第21講 完形填空夾敘夾議文（講義）-2024年高考英語一輪復習講練測（新教材新高考）含答案及解析

?第21講完形填空夾敘夾議文（講義）【復習目標】熟悉語篇結構，根據局內層次、句組層次和語篇層次答題。掌握答題技巧，明確答題步驟掌握詞匯基本用法通過真題和滲透文化意識、語言意識和思維品質【考情分析】夾敘夾議文完形填空的文章一般具有哲理性，往往從一件看似平淡的小事中領悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人尋味，可讀性較強。夾敘夾議文“敘議兼顧”，既有記敘文的特點，同時又具有議論文的特點。在結構上，該文體采用“先敘后議”“先議后敘”或“敘議交替”的寫作模式，旨在記敘的基礎上，通過議論的手段，說明作者的態(tài)度、觀點、思想和目的。選材上源于真實生活，平淡敘述中流露人間真情，體現(xiàn)理性思維，人文情懷、參與社會的人文素養(yǎng)。在詞性上仍會以實詞為主，其中動詞會占半壁江山，虛詞幾乎不會考查，并且完形填空題注重對文章語境的理解。選材內容源于真實生活，以人物思想和行為為中心，體現(xiàn)理性思維，人文情懷、參與社會的人文素養(yǎng)等正能量。；側重考查在具體語境中運用詞匯知識的能力，降低了對單詞本身用法的考查，考查詞性以實詞為主，虛詞幾乎不考查。【網絡構建】完形填空夾敘夾議文概述命題規(guī)律：考點：以實詞為主，側重對動詞（短語）、名詞和形容詞的考查。重點在上下文語境理解上，詞匯運用次之。每小題給出的單詞多為同一類詞。所設的選項更具有干擾性，更加強調對語境的考查。核心考點：邏輯推理，把考查的重點放在理解全文、通篇考慮、掌握大意、注重關聯(lián)等方面。題型和考查角度：1.句內層次題：解題信息分布在本句內部，邊讀邊填，多憑預感可知答案，難度較易。2.句組層次題：解題信息分布在設空處前后的一組句子中，瞻前顧后尋找暗示，難度一般。3.語篇層次題：解題信息分布在語篇的某一處甚至全篇，需要綜合推斷，難度較大。解題策略：1.重視首句，把握文章主題。首句往往是文章的關鍵句、引題句或主題句。通過首句可以初步判斷文章的寫作目的或寫作背景，為全面理解文章找到突破口。2.分析結構，抓住作者觀點態(tài)度。在做題時要借助文章結構，認真體會記敘和議論的關系，抓住作者的觀點，明確文章的組織方式?？次恼聦儆谏鲜瞿姆N結構，從而明白作者的思路。利用上下文，關注過渡詞，理清邏輯關系。理清記敘與議論的轉換，及時調整思維方式，理清上下文之間的邏輯關系，在充分把握語境的基礎上，辨析詞語，進一步把握作者的觀點、態(tài)度，找到正確答案。?？歼壿嬯P系有：并列、轉折、遞進、對比、因果、讓步、例證等。邏輯關系例詞對立關系：讓步和轉折but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,unfortunately,although,eventhough,nevertheless,inspiteof,regardlessof,anyhow,insteadof,ratherthan,not…but等。因果關系because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…that,such…that,inorderthat,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inresponseto,onaccountof,becauseof,consideringthat,seeingthat,inthat,nowthat,asaresult,forthisreason等。并列關系and,or,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,thesame…as等。遞進關系then,besides,additionally,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,what’sworse,evenworse等?？偡株P系suchas,forexample,forinstance,toillustrate,asanillustration,totakeanexample,morespecifically等?！镜淅浚?023屆吉林省東北師大附中、長春一中等5所重點高中聯(lián)考）IhavetoadmitI’manold-schoolreader.Putsimply,I

41oldbooks.A．buy B．love C．recommend D．Hate復讀全文驗答案：填空全部完成后，將選項代入原文，通讀一遍，看讀文是否流暢、語意是否連貫，對感到很不通順的地方，可以從語法、詞文、習慣用法、固定搭配、背景知識等方面進一步驗證和確定答案。針對高考夾敘夾議性的完形填空題的解題技能要求較高，考試應當具有較強的聚合思維并保持注意力高度集中。在具體的解題中，還需掌握以下解題方法：知識點一利用首句解題首句通常是文章的主題句，便于考生對短文主題、內容或背景有個大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供時間、地點、人物、事件、論點等有用的信息。把握了主題句,

