解析]近義詞辨析A．fronts，表示：前面，前線；B．comments評(píng)論；C．facts事實(shí)，實(shí)際，實(shí)情；D．a(chǎn)spects(問(wèn)題等的)方面，樣子，外表，面貌；而本句意為：它談?wù)摰氖侵饕慕?jīng)濟(jì)、制度。社會(huì)以及地理方面的問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題需要以適當(dāng)?shù)慕榻B和術(shù)語(yǔ)的使用來(lái)提出。因此D為答案。

13.

Themagicianpickedoutseveralpersons______fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.A.byaccidentB.onaverageC.onoccasionD.atrandom正確答案：D[解析]byaccident偶然的；onaverage平均的；onoccasion有時(shí)；atrandom隨意的。

14.

Amirageisanoptical______.A.allusionB.delusionC.elusionD.illusion正確答案：D

15.

Shedroppedhervoiceasshestartedto______thatshehadfalleninlovewiththepoet.A.impressB.expressC.suppressD.confess正確答案：D[解析]形近識(shí)別

A．impress蓋印，留下印象；B．express表達(dá)，表示；C．suppress鎮(zhèn)壓，抑制，查禁；D．confess承認(rèn)，坦白，懺悔(尤指承認(rèn)或坦白自己所做的錯(cuò)事或令自己感到窘迫的事)。所以答案為D。

16.

Wirelessanddigitaltechnologiesprovideaffordablecommunication______toanswertheneedforindividualaccessandconvenience.A.infrastructuresB.accommodationsC.industriesD.institutes正確答案：A[解析]名詞辨析A．infrastructures基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)；B．a(chǎn)ccommodations住處，膳宿；C．industries工業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè)，行業(yè)；D．institutes學(xué)會(huì)，學(xué)院，協(xié)會(huì)；在此因指“無(wú)線和數(shù)碼技術(shù)為滿足個(gè)人用戶利用花費(fèi)得起的通訊設(shè)施提供了途徑和方便”；communicationinfrastructures指基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(如：教育，運(yùn)輸，通訊等設(shè)施)，因此A為答案。

17.

Peterwill______asmanagingdirectorwhenBillretires.A.takeoffB.takeoverC.taketoD.takeup正確答案：B[解析]本題需要弄清楚以take為中心的四個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的意思。A項(xiàng)的takeoff意思是“(飛機(jī)等)起飛”，B項(xiàng)的takeover意思是“接替，接任”，C項(xiàng)的taketo意思是“逃去某處；對(duì)……產(chǎn)生好感；逐漸習(xí)慣于做……”，D項(xiàng)的takeup意思是“繼續(xù)”。根據(jù)題意，B為正確答案。

18.

Ishouldliketorentahouse,thatismodern,cozyand,______,inaconvenientplace.A.beforeallB.aboveallC.overallD.firstofall正確答案：B[解析]習(xí)語(yǔ)辨析。

B．a(chǎn)boveall首先，首要(一般是指幾種并列成分中最重要的或最受關(guān)注的)；

C．overall遍及；D．firstofall首先(一般放在要依次羅列的事情的開(kāi)頭)；所以B是答案。

19.

______alanguagefamilyisagroupoflanguageswithacommonoriginandsimilarvocabulary,grammar,andsoundsystem.A.WhatlinguistscallB.ItiscalledbylinguistsC.LinguistscallitD.Whatdolinguistscall正確答案：A[解析]語(yǔ)法應(yīng)用。

本句是用名詞性從句Whatdolinguistscallalanguagefamily作主語(yǔ)；意思是語(yǔ)言學(xué)家將一組有著共同起源，類(lèi)似詞匯、語(yǔ)法及音系的語(yǔ)言稱(chēng)為語(yǔ)系。

20.

Asaresultoftheirfrequentlitters,rabbitshavethereputationofbeing______.A.ruthlessB.prolificC.practicalD.rational正確答案：B[解析]ruthless無(wú)情的；prolific多產(chǎn)的，大量繁殖的；practical實(shí)際的；rational合理的，理性的。

Part2VocabularyReplacement1.

ParentswhospeakequivocallymaycausetheirchildrentobecomeconfuseD．A.ambiguouslyB.angrilyC.adverselyD.contemptuously正確答案：A

2.

