翻譯二級(jí)筆譯綜合能力模擬43

翻譯二級(jí)筆譯綜合能力模擬43Section1VocabularyandGrammarThissectionconsistsof3parts.Readthedirectionsfor（江南博哥）eachpartbeforeansweringthequestions.Part1VocabularySelectionInthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,CandDrespectively.Choosethewordwhichbestcompleteseachsentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Depressionbelongstothecategoryof______barriers,butitisnottypicallyrepresentedbypureperformanceinbehavior.A.biologicalB.mentalC.spiritualD.psychological正確答案：D[解析]近義詞辨析。題干意為“抑郁癥屬于______障礙的范疇，并非能夠通過(guò)單純的行為得以表現(xiàn)”，選項(xiàng)中只有psychological(心理的)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.

Theschooldecidedtotrimtheirteachingmethodsaccordingtothestudents'______.A.eloquenceB.feedbackC.cautionD.fluency正確答案：B[解析]近義詞辨析。題干意為“學(xué)校決定根據(jù)學(xué)生的______調(diào)整教學(xué)方法”，選項(xiàng)中只有feedback(反饋)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.

Theeffectofthisnewtechnologyis______.Somecriticsevenbelievethatthefutureofthisfieldmightbechangedbythisnewtechnology.A.imperialB.impossibleC.imponderableD.impulsive正確答案：C[解析]形近詞辨析。題干意為“這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的效果是______，一些評(píng)論家甚至認(rèn)為它可能會(huì)改變這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的未來(lái)”，選項(xiàng)中只有imponderable(難以估量的)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.

Inthefinancialcrisiswehadto______theirexpenditures,whichcausedasignificantreductionoftheirsalary.A.retreatB.retrieveC.retrenchD.retrace正確答案：C[解析]近義詞辨析。題干意為“在金融危機(jī)中，我們不得不______他們的開(kāi)支，這使他們的工資大大減少”，選項(xiàng)中只有retrench(削減開(kāi)支)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.

Itwouldbewrongto______someoneforerroneousremarksbecauseitisimpossibleforpeopletogeteverythingrightwhentheyexpresstheirdissatisfaction.A.reprieveB.reproachC.replenishD.repress正確答案：B[解析]形近詞語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“______別人的錯(cuò)誤言論是不對(duì)的，因?yàn)楫?dāng)人們表達(dá)不滿(mǎn)時(shí)不可能把每件事都做對(duì)”，選項(xiàng)中只有reproach(責(zé)備)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.

Theenvironmentalproblemdemonstratesa______

ofourmodemlife,whichisconfrontedtoeverygovernmenttosolve.A.dilatoryB.delicacyC.dilemmaD.delusion正確答案：C[解析]近義詞語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“環(huán)境問(wèn)題對(duì)我們的現(xiàn)代生活來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)______，各國(guó)政府都需要去解決”，選項(xiàng)中只有dilemma(兩難困境)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合語(yǔ)用習(xí)慣以及上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.

Thenewlawrepresentsrecentandcurrentrequirementsfornewfoodadditivesandnewactive______forfoodproducts.A.ingredientsB.constituentsC.elementsD.components正確答案：A[解析]語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“這項(xiàng)新法律對(duì)近期和當(dāng)前食品添加劑和食品活性提出了要求”，選項(xiàng)中只有[active]ingredients(活性成分)能構(gòu)成符合英文語(yǔ)用習(xí)慣的搭配，故只有A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.

Intheircountry,drunkdrivingisafelony,butdrivinganautomobileinexcessofthespeedlimitisa______.A.misdemeanorB.misconductC.mistakeD.misbehavior正確答案：A[解析]形近詞語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“在他們國(guó)家，酒后駕車(chē)是重罪，但超速駕駛是______”，選項(xiàng)中只有misdemeanor(輕罪，行為不端)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.

Thespokesmansaidthatourpowergrowsthroughits______use;oursecurityemanatesfromthejustnessofourcause,theforceofourexample,thetemperingqualitiesofhumilityandrestraint.A.arrogantB.prudentC.shrewdD.conceited正確答案：B[解析]語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“發(fā)言人認(rèn)為，正是因?yàn)閷?duì)力量的______使用，我們的實(shí)力才不斷增強(qiáng)；正是因?yàn)槲覀兊氖聵I(yè)是公正的，我們?yōu)槭澜鐦?shù)立了榜樣，我們謙卑和節(jié)制，我們才安全”，選項(xiàng)中只有prudent(謹(jǐn)慎的)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.

Agoodteachershouldpossess______suchasknowledge,creativity,multitaskingandmore.A.endowmentsB.charactersC.propertiesD.qualities正確答案：D[解析]近義詞語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“一個(gè)好老師應(yīng)該具備知識(shí)豐富、創(chuàng)造力強(qiáng)、可處理多任務(wù)等諸多______”，選項(xiàng)中只有qualities(品質(zhì))的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.