對于理解全文和解題很有幫助。（2023年新高考I卷）OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave____21____thecourseearlierthanshedid.21.A.designed B.followed C.changed D.finished知識點二利用語境暗示解題上下文或語境具體體現(xiàn)為：全文的中心和主題、作者的態(tài)度和評價、上下文的語篇銜接、句際和段際關系。無論是句內層次題還是句組層次題，我們常可通過上下文或語境暗示，推導出正確答案。(2020年全國卷Ⅰ)Iwonderif49.parentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50.consequences.Ihaveaverystrong51.fearthattheliewe'retellingisdoing52damagetoourchildren.A．physical B．biological C．spiritual D．behavioral知識點三利用情感態(tài)度解題在做完形填空時，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的基礎上，留意能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的詞匯。因為這些詞匯通常為我們做題的重要參考線索，可幫助我們快速確定某些題目的答案。(2021年天津高考3月)Formostpeople,havingthingsstolenfeelslikeanoffence.RobbiePruittadmittedthathegot16whenhediscoveredthetheftofhismountainbikelastSeptember.Butsoonenough,his17.emotionstookaturn.Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration,hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathy18.instead.A．amazed B．madC．curious D．frightened知識點四利用生活常識或文化背景解題完形填空中往往滲透著諸如文化科學、歷史地理、風俗人情等方面的知識，做題時利用這些知識，特別是注意中西方文化差異，巧妙地加以運用將會大大簡化分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間。1.(2020年天津高考)Joneswas21whenshesaidthatshedidn'tactually22.mindbeingcheated.A．ashamed B．shockedC．excited D．amused2.Justlastyear,Iwas56.conductingaworkshopwhensomeoneknockedattheclassroomdoor.Awoman__57__theinterruptionandhandedmeanenvelope.57．A.regretted B．avoidedC．excused D．ignored知識點五分解長難句，理清句意遇到完形填空的長難句，可以采用意群兼顧句子成分把句子分割成一個個意群（可以是不定式短語、分詞短語、動名詞短語、介詞短語、形容詞短語、名詞短語等）、標點符號和連接詞將其拆分為較易的簡單句，再根據選項和上下文意思解題。長難句詳見本專輯第八講《句子成分+基本句型+句子種類+長難句講練測》【典例】Oncethere,Lenouewas____49____andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.49.A.interrupted B.assessed C.identified D.appreciated考向一動詞詞義辨析（2023年吉林省東北師大附中、長春一中等5所重點高中聯(lián)考）Aloneinanewcityto42myfirstdailynewspaperjob,IwasfeelingvaguelyanxiousasIdippedintoaused