Suchlegalentitiesprovidethemeansforinternationalcooperationandsupportofmacroprojectsrelatedtothemoonandmarsthatencourageglobalprivatesectorparticipation.A.existencesB.vitalitiesC.persistencesD.complicities正確答案：A[解析]名詞辨析entities實(shí)體；A．existences存在，存在物；B．vitalities活力，生命力；C．persistences堅(jiān)持，持續(xù)；D．complicities同謀，共犯；因此A為答案。

3.

Thejokekilledtheaudience.A.madetheaudiencelaughtodeathB.madetheaudienceunimaginativeC.madetheaudienceverypainfulD.madetheaudienceverynervous正確答案：C[解析]動(dòng)詞辨析Kill在本句中表示：令某人煩惱、傷心、關(guān)注(與annoy同義)；例：Itkillsmetoseehimworkingsohard.看到他工作那么辛苦我很擔(dān)心。A.madetheaudiencelanghtodeath使觀眾笑到死；B.madetheaudienceunimaginative使觀眾感到無(wú)趣；C.madetheaudienceverypainful令觀眾感到痛苦；D.madetheaudienceverynervous令觀眾感到緊張；因此C為答案。

4.

Hestoodaside,registeringthevivacityoftheschoollife.A.magnificenceB.confrontationC.animationD.panorama正確答案：C

5.

Oneoftherealservicesofthehistoricalnovelisnotthatitcanbeasubstituteforhistory,butthatitcanbea(n)extension.A.complimentB.supplementC.instrumentD.replacement正確答案：B[解析]本題中，extension的意思是“延長(zhǎng)，擴(kuò)展”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，supplement的意思是“補(bǔ)充，附錄”，如：supplementone'sordinaryincomebywritingbooks(著書(shū)以增加正常的收入。)compliment的意思是“稱(chēng)贊，問(wèn)候”；instrument的意思是“工具，手段”；replacement的意思是“歸還，復(fù)位”。只有B符合題意。

6.

Nuclearpower,withallitsinherentproblems,isstilltheonlyoptiontoguaranteeenoughenergyinthefuture.A.solutionB.policyC.choiceD.reason正確答案：C[解析]C項(xiàng)的意思是“選擇”與“option選擇”的意思相吻合。A項(xiàng)“解決”；B項(xiàng)“政策、規(guī)定”；D項(xiàng)“理由，原因”。[譯文]核能雖然有其固有的缺點(diǎn)，但要保障未來(lái)的能源供應(yīng)，它是唯一的選擇。

7.

Youmustbetired,buttrytohangontillallthework'sfinished．A.stopworkingB.keepworkingC.waitD.rest正確答案：B

8.

MaryMcCarthy'ssatiresarecouchedintheprosestylethathasaclassicprecision.A.fusedB.prefacedC.standardizedD.expressed正確答案：D[解析]動(dòng)詞辨析。

couch表達(dá)，隱含，措詞；如：Poetscouchtheirfeelinginbeautifullanguage。

詩(shī)人用美麗的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)他們的感受。fuse熔合，使結(jié)合；preface為……寫(xiě)序言，作為……的開(kāi)端；standardize使符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；express表達(dá)，表示；如：Sheexpressedherappreciationfortheirgracioushospitality．她對(duì)他們的殷勤款待表示感謝。

9.

Teachersandnurseswhodealwithchildrenareobligedtoreportcasesofsuspectedchildabusetoauthorities.A.remindedB.expectedC.compelledD.requested正確答案：D[解析]題干中的beobliged意為“有義務(wù)做某事”。A項(xiàng)“使想起”；B項(xiàng)“預(yù)料”；C項(xiàng)“被迫”；D項(xiàng)“有義務(wù)”。只有D項(xiàng)與題干中劃線單詞意義相近。

10.

Themandivedintotherivertohelp,irrespectiveofhisowndanger.A.regardlessB.respectiveC.respectivelyD.inclusive正確答案：A[解析]A項(xiàng)regardless“不顧，不管”與句中的irrespective“不顧，不考慮”同義。其他選項(xiàng)則與此意義大相徑庭：respective“各自的”，respectively“分別地”和inclusive“包括的”。

11.