Pessimists______

toatragicsenseofhumannatureandcannotreallyenjoythepleasureoflivingasahumanbeing.A.clineB.clusterC.clayD.cling正確答案：D[解析]語(yǔ)用搭配辨析。題干意為“悲觀(guān)者_(dá)_____人性的悲觀(guān)意識(shí)，他們無(wú)法真正感受到人活著的樂(lè)趣”，選項(xiàng)中只有cling[to](堅(jiān)持)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合語(yǔ)用習(xí)慣的搭配，故只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.

Asthenewepidemicspreadthroughoutthecountry,thegovernmentistryingto______thediseasewithinthatregion.A.conformB.confineC.confrontD.confirm正確答案：B[解析]形近詞語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“隨著這種新流行病在全國(guó)不斷蔓延，政府設(shè)法將疾病______在那個(gè)區(qū)域之內(nèi)”，選項(xiàng)中只有confine(限制)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.

Ontheconference,theboardmembersblamedthemanagerforhiscareless______thatcausedheavylossestothecompany.A.errorB.mistakeC.faultD.slip正確答案：B[解析]近義詞語(yǔ)用辨析。題干意為“在會(huì)上，董事會(huì)成員指責(zé)經(jīng)理粗心的______給公司造成了重大損失”，選項(xiàng)中只有mistake(錯(cuò)誤)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯以及語(yǔ)用習(xí)慣的搭配，故只有B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.

Theproblem"whowillsupervisethesupervisor"hasbeenapuzzlingpropositionthathas______theprocuratorialdepartmentsformanyyears.A.plaguedB.pledgedC.pliedD.pled正確答案：A[解析]語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“‘誰(shuí)來(lái)監(jiān)督監(jiān)督者’一直是______檢察部門(mén)多年的一個(gè)難題”，選項(xiàng)中只有plagued(困擾；折磨)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.

Thecriticsgavehighpraisesonhisfirstnovelandcommentedthathisnovel______therealacademicworldoftheWestemsociety.A.recruitsB.rebatesC.recitesD.recurs正確答案：D[解析]語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“評(píng)論家們高度贊揚(yáng)了他的第一部小說(shuō)，并認(rèn)為他的小說(shuō)______了西方學(xué)術(shù)界的真實(shí)面貌”，選項(xiàng)中只有recurs(再現(xiàn))的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.

A______lifemayresultinweakmuscletone,sallowcomplexionandasurlydisposition.A.sedimentB.sedentaryC.sedativeD.seductive正確答案：B[解析]語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“______生活可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致肌肉無(wú)力、面色蠟黃和性情乖戾”，選項(xiàng)中只有sedentary(久坐不動(dòng)的)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.

Thisarticleanalysesthenewlaw______ofwhichtheemployersandtheiraccountantsmighttakeadvantageandputforwardlegalmeasures.A.conspiraciesB.loopholesC.exceptionsD.misunderstandings正確答案：B[解析]語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“本文分析了雇主及其會(huì)計(jì)人員可能利用的新法律______，并提出了相應(yīng)的法律措施”，選項(xiàng)中只有l(wèi)oopholes(漏洞)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.

Moneyisa(n)______forbuyingandsellinginaeconomicsystemandservesasthecenterofthemonetarysystem.A.meansB.methodC.instrumentD.medium正確答案：D[解析]近義詞語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“貨幣是經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中買(mǎi)賣(mài)的______，是貨幣體系的中心”，選項(xiàng)中只有medium(媒介，中介)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.

Theprotesters'______waswhippedupbyrecentreportsinthenewspapersaboutthescandalinmeatindustry.A.encouragementB.indignationC.enthusiasmD.imagination正確答案：B[解析]語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“近期關(guān)于肉類(lèi)行業(yè)的丑聞報(bào)道引起了抗議者的______”，選項(xiàng)中只有indignation(憤慨)的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.

Thefailingofthewholeprojectforcedustoconcludethatwehad______hisabilities.A.misestimatedB.misesteemedC.underestimatedD.overestimated正確答案：D[解析]語(yǔ)義辨析。題干意為“整個(gè)項(xiàng)目的失敗讓我們不得不承認(rèn)我們______了他的能力”，選項(xiàng)中只有overestimated(過(guò)高估計(jì))的語(yǔ)義能構(gòu)成符合上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯的搭配，故只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

Part2VocabularyReplacementThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemonewordisunderlined,andbeloweach,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,CandDrespectively.Choosethewordthatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartwithoutcausinganygrammaticalerrororchangingthebasicmeaningofthesentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Onceagain,thisassumptionisimplausible.Thepublicwillnotbeoutragedifitistoldthatprecedentswillbeconfinedtotheirfacts.A.unreasonableB.unbelievableC.improbableD.insuperable正確答案：A[解析]詞義辨析。assumption傳達(dá)出足夠的暗示：“假設(shè)”不談“可不可信，可不可能”，而是需要進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，看其有沒(méi)有依據(jù)，能不能成立?？稍偻ㄟ^(guò)后句確認(rèn)。

2.