bookstoreto43.relievemy

mind.42．A．stop B．lose C．keep D．take考向二名詞詞義辨析（2023年四川省成都七中高三檢測試題）Peoplemaymisunderstandwhattheyusedtobefamiliarwith.Iremembera41professor,invitedtoourschool,taughtstressmanagementprinciplesinaschoolhall42.filledwithstudents.41．A．physics B．chemistry C．literature D．psychology考向三形容詞詞義辨析（2023年湖北省高三年級5月聯(lián)考英語試題）Yettherangeoffactorsshapingeachgenerationismuch53thanitoncewas.53．A．smaller B．fuller C．shorter D．broader考向四副詞詞義辨析（2023年浙江省杭州市高三試題）Theiryoungsonwas42.fascinatedbytheswallowandaskedmanyquestionsaboutit.Asthefamilywasleaving,Iaskedtheboyifhewouldlikeastickertoputonhisshirt.He43choseaswallowsticker.quicklyB.slowlyC.deliberatelyD.casually考向五介詞詞義辨析（2023年浙江省杭州市高三試題）Irecentlypurchasedmyfirstlaptopcomputer.Indiscussionswiththe50.salesman,hesaid,“Withintwoyears,you’llprobablywantanewoneanyway.”WhywouldIwantanewone,51myoldonewasworking?Iwon’t53.needneedanewlaptopintwoyears.A．if B．for C．but D．Besides（2018年全國I卷）Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege，Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga"free"course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I____41____theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twantto____42____afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t____43____enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour____44____wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which____45____Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's____46____.Icouldhardlywaitto____47____him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis____48____wasnogameforhim:hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit____49____thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto_____50_____theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto_____51_____whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,_____52_____,toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat_____53_____andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe_____54_____.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe_____55_____me:“Theabsolutemostimportant_____56_____thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood_____57_____.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto_____58_____asituation,processwhatyouropponent(對手）isdoingand_____59_____thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy_____60_____asajournalist.41.A.putforward B.jumpedat C.triedout D.turneddown42.A.waste B.earn C.save D.pay43.A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired44.A.title B.competitor C.textbook D.instructor45.A.urged B.demanded C.held D.meant46.A.fastest B.easiest C.best D.rarest47.A.interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat48.A.chance B.qualification C.honor D.job49.A.real B.perfect C.clear D.possible50.A.attend B.pass C.skip D.observe51.A.add B.expose C.apply D.compare52.A.eventually B.naturally C.directly D.normally53.A.game B.presentation C.course D.experiment54.A.criterion B.classroom C.department D.situation55A.taught B.wrote C.questioned D.promised56.A.fact B.step C.manner D.skill57.A.grades B.decisions C.impressions D.comments58.A.analyze B.describe C.rebuild D.control59.A.announce B.signal C.block D.evaluate60.A.role B.desire C.concern D.behavior（2018年北京卷）TheHomelessHeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400incashwouldbeasource（來源）oftemptation（誘惑）.Butthe____16____wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith_____17_____moreremarkable.Afterspottinga____18____onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe_____19_____toreturn.Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he_____20_____insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact（聯(lián)系）thedriver,onlyto_____21_____itcontained￡400innotes,withanother￡50insparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter_____22_____anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar’sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth￡35,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere_____23_____tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas_____24_____.ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis_____25_____.Mr.Andersonsaid：＂Icouldn’tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight_____26_____hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand_____27_____hedidn’ttakethewalletforhimself；hethoughtaboutothers_____28_____.It’sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare____29____guysoutthere.＂Mr.Smith’sact_____30_____muchofthepublic’sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson_____31_____abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto_____32_____moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.＂Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown_____33_____himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he’shadjob_____34_____andallsorts,＂Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing_____35_____.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.16.A.hope B.aim C.urge D.effort17.A.still B.even C.ever D.once18.A.wallet B.bag C.box D.parcel19.A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman20.A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached21.A.discover B.collect C.check D.believe22.A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing23.A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked24.A.safe B.missing C.found D.seen25.A.service B.support C.kindness D.encouragement26.A.when B.if C.where D.because27.A.rather B.yet C.already D.just28.A.too B.though C.again D.instead29.A.honest B.polite C.rich D.generous30.A.gave B.paid C.cast D.drew31.A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard32.A.borrow B.raise C.save D.earn33.A.of B.at C.for D.in34.A.details B.changes C.offers D.applications35.A.lesson B.adventure C.chance D.challenge