Histalentformusicremainedlatentuntilhiswifeboughthimaguitar.A.hiddenB.sophisticatedC.delicateD.profound正確答案：A[解析]本題中，latent的意思是“潛伏的，隱藏的”。A項(xiàng)“hidden隱藏的”符合題意，如：Thatoldcottageishiddenamongtrees.(那座古老的農(nóng)舍隱藏在樹(shù)林中。)其他三項(xiàng)“sophisticated復(fù)雜的；delicate精密的；profound深刻的”都不正確。

12.

Foralltheirprotestations,theyheededthejudge'sruling.A.InspiteofB.OnbehalfofC.BecauseofD.Without正確答案：A[解析]詞語(yǔ)辨析。

for既可作介詞，又可作連詞：此句中的for作連詞，表示“盡管，雖然”。inspiteof不管，不顧：onbehalfof代表，becauseof因?yàn)?；without(表示條件)如果沒(méi)有，所以答案為A。注意：for作介詞時(shí)，有表理由、原因的“因……的理由”之意。

13.

Sheembellishedthesimpledresswithcolorfulembroidery.A.madeB.decoratedC.sewedD.improved正確答案：B[解析]動(dòng)詞辨析。

embellished．修飾，裝飾。A.made制做，制造；B．decorated裝飾；C．sewed縫制，D.improved改進(jìn)，改良。

14.

Hemaskedhisfearbyashowofconfidence.A.demonstratedB.betrayedC.putupwithD.concealed正確答案：D[解析]選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏”和mask“掩飾”意義相近。其他選項(xiàng)demonstrate“展示”、betray“出賣(mài)”和putupwith“忍受”均與其詞義相距甚遠(yuǎn)。

15.

In1937EleanorRoosevelt,whowasadiscemingstateswomaninherownright,becamethefirstwifeofaUnitedStatesPresidenttoholdapressconference.A.perceptiveB.controversialC.generousD.respected正確答案：A

Part3CorrectingGrammaticalErrors1.

Iwouldhavefinishedmypaperifitwasatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.A.haditbeenB.wereitC.ithadbeenD.itwere正確答案：A[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用本句考察的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的應(yīng)用：因本句表達(dá)得是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句用的是wouldhavefinished，那么if從句應(yīng)用hadbeendone句式；如將條件從句中的訌省略時(shí)，had需與主語(yǔ)倒裝；因此A為答案。

2.

Agooddictionarywillhelpyouupinyourreading.A.inB.outC.downD.through正確答案：B[解析]固定搭配

helpsbout幫助某人解決難題/擺脫困境；而helpsb.down攙扶某人下來(lái)；所以選項(xiàng)B．為答案。

3.

Justlastweek,forexample,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)announcedthedisturbingdisclosurethatSARSmaybeprettydeadlierthanpreviouslybelieved.A.veryB.farC.especiallyD.none正確答案：B

4.

Whenpeoplehavenowilltolive,peopleareoftenverydifficulttohelp.A.youareB.theyareC.itisD.theotheris正確答案：B[解析]本句意為：一旦某人失去生存下去的意念，別人很難幫助他們。本句是不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義的一種句型：不定式在形容詞easy,difficult,hard,comfortable,pleasant等后作狀語(yǔ)，這類(lèi)句子的主語(yǔ)(可指人，可指物)是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，此時(shí)不定式用主動(dòng)式，不用被動(dòng)式。因此B為答案。

5.

Ourplandidn'tgetupthegroundbecausenoonecouldcome.A.getoverB.getonC.getoffD.getthrough正確答案：C[解析]習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配

A．getover爬過(guò)，克服，熬過(guò)，恢復(fù)；B．geton生活，融洽相處，進(jìn)展；C．getoff開(kāi)始，(使)取得進(jìn)展，出發(fā)；D．getthrough到達(dá)，做完，打通；因此選項(xiàng)C為答案。

6.

Iknewnothingofthemotivesbehindhisrecentmove,andIdon'tknoweitherthepersontoputhimuptotheaction.A.nordidIknow...whoB.notdidIknow...thatC.nordoIknow...thatD.eitherdidIknow...who正確答案：A

7.