Theresearchersstresstheurgencyofpreservingoldvarietiesasbothdisease-resistantstrainsandonesthatwillthrivewithouthighlevelsofpesticideorfertilizerapplication.A.assistanceB.proficiencyC.insistenceD.prophecy正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文，此處urgency指研究人員認(rèn)為進(jìn)行保護(hù)的必要性。答案運(yùn)用形近詞進(jìn)行干擾，區(qū)分出詞義即可選出答案。

3.

Neverunderestimatehowterrifiedmanypeoplearewhenfacedwiththeprospectofgoingintoasolicitor'soffice.A.restrainedB.temperedC.spookedD.secluded正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，推斷人物心理活動(dòng)，此處terrified基本義是“感到害怕的”。

4.

Therestaurantfeaturesawide-openkitchensurroundedbywoodencountersonthreesides,whereabrigadeofassiduouschefswithwhitecapsworkinassembly-linefashion.A.intimateB.diligentC.eccentricD.dynamic正確答案：B[解析]詞義辨析。替換部分之前的語(yǔ)句交代了環(huán)境，abrigadeof和介詞短語(yǔ)inassembly-linefashion具有最強(qiáng)的提示作用，即大廚很忙。D選項(xiàng)意為“動(dòng)態(tài)的”，不可替換“忙碌、勤勞”。

5.

AlthoughothernationscontributedtoNorthSeapollution,muchofthecontaminationwastracedbacktoBritain.A.trackedB.markedC.traversedD.dated正確答案：A[解析]詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文，題干大意為“追溯源流”，D選項(xiàng)最易混淆，注意datebackto是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，替換部分之前有be，若選擇，則詞形有誤。

6.

Americanscertainlyuselotsofenergy,butlessprodigiouslythantheyoncedid.In1985theirconsumptionwasroughlythesameasin1973.A.prudentlyB.aptlyC.prosperouslyD.astonishingly正確答案：D[解析]詞義辨析。本題要注意仔細(xì)分析各選項(xiàng)的語(yǔ)義，看其是否與題干相符。原句大意為“美國(guó)人的能源消費(fèi)基數(shù)大，但增長(zhǎng)不快”，A、B選項(xiàng)與原句邏輯相左。另外，后句以具體數(shù)字和實(shí)例支撐前句，考生要善抓邏輯關(guān)系。

7.

Bakedbeansarecheapestherebutourvicesarepunished—cigarettesandalcoholcostmoreinBritain.A.forbearancesB.immoralitiesC.iniquitiesD.vacancies正確答案：B[解析]詞義辨析。替換詞既要能與punish搭配，又要符合題干語(yǔ)義語(yǔ)用。C選項(xiàng)程度過(guò)重，此處是用幽默的口吻調(diào)侃人們某些不健康的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣。A、D選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義與題干無(wú)關(guān)。

8.

Inthepast,deathstruckrightthroughthelifecycle.Childrenwereespeciallyvulnerable,butmanyalsodiedinyoungormiddleadulthood.A.superficialB.suspendibleC.sacrificialD.susceptible正確答案：D[解析]形近詞辨析。抓住題干中的death和died等詞，可以分析出某個(gè)群體是因?yàn)槭裁丛蚨劳龅?。在句中“過(guò)去”的語(yǔ)境中，死亡多半是因?yàn)獒t(yī)療水平低，體質(zhì)弱，由此推斷畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞的意思是“脆弱的，易感染病的”，所以選擇語(yǔ)義最接近的D選項(xiàng)。

9.

Afteryearsspentinacademia,he'sfindingitdifficulttoattunehimselftothecorporateculture.A.aerateB.adaptC.attributeD.adhere正確答案：B[解析]詞義辨析。本題注意搭配，替換部分既能加反身代詞himself，又能用在“...to”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，分析前后語(yǔ)義，學(xué)術(shù)界和企業(yè)界形成差異，所以會(huì)有“適應(yīng)困難”。

10.

ThelongandcomplexstoryisbrilliantlytoldbyarelayteamofscholarsassembledbytheAntiqueCollectors'Clubforthishandsomelyproducedandlavishlyillustratedbook.A.sluggishlyB.prodigallyC.slavishlyD.frugally正確答案：B[解析]詞義辨析。替換部分的語(yǔ)義應(yīng)該和handsomely以及brilliantly一樣，在動(dòng)賓/動(dòng)副修飾關(guān)系中形成相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“插圖制作非常精良”。

11.