?第21講完形填空夾敘夾議文（講義）【復習目標】熟悉語篇結構，根據局內層次、句組層次和語篇層次答題。掌握答題技巧，明確答題步驟掌握詞匯基本用法通過真題和滲透文化意識、語言意識和思維品質【考情分析】夾敘夾議文完形填空的文章一般具有哲理性，往往從一件看似平淡的小事中領悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人尋味，可讀性較強。夾敘夾議文“敘議兼顧”，既有記敘文的特點，同時又具有議論文的特點。在結構上，該文體采用“先敘后議”“先議后敘”或“敘議交替”的寫作模式，旨在記敘的基礎上，通過議論的手段，說明作者的態(tài)度、觀點、思想和目的。選材上源于真實生活，平淡敘述中流露人間真情，體現(xiàn)理性思維，人文情懷、參與社會的人文素養(yǎng)。在詞性上仍會以實詞為主，其中動詞會占半壁江山，虛詞幾乎不會考查，并且完形填空題注重對文章語境的理解。選材內容源于真實生活，以人物思想和行為為中心，體現(xiàn)理性思維，人文情懷、參與社會的人文素養(yǎng)等正能量。；側重考查在具體語境中運用詞匯知識的能力，降低了對單詞本身用法的考查，考查詞性以實詞為主，虛詞幾乎不考查?！揪W絡構建】完形填空夾敘夾議文概述命題規(guī)律：考點：以實詞為主，側重對動詞（短語）、名詞和形容詞的考查。重點在上下文語境理解上，詞匯運用次之。每小題給出的單詞多為同一類詞。所設的選項更具有干擾性，更加強調對語境的考查。核心考點：邏輯推理，把考查的重點放在理解全文、通篇考慮、掌握大意、注重關聯(lián)等方面。題型和考查角度：1.句內層次題：解題信息分布在本句內部，邊讀邊填，多憑預感可知答案，難度較易。2.句組層次題：解題信息分布在設空處前后的一組句子中，瞻前顧后尋找暗示，難度一般。3.語篇層次題：解題信息分布在語篇的某一處甚至全篇，需要綜合推斷，難度較大。解題策略：1.重視首句，把握文章主題。首句往往是文章的關鍵句、引題句或主題句。通過首句可以初步判斷文章的寫作目的或寫作背景，為全面理解文章找到突破口。2.分析結構，抓住作者觀點態(tài)度。在做題時要借助文章結構，認真體會記敘和議論的關系，抓住作者的觀點，明確文章的組織方式?？次恼聦儆谏鲜瞿姆N結構，從而明白作者的思路。利用上下文，關注過渡詞，理清邏輯關系。理清記敘與議論的轉換，及時調整思維方式，理清上下文之間的邏輯關系，在充分把握語境的基礎上，辨析詞語，進一步把握作者的觀點、態(tài)度，找到正確答案。?？歼壿嬯P系有：并列、轉折、遞進、對比、因果、讓步、例證等。邏輯關系例詞對立關系：讓步和轉折but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,unfortunately,although,eventhough,nevertheless,inspiteof,regardlessof,anyhow,insteadof,ratherthan,not…but等。因果關系because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…that,such…that,inorderthat,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inresponseto,onaccountof,becauseof,consideringthat,seeingthat,inthat,nowthat,asaresult,forthisreason等。并列關系and,or,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,thesame…as等。遞進關系then,besides,additionally,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,what’sworse,evenworse等?？偡株P系suchas,forexample,forinstance,toillustrate,asanillustration,totakeanexample,morespecifically等?！镜淅浚?023屆吉林省東北師大附中、長春一中等5所重點高中聯(lián)考）IhavetoadmitI’manold-schoolreader.Putsimply,I

41oldbooks.A．buy B．love C．recommend D．Hate【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：簡單地說，我喜歡舊書。A.buy購買；

B.love熱愛；C.recommend推薦；D.hate痛恨。根據上文“I’manold-schoolreader”，及過渡詞Putsimply可知，作者愛讀舊書。故選B。復讀全文驗答案：填空全部完成后，將選項代入原文，通讀一遍，看讀文是否流暢、語意是否連貫，對感到很不通順的地方，可以從語法、詞文、習慣用法、固定搭配、背景知識等方面進一步驗證和確定答案。針對高考夾敘夾議性的完形填空題的解題技能要求較高，考試應當具有較強的聚合思維并保持注意力高度集中。在具體的解題中，還需掌握以下解題方法：知識點一利用首句解題首句通常是文章的主題句，便于考生對短文主題、內容或背景有個大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供時間、地點、人物、事件、論點等有用的信息。把握了主題句,