Thechildrenshouldsay"thankyou"toyouwhenyougavethemgifts.A.hadsaidB.besayingC.havesaidD.saying正確答案：C[解析]本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：當(dāng)你給孩子們禮物時(shí)，他們本應(yīng)該對(duì)你說(shuō)“謝謝你”的?！皊hould/oughtto+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”用來(lái)評(píng)論過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并未做的動(dòng)作，含有批評(píng)之意。言外之意是孩子們沒(méi)有說(shuō)謝謝。因此，答案為C。

8.

Duringmanysectorsarefoundering,the$21billionvideogame-softwareindustryisbooming,addinggamedevelopersatarateof2,500ayearintheUnitedStatesalone.A.WhenB.WhereasC.WouldD.While正確答案：D[解析]語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。

本題的意思是“盡管許多行業(yè)面臨破產(chǎn)，可這家210億美元的影視軟件行業(yè)卻在蓬勃發(fā)展，僅在美國(guó)影視發(fā)展商就以每年2,500的速度增加?！庇纱丝梢?jiàn)，4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有while有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思。

9.

Professionalsinvolvinginsuchdevelopmentshouldhaveauniquesenseofinnovation,theabilitytoassimilatenewinformation,outstandingdevelopmentskillsandastrivingsenseofinternationalcooperation.A.involvedtoB.involvedasC.involvingasD.involvedin正確答案：D[解析]固定搭配及結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用Involve(常與in連用)；因?yàn)樵诖薸nvolvein表示：“所涉及到的，包括”，含有被動(dòng)的含義，因此在此作定語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞，放在所修飾的詞后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句(professionalswhoareinvolvedin...)；因此D為答案。

10.

Ifbeingcarriedoutsuccessfully,theplanwillcompletelychangethetrafficconditionsinthecity.A.carriedB.iscarriedC.havingbeencarriedD.tocarry正確答案：A[解析]當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，狀語(yǔ)從句可以用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。本句完整的句子應(yīng)為“ifitiscarriedoutsuccessfully...”，變成省略句時(shí)，直接用“if+過(guò)去分詞”，因此A為答案。

11.

Theexperienceofforeigncountriesisworthlearningfromandtakingforreference.A.learningandreferenceB.ourlearningandourreferenceC.ourlearningfromandtakingforreferenceD.ourlearningandmakereferenceto正確答案：C[解析]beworth(doing)something常用來(lái)表示(某事有趣，有用或有益)值得去做。如：Alotofthesmalltownsintheareaaredefinitelyworthvisiting.(這一地區(qū)的許多小鎮(zhèn)很值得游覽。)在此句中something是指我們學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒，所以應(yīng)用ourlearningfromandtakingforreference選項(xiàng)C為答案。

12.

Iseefourkindsofpressureworkingoncollegestudentstoday:economicpressure,parentalpressure,peerpressure,butself-inducedpressure.A.andB.orC.nilD.with正確答案：A[解析]連詞應(yīng)用。

此句意為：我看到有四種壓力影響著現(xiàn)今的大學(xué)生：來(lái)自經(jīng)濟(jì)的壓力、父母的壓力、同齡人的壓力以及自己造成的壓力。主句先總括，后面分述四種壓力，它們是并列的，所以應(yīng)用并列連詞and，or表示否定，nil是名詞，意為“零，無(wú)”；with是介詞。

13.

Savingtimeandlabor,cartoonistsgenerallydrawthehandsoftheircharacterswithonlythreefingersandathumb．A.SaveB.SavedC.TosaveD.Thesaving正確答案：C

14.

Ofcourse,therehavebeentimes,asayoungman,whenIgottiredfromstudyanddevotedmytimetoplaying.A.tiredofB.gottiredofC.tiredupD.usedtotireof正確答案：B[解析]固定搭配

gettiredof對(duì)……厭煩了；因此選項(xiàng)B為答案。

ⅡReadingComprehension

Alargepartofeffectiveleadershipisdependentonsomethingcalled"style".Butstyleisdifficulttoteach,andwhatmakesoneleadergreatandanothermediocreisnoteasilydefined.Leadershipalwaysimpliespower,andabroaddefinitioninthiscontextisthatleadershipincludesthepowertoinfluencethoughtsandactionsofothersinsuchawaythattheyachievehighersatisfactionand/orperformance.Overthepastcentury,therehavebeenthreemajorapproachestounderstandingleadership.