Realdramawilluseuglinesstomagnifybeauty.A.intensifyB.solidifyC.clarifyD.citify正確答案：A[解析]形近詞辨析。如果對(duì)文學(xué)和藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的手法有基本了解，就能推出題干中“以丑寫(xiě)美”的意思。A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可根據(jù)-fy的后綴加快記憶。

12.

Theseobservationsonhumanlanguagelearning,coupledwithevolutionaryspeculationsmakeonerealizetheformidableaccomplishmentsinteachingapestheuseofacommunicationsystem.A.alluringB.fearfulC.impressiveD.acceptable正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。通過(guò)分析上下文語(yǔ)境可知，替換詞的意思并不是“可怕的”，此處與accomplishments搭配，意為“令人驚嘆的”，故答案為C選項(xiàng)。

13.

Thekitchenstaffhavetocaterforalldietsfromvegantodiabetic,andfromMuslimtoJewish.Religiousfestivalsarealwaysobserved.A.defiedB.celebratedC.rivaledD.obeyed正確答案：B[解析]詞義辨析。本題替換部分之前的Muslim(穆斯林)和Jewish(猶太人)，與Religiousfestivals(宗教節(jié)日)存在上下義關(guān)系。再由caterfor可看出“……遵守其教義規(guī)矩”，因此替換部分應(yīng)為“所有的宗教節(jié)日都要慶?！薄?/p>

14.

TheEnglishandWelsh,wholookbackontheyear1870(Forster'sEducationAct)astheeffectivestartingpointofastatesystem,werenotthefirstinEuropetorealizethatliterateworkforcewouldbeneededtomeettheevermorecomplexdemandsofindustry.A.liberalB.knowledgeableC.laboriousD.educated正確答案：D[解析]詞義辨析。根據(jù)EducationAct(教育法案)和meettheevermorecomplexdemandsofindustry(滿(mǎn)足工業(yè)對(duì)勞動(dòng)力提出的更高要求)兩處給出的提示，替換部分指勞動(dòng)力受過(guò)一定程度的教育。故選D。

15.

Theplayopenlyexposestheviolenthatreds,frustrationsandrevengeswhichinnormalfarceareburiedwellbeneaththesurface,butthisdoesnotstoptheplayfrombeingbrilliantlyfunny.A.retaliationsB.aggregationC.rewardsD.vengeances正確答案：A[解析]詞義辨析。替換詞與之前的violenthatreds和frustrations形成并列，并且語(yǔ)義一般不交叉，可利用詞根-venge幫助記憶，相關(guān)詞有avenge等。

16.

Therapywillextendtofamiliesofvictimswhooftensuffertheirowntraumabecauseoftheabuse.A.revoltB.injuryC.harmD.pain正確答案：D[解析]詞義辨析。此處trauma應(yīng)為精神或心理受到的傷害，所以選語(yǔ)義最接近的D選項(xiàng)。

17.

Itwouldbetoograndiosetosaythatthetherapyhelpedhimtosortouthisownfeelings,butatleastithelpedhimtogetafeelingofrecognition.A.nobleB.baronialC.pretentiousD.meticulous正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。A、B選項(xiàng)不符合此處語(yǔ)境，D選項(xiàng)與替換部分語(yǔ)義相反，根據(jù)上下文可以看出兩種幫助的難度和深度不同，前者顯然更難做到，所以用too...to結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示“不夸口”。

18.

ThedisputewassettledbyFacebookagreeingtogiveconsumersclearnoticeandobtaintheirexpressconsentbeforesharingtheirinformationbeyondtheirprivacysettings.A.poisedB.saturatedC.puzzledD.solved正確答案：D[解析]詞義辨析?？忌饘選項(xiàng)理解為“權(quán)衡利弊”而代入本題“爭(zhēng)端、討論”的語(yǔ)境。也要注意動(dòng)賓搭配積累：settle/solvethedispute/problem/issue/conflict等。

19.

Herworseningsymptoms—theforgetfulnessandconfusion,thedifficultiescommunicatingandorganizingactivities—weren'tjuststressorthenormalwearandtearofaging.A.deterioratingB.impairingC.decliningD.meliorating正確答案：A[解析]詞義辨析。B選項(xiàng)通常搭配的是身體或者智力的某種機(jī)能，C選項(xiàng)不能與“癥狀”搭配，D選項(xiàng)與替換部分語(yǔ)義相反。

20.