Identifyingleadershiptraits,orthephysicalandpsychologicalcharacteristicsofleaders,wasthefirstformalapproach,andhadalotofintuitiveappeal.Itoweditsoriginstothemmofthecentury(about1904)whentraitstudiesbegan.AtthistimemostAmericanleaderscamefromcertainwealthyfamilies,thevastmajoritywerewhitemales,andthereweresomesocialnormsaboutwhatleaderslookedlike(tall,squarejaw,wellgroomed,etc.).Theoriginalassumptionthat"leadersareborn,notmade"hasbeendiscredited,becausethereweretoomanyexceptionstothetraitstogivethemanycredibility.BeginningafterWorldWarII,insharpcontrasttothetraitapproach,thebehavioralapproachlookedatwhataleaderdoes,whatbehaviorsleadersusethatsetthemapartfromothers.Thisapproachassumedthatleadershipcouldbelearned.Virtuallyallofthestudiesfocusedonclassifyingbehaviorsaccordingtowhethertheyfellintoaprocessor"peopleapproach"(satisfyingindividualneeds),ora"taskapproach"(gettingthejobdone).Thebasisforthisclassificationwasinthediscoveryinsocialpsychologythateverygroupneedssomeonetofulfillboththeserolesinthegroupforittobeeffective.TheearliestofthesestudiesbeganinOhioStateUniversityandtheUniversityofMichiganinthelate1940s.Manyoftheearlytraitandbehavioralwriterstriedtomaketheirideasapplicabletoallleadershipsituations.Theearliestsituationalapproachtoleadershipwasdevelopedin1958.Thisapproachstrivedtoidentifycharacteristicsofthesituationthatallowedoneleadertobeeffectivewhereanotherwasnot.Thetrendlaterdevelopedtowardthethirdapproach,understandingtheuniquecharacteristicsofasituationandwhatkindofleadershipstylebestmatcheswiththese.1.

WhichofthefollowingquestionsdoestheauthoranswerinParagraph1?A.Whatis"style"?B.Ispowerthemostimportantaspectofleadership?C.Howmanymainhistoricalapproacheshavetherebeentoleadership?D.Whyisleadershipsodifficulttodefine?正確答案：C[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型

見(jiàn)本段最后一句：Overthepastcentury,therehavebeenthreemajorapproachestounderstandingleadership．(在過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)，共有三種主要的理解領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力的方式。)作者試圖回答歷史上有幾種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式；因此答案為C。

2.

Theword"context"underlinedinParagraph1mostprobablymeans______.A.settingB.limitC.generalityD.work正確答案：A[解析]詞義題型

在此inthis“context”指前面所提的狀況或情景，因此與選項(xiàng)A．背景，場(chǎng)景，環(huán)境，意思相同；因此A為答案。

3.

Theassumptionthat"leadersareborn,notmade"haslostcredibilitybecause______.A.bettertheorieshavesincebeendevelopedB.thereweretoomanyexceptionstotheruleC.itwasfoundnottobethemostimportantfactorD.itwasnotprovedafterWorldWarII正確答案：B[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型

見(jiàn)第二段第四句：Theoriginalassumptionthat"leadersareborn,notmade"hasbeendiscredited,becausethereweretoomanyexceptionstothetraitstogivethemanycredibility.(由于這些特性有太多的例外，最初的假定“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是天生而不是后天造就的”變得不足以令人信服了)，因此B為答案。

4.

AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingisNOToneofthethreemajorapproachestounderstandingleadership?A.Situation.B.Trait.C.Power.D.Behavior.正確答案：C[解析]是非題型

見(jiàn)第二段：第一至第八行講的是traitstudies，第八行至第十一行講的是behavioralapproach，之后講的是situationalapproach；因此C為答案。

5.

Theword"norms"underlinedinParagraph2mostprobablymeans______.A.requirementsB.acceptanceC.preferenceD.standards正確答案：D[解析]詞義題型

見(jiàn)第二段：AtthistimemostAmericanleaderscamefromcertainwealthyfamilies,thevastmajoritywerewhitemales,andthereweresomesocialnormsaboutwhatleaderslookedlike(tall,squarejaw,wellgroomed,etc.).在這一期間，大多數(shù)美國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人來(lái)自于相當(dāng)富裕的家庭，其中絕大多數(shù)是白人男性，同時(shí)關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的長(zhǎng)相(如：個(gè)子高大，方下巴，外形修飾的很好)還有一些社會(huì)______；根據(jù)上下文，此處講的是traitstudies，是要鑒別領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的特質(zhì)——外觀上和心理上的；因此社會(huì)認(rèn)為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人要滿足某些特性和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；因此D為答案。

6.

Theword"them"underlinedinParagraph2mostprobablymeans______.A.assumptionsB.leadersC.exceptionsD.traits正確答案：D[解析]詞義題型

此處的“them”的是前面所提到的thetraits(本句意為：由于就這些特質(zhì)來(lái)說(shuō)有太多的例外，因此人們無(wú)法給與這些特質(zhì)以任何的信任，此處用的是too...to...句型)，因此C為答案。

7.

Whatwastheassumptionofthebehavioralapproach?A.Thatleadersareborn,notmade.B.Thatleadershipcouldbelearned.C.Thatleadershipcouldbeclassifiedintotwofunctions.D.Thateveryeffectivegroupneedssomeonetofilleachofthetworoles.正確答案：B[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型

見(jiàn)第二段第九行：...thebehavioralapproachlookedatwhataleaderdoes,whatbehaviorsleadenusethatsetthemapartfromothers.Thisapproachassumedthatleadershipcouldbelearned.(行為舉止的方法關(guān)注領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人做什么，他們與其他人的行為舉止有何不同。這個(gè)方法假定領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力是能學(xué)來(lái)的)；因此B為答案。

8.

Whatisthefoundationfortheclassificationofbehaviorsinthebehavioralapproach?A.Thataneffectivegroupneedsbothtaskandprocessrolesfulfilled.B.Thatgettingthejobdoneisamoreimportanttaskthansatisfyingindividualneeds.C.Thatbothcouldbetaught.D.Thatbothcouldbeappliedtoallleadershipsituations.正確答案：A[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型

見(jiàn)第二段第十三行：Thebasisforthisclassificationwasinthediscoveryinsocialpsychologythateverygroupneedssomeonetofillboththeserolesinthegroupforittobeeffective.(這一分類(lèi)的基礎(chǔ)在于社會(huì)心理學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即：每一個(gè)團(tuán)體都需要有人來(lái)完成這一群體中的這些任務(wù)[指上句所提的任務(wù)和過(guò)程]來(lái)使之有效)，因此答案為A。

9.

Theword"strived"underlinedinParagraph2means______.A.achievedB.stressedC.triedD.failed正確答案：C[解析]詞義題型

見(jiàn)第二段：Theearliestsituationalapproachtoleadershipwasdevelopedin1958.Thisapproachstrivedtoidentifycharacteristicsofthesituationthatallowedoneleadertobeeffectivewhereanotherwasnot.Thetrendlaterdevelopedtoward...(認(rèn)為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能的獲得是)環(huán)境方法最早起源于1958年)，這一方法______認(rèn)為是環(huán)境的不同特點(diǎn)使得一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人有別于常人。之后這一趨勢(shì)朝著……方向發(fā)展。根據(jù)上下文可知，開(kāi)始人們?cè)噲D證明是環(huán)境使得領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人與常人有別，后來(lái)……；因此選項(xiàng)D為答案。

10.

Whichofthethreeapproachestendedtolatergainmostacceptance?A.situationB.traitC.powerD.behavior正確答案：A[解析]推斷題型

通讀全文可見(jiàn)文中提到的三種方法：一是traitstudies(起源于二十世紀(jì)初——大約1904年)，二是behavioralapproach(起源于二十世紀(jì)四十年代晚期)，三是situationalapproach(起源于1958年)；文中還提到第一種方法無(wú)法令人信服，還提到前兩種方法的作者都試圖使自己的見(jiàn)解能應(yīng)用于所有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人；但只在最后提到第三種方法后來(lái)發(fā)展成為弄清環(huán)境所獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn)以及何種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)類(lèi)型能最好地與這些特點(diǎn)相匹配；由此推斷第三種方法最終被人們接受，因此A為答案。