Withoutactionthatsupportswomen'sliberation,thepromisesactasjustamiragefortheSaudipeople.A.descentB.delusionC.daydreamD.disturbance正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。注意題干中promises的言外之意，若沒(méi)有action(具體行動(dòng))，promises就會(huì)成為空談，B選項(xiàng)側(cè)重“被人誤導(dǎo)或辨別能力有問(wèn)題，分不清真假”，因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

Part3ErrorCorrectionThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemthereisanunderlinedpartthatindicatesagrammaticalerror,andbeloweach,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,CandDrespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartsothattheerroriscorrected.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Chineseinvestmentstherehavesoared,tonearly$40bnin2016—almostwhatthepreviousyears'total.A.100%thepreviousyears'totalB.whichofthepreviousyears'totalC.doublethepreviousyears'totalD.thesameofthepreviousyears'total正確答案：C[解析]倍數(shù)表達(dá)。破折號(hào)后面是同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)前面所增長(zhǎng)的數(shù)額進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充性解釋?zhuān)鉃椤皫缀跏巧弦荒昕倲?shù)的兩倍”。該表達(dá)式是倍數(shù)表達(dá)的一種，結(jié)構(gòu)為“倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size/length/width/height/total...)+of...”或“倍數(shù)+the+名詞所有格+size/length/width/height/total...”。

2.

ManyofChina'splansinEuropearejustwhatyouwouldexpectofariseneconomy.A.anarisingeconomyB.arisingeconomyC.rosyeconomiesD.ariseneconomies正確答案：B[解析]分詞作形容詞的用法。本題中后半部分的意思是“與人們所預(yù)計(jì)的正在上升的經(jīng)濟(jì)體相符”，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行中。故選現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語(yǔ)。

3.

Europethusneedstotakeapathtoavoidingtheextremesofnaivetyandhostility.A.thatgoingtoavoidB.inwhichtoavoidC.thatavoidsD.havingavoided正確答案：C[解析]定語(yǔ)從句。盡管先行詞是path，但是定語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，故選關(guān)系代詞that來(lái)作從句的主語(yǔ)，并且從句中的動(dòng)詞用了第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，符合主謂一致的原則。

4.

Officialsreactedswiftly,passesanti-bullyinglegislationatbothnationalandlocallevels.A.havingpassedanti-bullyinglegislationB.passinganti-bullyinglegislationC.passedanti-bullyinglegislationD.topassinganti-bullyinglegislations正確答案：B[解析]現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。通過(guò)反校園欺凌法與官員迅速采取行動(dòng)幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，中間間隔時(shí)間短，說(shuō)明政府反應(yīng)迅速。故選現(xiàn)在分詞，表示與主句動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。

5.

Data,largelybaseonstudents'ownreports,probablyunderestimatethescaleoftheproblem.A.largelybasedonB.baseslargelyonC.islargelybasedonD.largelybasingon正確答案：A[解析]過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法。過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成，本題中過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)的意思是“數(shù)據(jù)主要基于學(xué)生自己的報(bào)告”，符合題意。

6.

AttheotherendofthespectrumstandingSweden,where,accordingtoapollfrom2014,only11%ofchildreninthesameagegroupreportedbeingbulliedinthepastmonth.A.standsSwedenB.SwedenstandsC.SwedenstandD.stoodSweden正確答案：A[解析]倒裝句。本題中狀語(yǔ)放在句首，主謂進(jìn)行了倒裝，因?yàn)樾揎桽weden的定語(yǔ)從句太長(zhǎng)，為了避免頭重腳輕，所以句子進(jìn)行了倒裝。

7.

Ananti-bullyingbillproposedinMarchinPennsylvaniawouldallowajudgetomandatecommunityserviceorlevya$500—750fineonparentsiftheirchildiscaughtwithbullying,startingfromthethirdoffence.A.catchingbullyingB.caughtbullyingC.catchingforbullyingD.caughtbybullying正確答案：B[解析]慣用表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)。catchsbdoing表示某人做某事時(shí)當(dāng)場(chǎng)被逮住。本題從句中的意思是“如果他們的孩子在校園欺負(fù)別人時(shí)被當(dāng)場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)”。

8.

ThesumofallfearsforAmerica'snational-securityestablishmentisthatChinawillnotonlymatchitsmilitarycapabilitiesbutalsodominate,andhavethepowertosubvert,theindustrieswhichthosecapabilitiesarebasedwith.A.whichthosecapabilitiesarebasedatB.whichthosecapabilitiesarebasedonC.withwhichthosecapabilitiesarebasedD.onwhichthosecapabilitiesarebased正確答案：D[解析]介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。從句中的動(dòng)詞base與介詞on搭配使用，但英語(yǔ)句子中通常介詞不放在句末，而是將介詞前置。

9.

TheBroadcombanislikelyjustthefirstvolleyofwhattheadministrationseemstoseeasacounter-attack.A.likestobeB.islikelytobeC.likelytobeD.islike正確答案：B[解析]不定式的用法。本題是一個(gè)典型的“sb/sth+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中不定式作表語(yǔ)。

10.

Thecurrentconfrontationfeelsweightier.OnereasoniswhyChina,whichoncemerelyseemedtobecatchingup,nowwantstoovertake.A.becauseofChinaB.sinceChinaC.becauseChinaD.thatChina正確答案：D[解析]表語(yǔ)從句。由于主語(yǔ)是reason，為了避免語(yǔ)義上的重復(fù)，be動(dòng)詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句就不能再由because來(lái)引導(dǎo)，而習(xí)慣用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。

11.

Thankstheirhugelypopularmobile-paymentsystems,AlipayandWeChatPay,cashhasmoreorlessvanishedfromChina'seasterncities.A.WiththankstoB.ThankstoC.ThanksgiventoD.Thanksfor正確答案：B[解析]介詞短語(yǔ)。thanksto是一個(gè)表示原因的固定短語(yǔ)，其中thank要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

12.

WhenitrecentlyemergedthatGooglewashelpingthePentagonwiththeAIforadroneproject,someoftheiremployeeswereoutraged.A.theiremployeesB.someofemployeesC.someofitsemployeesD.whoseemployees正確答案：C[解析]代詞的指代用法。從句子中可以看出，畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分的代詞指代的是前面的Google公司，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用第三人稱(chēng)的形容詞性物主代詞。

13.

Aleadin5GbyChinesecompaniesshouldspreadtheiradvantageintomorelucrative,matureandstrategicallyinterestingmarkets,inwhichthenewnetworkscouldbecomea"vectorofChina'sinfluence".A.willbespreadingB.spreadsC.willhavespreadD.couldspread正確答案：D[解析]虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句子開(kāi)始的Aleadin5GbyChinesecompanies是一個(gè)含蓄條件，所以句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

14.

China'sapproachtocyber-securityandinternetgovernancecreatesamodelthatmayappealtocountrieshavesimilarconcerns.A.thathassimilarconcernsB.withsimilarconcernsC.withhavingsimilarconcernsD.aswellassimilarconcerns正確答案：B[解析]后置修飾語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)withsimilarconcerns作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾that從句中的賓語(yǔ)countries。

15.

Thesurvivorspouredinandinandpackedtheirbodiessotighttosleeponthebarefloorsthattheirbreathalonewarmedtheair.A.somuchtightnessB.sotightlyC.somoretightlyD.somuchtight正確答案：B[解析]副詞用法。畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分修飾前面的動(dòng)詞packed，因此應(yīng)該用副詞tightly。

16.

Shebecameawareforadarknesscreepingthrough,toolargetobearat,toosmallforanadult.A.ofB.byC.withD.to正確答案：A[解析]介詞與形容詞的搭配。形容詞aware通常搭配的介詞是of。

17.

Atlastshestoppedstrugglingandlaypantingbesidethewomanforawhile,hermusclesloosening,withthewatchfulnessfellfromherandshewasasleep.A.unlessB.untilC.beforeD.so正確答案：B[解析]連詞用法辨析。從語(yǔ)義上來(lái)看，本題中畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分后面的意思是“直到她不再警覺(jué)，并沉沉地睡去”，與畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分前面的“她不再掙扎，肌肉也放松了”形成語(yǔ)義上的連貫，因此應(yīng)該選until。

18.

AlexEzehoftheCentreforGlobalDevelopment,isathink-tankinWashington,remembersshowingKenyanpoliticiansevidencethatwealthypeoplebothdesiredandhadsmallfamilies,whereasthepoorwantedlargefamiliesandendedupwithevenlargerones.A.withathink-tankinWashingtonB.likeathink-tankatWashingtonC.isthink-tankatWashingtonD.athink-tankinWashington正確答案：D[解析]同位語(yǔ)用法。畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分從語(yǔ)義上來(lái)看是對(duì)theCentreforGlobalDevelopment這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)作信息補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，是同位語(yǔ)。

19.

Thewomanwokeinherownbedupthegirl'sthinlaugh.A.atB.withC.toD.for正確答案：C[解析]介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配。從句子語(yǔ)義上來(lái)看，是這位婦人在聽(tīng)到女孩輕聲的笑聲后醒來(lái)的。因此應(yīng)當(dāng)用介詞to，該詞在這里表示伴隨。

20.

Theprincipallookedatthisverydarkwomanandthisverypalechildandthoughtabouthowgenesweremiraculousandstrange,butwasafraidofberacistandsaidnothing.A.oflikeB.ofaC.oftobeD.ofbeing正確答案：D[解析]動(dòng)名詞的用法。介詞后面跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)動(dòng)詞要以-ing形式出現(xiàn)。此處的being表示暫時(shí)性的。

Section2ReadingComprehensionInthissectionyouwillfindaftereachofthepassagesanumberofquestionsorunfinishedstatementsaboutthepassage,eachwith4(A,B,CandD)choicestoanswerthequestionorcompletethestatement.Youmustchoosetheonewhichyouthinkfitsbest.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.