Aboutfiftyyearsago,plantphysiologistssetouttogrowrootsbythemselvesinsolutionsinlaboratoryflasks.Thescientistsfoundthatthenutritionofisolatedrootswasquitesimple.Theyrequiredsugarandtheusualmineralsandvitamins.However,theydidnotrequireorganicnitrogencompounds.Theserootsgotalongfineonmineralinorganicnitrogen.Rootsarecapableofmakingtheirownproteinsandotherorganiccompounds.Theseactivitiesbyrootsrequireenergy,ofcourse:TheprocessofrespirationusessugartomakethehighenergycompoundATP,whichdrivesthebiochemicalreactions.Respirationalsorequiresoxygen.Highlyactiverootsrequireagooddealofoxygen.

Thestudyofisolatedrootshasprovidedanunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenshootsandrootsinintactplants.Theleavesoftheshootsprovidetherootswithsugarandvitamins,andtherootsprovidetheshootswithwaterandminerals.Inaddition,rootscanprovidetheshootswithorganicnitrogencompounds.Thiscomesinhandyforthegrowthofbudsintheearlyspringwhenleavesarenotyetfunctioning.Onceleavesbeginphotosynthesizing,theyproduceprotein,butonlymatureleavescan"export"proteintotherestoftheplantintheformofaminoacids.11.

Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Therelationshipbetweenaplant'srootsanditsshoots.B.Whatcanbelearnedbygrowingrootsinisolation.C.Howplantscanbegrownwithoutroots.D.Whatelementsarenecessaryforthegrowthofplants.正確答案：A[解析]

主旨題型。

見(jiàn)本文主旨句，第二段第一句：Thestudyofisolatedrootshasprovidedanunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenshootsandrootsinintactplants．(第一段談的是thestudyofisolatedroots；第二段談的是therelationshipbetweenshootsandroots)：因此選項(xiàng)A應(yīng)為答案。

12.

Theunderlinedword"themselves"inParagraph1refersto______A.plantphysiologistsB.solutionsC.laboratoryflasksD.roots正確答案：A[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。

見(jiàn)第一段第一句：Aboutfiftyyearsago，plantphysiologistssetouttogrowrootsbythemselvesinsolutionsinlaboratoryflasks，這里指plantphysiologists自己培育根用作物；因此themselves在此應(yīng)為正確選項(xiàng)。

13.

Thescientistsfoundwhattheisolatedrootsneedis______A.quitenaturalB.sugar,mineralsandvitaminsC.somerarevitaminsD.organicnitrogencompounds正確答案：B[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。

見(jiàn)第一段第三句：Theyrequiredsugarandtheusualmineralsandvitamins．所以選項(xiàng)B是答案。

14.

Rootshavetheabilityto______A.makeproteinsB.obtainfreshairC.produceinorganicnitrogenD.carryoutactivitieswithoutenergy正確答案：A[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。

見(jiàn)第一段第六句：Rootsarecapableofmakingtheirownproteinsandotherorganiccompounds．所以選項(xiàng)A是答案。

15.

Accordingtothepassage,whatisATP?A.Abiochemicalprocess.B.Thetipofaroot.C.Achemicalcompound.D.Atypeofplantcell.正確答案：C[解析]推斷題型。

第一段提到(塊)根需要sugarandtheusualmineralsandvitamins，但不需要organicnitrogencompounds，因(塊)根可自造所需的蛋白質(zhì)和其它organiccompounds；這里反復(fù)提到的organiccompounds應(yīng)包括thehighenergycompoundATP(見(jiàn)第一段倒數(shù)第二句)；因此可推斷出選項(xiàng)C(一種化合物)為答案。

16.

Theunderlinedword"intact"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______A.matureB.wildC.wholeD.tiny正確答案：C[解析]詞義題型。

本句意為：對(duì)于分離出(孤立)的根所做的研究為了解根和芽作為一植物_____的關(guān)系提供了幫助。當(dāng)然intact應(yīng)為：包括根和芽的植物整體，因此選項(xiàng)C為答案。

17.