DemonstratorsrallyatLosAngelesCityHallduringthefirstWomen'sMarch,heldonJan.21,2017,onedayafterPresidentTrump'sinauguration.ThemarchdrewhundredsofthousandsofparticipantsinL.A.Aneventorganizedtobringwomentogetherisprovingtobemuchmoredivisivethanintended.Theannualwomen'smarchinEurekahasbeencanceledafterorganizersdecidedtheplanningcommitteewastoowhite.ThemovehaspromptednewfoundcriticismoftheglobalgatheringsthatwerelaunchedtwoyearsagoinprotestoftheinaugurationofPresidentTrump.Manyhavesaidthemarchesarenotdiverseenoughandhaveaccusedtheorganizationofbeinganti-Semiticandhomophobic.

TheEurekagroup,whichisnotanofficialWomen'sMarchchapter,saidthatinsteadoftheplannedJan.19march,itwillfocusonorganizinganeventforMarch9,inconjunctionwithInternationalWomen'sDay.Themovewillallowmoretimetoreachouttowomenofcolorandthosewhoidentifyasgendernonconforming,organizerssaidinaFacebookpostlastweek."Thelocalorganizersarecontinuingtomeetanddiscusshowtobroadenrepresentationintheorganizingcommitteetocreateaneventthatrepresentsandsupportspeopleswholivehere"inHumboldtCounty,anorganizersaidinthepost."Uptothispoint,theparticipantshavebeenoverwhelminglywhite,lackingrepresentationfromseveralperspectivesinourcommunity."

ThedecisionmadebyahandfulofwomeninthesmalltownofEureka—whichCensusdatashowis71%non-Hispanicwhite—drewmixedreactions,bothlocallyandacrossthecountry.Supporterswerethrilledthegroupwastakingstepstowardincreasingitsdiversityandinclusion.Others,however,saidthemovewasacriticismofpeopleofcolorfornotjoininginandthatbypostponingthemarch,organizerswereplacingtheburdenonparticipantstomakethelocalwomen'smarchappearlesswhite."Ihavedeepconcernsthatpeopleofcolorarebeingusedasacrutchfortheorganizingcommitteefailingtodotheworkittakestoencouragediversity,"CaterinaKeinwroteonFacebook."Pleasedonotblame'us'foryourfailures."

ThebacklashpromptedWomen'sMarchEurekatoreleaseasecondstatementonMondaynotingthedecisiontocanceltheeventwasbasedonthelackofdiversityamongthegroup'sleadership,notamongthemarch'sattendees.InaninterviewwithKHSU-FMradio,organizerKelseyReedysaidtheoriginalorganizerswereallwhitewomenandthatonlytworecentadditionshaveincreasedthediversityofthesmallgroup."Itwasn'tjustwefelttherewasn'tenoughrepresentation.Thereliterallywasnorepresentation,"shesaid.

Theorganizersacknowledgedthatpastattemptsatbeinginclusivehavebeenshallow."Wecouldhavedonealotmore,"Reedysaid."Wedidnotpushourselvestoreallycreateaspacethatwaswelcomingforeveryonetobeinvolved.Wedidreachouttoseveralgroupsledbypeopleofcolor,butonlyhavingafewpeopleinthegroupthatevenhadthoseconnectionsmeansitwasprettylimited."

ThelargerWomen'sMarchorganizationhasfacedotherproblems,includingaccusationsofbeinganti-Semitic.Leadersofthenationalgroupcameunderfirelastyearafterco-chairTamikaMalloryattendedaFebruaryeventwithNationofIslamleaderLouisFarrakhan,inwhichhesaid,"ThepowerfulJewsaremyenemy."BetweenMarchandNovember,thelargergroupissuedthreestatementsinresponsetocriticismthatWomen'sMarchleadersareanti-Semiticandhomophobic,butithasrepeatedlyexpressedsupportforitsleaders,includingMallory."It'sbecomeclear,amidstthismediastorm,thatourvaluesandourmessagehave—toooften—beenlost,"thenationalgroupsaid."Thatlosscausedalotofharm,andalotofpain.Weshouldhavebeenfasterandclearerinhelpingpeopleunderstandourvaluesandourcommitmenttofightinganti-Semitism.Weregretthat."

(選自《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》

2019年1月3日)1.

WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?______A.ThefirstWomen'sMarchwassuccessful.B.Lotsofpeoplearoundthecountryparticipatedinthemarch.C.Themarchreceivednewcriticism.D.Theannualwomen'smarchisplannedtoprotesttheinaugurationofPresidentTrump.正確答案：C[解析]推斷題。從第1段第4句promptednewfoundcriticism可知，當(dāng)年的聚會(huì)游行又遭到了新的批評(píng)，故選C。

2.

InParagraph1,wecaninferfromtheunderlinedphrase"muchmoredivisivethanintended"that______.A.thefirstWomen'sMarchintendedtounitewomenbutfailedB.themarchwasverydecisiveC.thewomengatheredtherewerediverseD.themarchshouldbesplitfromPresidentTrump'sinauguration正確答案：A[解析]推斷題。根據(jù)上下文可推斷婦女游行的初衷是為了讓女性聯(lián)合起來(lái)，但是卻產(chǎn)生不和，故選A。

3.

Accordingtothepassage,howtosolvetheproblemthatthecommitteewastoowhite?______A.Tomaketheorganizingcommitteemorecolorful.B.Tobroadentherepresentativesintheplanningcommittee.C.Tocolortheparticipantsintheorganization.D.Toinvolvecoloredwomenintheorganizingcommittee.正確答案：D[解析]推斷題。第2段第2句reachouttowomenofcolor，即解決組委會(huì)都是白人的辦法是吸收有色人種的女性，故選D。

4.

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"gendernonconforming"meaninParagraph2?______A.Notbeingabletoberecognizedbythesociety.B.Havingdifficultiestobeinaccordwithone'ssex.C.Notknowingone'stenderness.D.Notbeingabletomakegenderfamiliartooneself.正確答案：B[解析]語(yǔ)義題。gendernonconforming是指有些人對(duì)自己的性別認(rèn)識(shí)不清，造成性別錯(cuò)亂，找不到自己的性別屬性，如男性女性化、女性男性化或雌雄同體等。故選B。

5.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?______A.Thisyear'swomen'smarchwaspostponed.B.Thelocalorganizerswantedtocontactsomelesbians.C.Thetopicofhowtocreatearepresentativeeventisbeingdiscussed.D.Therepresentativesarefromseveralperspectivesofthecommunity.正確答案：D[解析]推斷題。第2段最后一句lackingrepresentation是說(shuō)參與者大多是白人，缺乏來(lái)自社會(huì)多方面的代表。D選項(xiàng)的表述與此不合，故選D。

6.

Theword"crutch"underlinedinParagraph3issynonymousto______.A.longstickB.propC.helpD.crush正確答案：B[解析]語(yǔ)義題。crutch的意思是“讓人過(guò)分依賴(lài)的幫助或支持”，需注意crutch在文中有貶義。B意思與之相近，故選B。

7.

Whodoes"us"refertointhelastsentenceofParagraph3?______A.TheEurekagroup.B.Theparticipants.C.Peopleofcolor.D.Theorganizers.正確答案：C[解析]推斷題。第3段第4句peopleofcolor被當(dāng)作工作無(wú)法順利開(kāi)展的理由，CaterinaKein抗議不應(yīng)把組委會(huì)未能完成多元化的工作歸咎于“我們”，故選C。

8.

WhatwecanlearnfromParagraph4?______A.Thereasontocancelthemarchwasthelackofdiversityamongparticipants.B.Theorganizerswereallwhitewomen.C.Thediversityofthesmallgroupiswide.D.Theorganizersadmittedtheirgroup'sleadershipwasnotrepresentativeatall.正確答案：D[解析]推斷題。第4段第3—4句表明組織者KelseyReedy承認(rèn)原先的組委會(huì)全是白人，后來(lái)只增加了兩位來(lái)自少數(shù)群體的代表，她自身都感覺(jué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)的代表性不夠，故選D。

9.

What'stheorganizers'attitudetowardstheirformereffortsonbeinginclusive?______A.Negative.B.Positive.C.Optimistic.D.Indifferent.正確答案：A[解析]推斷題。第5段第1句的acknowledged...shallow表明了組織者的態(tài)度，承認(rèn)之前為增加包容性所做的努力太膚淺了。

10.

What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?______A.Women'sMarchleadershadbadwordstowardsJews.B.Women'sMarchhaveastrongdislikeofhomosexuals.C.Women'sMarchhasfacedproblemslikeanti-Semitismandhomophobic.D.Theorganizationregrettedtofightanti-Semitism.正確答案：C[解析]主旨題。本文最后一段討論了婦女游行面臨的其他問(wèn)題，如反猶太和恐同的指控，故選C。

Thesecondlittlepigwasunlucky.Hebuilthishousefromsticks.Itwasblownawaybyahuffing,puffingwolf,whichpromptlygobbledhimup.Hisbrother,bycontrast,builtawolf-proofhousefrombricks.Thefairytalecouldhavebeenwrittenbyaflackfortheconstructionindustry,whichstronglyfavoursbrick,concreteandsteel.However,intherealworlditwouldhelpreducepollutionandslowglobalwarmingifmorebuilderscopiedthewood-lovingsecondpig.

In2015worldleadersmeetinginParisagreedtomovetowardszeronetgreenhouse-gasemissionsinthesecondhalfofthiscentury.Thatisatallorder,andthebuildingindustrymakesiteventaller.Cement-makingaloneproduces6%oftheworld'scarbonemissions.Steel,halfofwhichgoesintobuildings,accountsforanother8%.Ifyoufactorinalloftheenergythatgoesintolighting,heatingandcoolinghomesa