Theuseofthephrase"comesinhandy"underlinedinParagraph2indicatesthattheprocessis______A.unavoidableB.predictableC.necessaryD.successful正確答案：C[解析]詞義題型。

見(jiàn)第二段第四句：Thiscomesinhandyforthegrowthofbudsintheearlyspringwhenleavesarenotyetfunctioning．這對(duì)于芽(蓓蕾)在早春的生長(zhǎng)很是必要，因?yàn)槿~在那時(shí)還沒(méi)有起作用。所以comesinhandy應(yīng)表“必要”，所以選項(xiàng)C為答案。

18.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,intheearlyspring,thebudsofplants______A."export"proteinintheformofaminoacidsB.donotrequirewaterC.havebegunphotosynthesizingD.obtainorganiccompoundsfromtheroot正確答案：D[解析]推斷題型。

見(jiàn)第二段第三、四句：根為芽提供有機(jī)氮，這對(duì)于芽(蓓蕾)在早春的生長(zhǎng)很是必要，因?yàn)槿~在那時(shí)還沒(méi)有起作用。因此可推斷出：在那時(shí)，植物的芽是從根處獲得有機(jī)化合物的：所以選項(xiàng)D為答案。

19.

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?A.Theresultsoftwoexperimentsarecompared.B.Ageneralizationismade,andseveralexamplesofitaregiven.C.Thefindingsofanexperimentareexplained.D.Ahypothesisispresented,andseveralmeansofprovingitaresuggested.正確答案：C[解析]主旨題型。

第二段第一句為本文的主旨。而這是植物生理學(xué)家通過(guò)研究種植在實(shí)驗(yàn)瓶中的根，及在此基礎(chǔ)上研究根、芽作為植物整體間的關(guān)系取得的；本文對(duì)此作了較詳盡的解釋。因此選項(xiàng)C為答案。

20.

Whereisthispassagelikelytobefound?A.Anewsletter.B.Amagazine.C.Astorybook.D.Anovel.正確答案：B[解析]推斷題型。

根據(jù)本篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和文體，不可能是一篇時(shí)事通訊(因發(fā)生在大約50年前)，也不會(huì)是一篇故事或小說(shuō)；在此只可能是發(fā)表在一份專(zhuān)業(yè)刊物上，因此選項(xiàng)B為答案。

Electronicmailhasbecomeanextremelyimportantandpopularmeansofcommunication.

Theconvenienceandefficiencyofelectronicmailarethreatenedbytheextremelyrapidgrowthinthevolumeofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmail.Unsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailiscurrentlyestimatedtoaccountforoverhalfofallelectronicmailtraffic,upfromanestimated7percentin2001,andthevolumecontinuestorise.Mostofthesemessagesarefraudulentordeceptiveinoneormorerespects.

Thereceiptofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailmayresultincoststorecipientswhocannotrefusetoacceptsuchmailandwhoincurcostsforthestorageofsuchmail,orforthetimespentaccessing,reviewing,anddiscardingsuchmail,orforboth.Thereceiptofalargenumberofunwantedmessagesalsodecreasestheconvenienceofelectronicmailandcreatesariskthatwantedelectronicmailmessages,bothcommercialandnoncommercial,willbelost,overlooked,ordiscardedamidstthelargervolumeofunwantedmessages,thusreducingthereliabilityandusefulnessofelectronicmailtotherecipient.Somecommercialelectronicmailcontainsmaterialthatmanyrecipientsmayconsidervulgarorpornographicinnature.

ThegrowthinunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailimposessignificantmonetarycostsonprovidersofInternetaccessservices,businesses,andeducationalandnonprofitinstitutionsthatcarryandreceivesuchmail,asthereisafinitevolumeofmailthatsuchproviders,businesses,andinstitutionscanhandlewithoutfurtherinvestmentininfrastructure.Manysendersofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailpurposefullydisguisethesourceofsuchmail.

Manysendersofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailpurposefullyincludemisleadinginformationinthemessages'subjectlinesinordertoinducetherecipientstoviewthemessages.Whilesomesendersofcommercialelectronicmailmessagesprovidesimpleandreliablewaysforrecipientstoreject(or"opt-out"of)receiptofcommercialelectronicmailfromsuchsendersinthefuture,othersendersprovidenosuch"opt-out"mechanism,orrefusetohonortherequestsofrecipientsnottoreceiveelectronicmailfromsuchsendersinthefuture,orboth.

Manysendersofbulkunsolicitedcommercialelectr