對于理解全文和解題很有幫助。（2023年新高考I卷）OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave____21____thecourseearlierthanshedid.21.A.designed B.followed C.changed D.finished【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：MelanieBailey應該更早完成比賽。A.designed設計；B.followed跟隨；C.changed改變；D.finished完成。根據下一段的“carriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget____attention”可知，Bailey在比賽中背一名參賽者，所以完成比賽晚了，因此句子表示“MelanieBailey應該更早完成比賽”。故選D。知識點二利用語境暗示解題上下文或語境具體體現(xiàn)為：全文的中心和主題、作者的態(tài)度和評價、上下文的語篇銜接、句際和段際關系。無論是句內層次題還是句組層次題，我們?？赏ㄟ^上下文或語境暗示，推導出正確答案。(2020年全國卷Ⅰ)Iwonderif49.parentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50.consequences.Ihaveaverystrong51.fearthattheliewe'retellingisdoing52damagetoourchildren.A．physical B．biological C．spiritual D．behavioral【答案】C【解析】本題可以利用語境暗示解題。根據語境可知，此處指“我有一種強烈的害怕，害怕我們正在說的謊言會對孩子們造成心靈的(spiritual)傷害”。故選：C。知識點三利用情感態(tài)度解題在做完形填空時，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的基礎上，留意能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的詞匯。因為這些詞匯通常為我們做題的重要參考線索，可幫助我們快速確定某些題目的答案。(2021年天津高考3月)Formostpeople,havingthingsstolenfeelslikeanoffence.RobbiePruittadmittedthathegot16whenhediscoveredthetheftofhismountainbikelastSeptember.Butsoonenough,his17.emotionstookaturn.Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration,hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathy18.instead.A．amazed B．madC．curious D．frightened【答案】B【解析】句意：RobbiePruitt(羅比·普魯伊特)承認，去年9月發(fā)現(xiàn)他的山地車被盜時，他很生氣。amazed“驚訝的”；mad“生氣的”；curious“好奇的”；frightened“害怕的”。根據下文“l(fā)ettinggoofhisanger”可知，發(fā)現(xiàn)車被偷，RobbiePruitt當時很生氣。故選：B。知識點四利用生活常識或文化背景解題完形填空中往往滲透著諸如文化科學、歷史地理、風俗人情等方面的知識，做題時利用這些知識，特別是注意中西方文化差異，巧妙地加以運用將會大大簡化分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間。1.(2020年天津高考)Joneswas21whenshesaidthatshedidn'tactually22.mindbeingcheated.A．ashamed B．shockedC．excited D．amused【答案】B【解析】ashamed“羞愧的”；shocked“震驚的”；excited“興奮的”；amused“逗樂的；覺得好笑的”。根據常識可知，一個人被騙了很多錢，她一定會很生氣。然而，這位老婦人卻說她不介意。所以Jones(瓊斯)很震驚。故選：B。2.Justlastyear,Iwas56.conductingaworkshopwhensomeoneknockedattheclassroomdoor.Awoman__57__theinterruptionandhandedmeanenvelope.57．A.regretted B．avoidedC．excused D．ignored【答案】C【解析】此題可利用生活常識和文化背景解題。作者正在上課，因此根據生活常識，打斷作者上課應該請求原諒。知識點五分解長難句，理清句意遇到完形填空的長難句，可以采用意群兼顧句子成分把句子分割成一個個意群（可以是不定式短語、分詞短語、動名詞短語、介詞短語、形容詞短語、名詞短語等）、標點符號和連接詞將其拆分為較易的簡單句，再根據選項和上下文意思解題。長難句詳見本專輯第八講《句子成分+基本句型+句子種類+長難句講練測》【典例】Oncethere,Lenouewas____49____andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.49.A.interrupted B.assessed C.identified D.appreciated【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。本句中運用并列句，故assessed和wastakento均為謂語動詞，where引導非限制性定語從句。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了檢查，后來被送往醫(yī)院，在那里她得知自己的一個膝蓋受了重傷。考向一動詞詞義辨析（2023年吉林省東北師大附中、長春一中等5所重點高中聯(lián)考）Aloneinanewcityto42myfirstdailynewspaperjob,IwasfeelingvaguelyanxiousasIdippedintoaused

bookstoreto43.relievemy

mind.42．A．stop B．lose C．keep D．take【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我獨自一人來到一個陌生的城市，開始了我的第一份日報工作，當我走進一家舊書店來放松心情時，我隱約感到焦慮。A.stop停止；B.lose失去；C.keep保持；D.take從事。根據“myfirstdailynewspaperjob”可知，作者獨自到新城市開始自己的第一份工作。故選D?？枷蚨~詞義辨析（2023年四川省成都七中高三檢測試題）Peoplemaymisunderstandwhattheyusedtobefamiliarwith.Iremembera41professor,invitedtoourschool,taughtstressmanagementprinciplesinaschoolhall42.filledwithstudents.41．A．physics B．chemistry C．literature D．psychology【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我記得我們學校邀請了一位心理學教授，在一個坐滿學生的禮堂里教授壓力管理原則。A.physics物理；B.chemistry化學；C.literature文學；D.psychology心理學。根據下文“taughtstressmanagementprinciples”可知，這位教授教壓力管理原則，所以應該是心理學教授。故選D?？枷蛉稳菰~詞義辨析（2023年湖北省高三年級5月聯(lián)考英語試題）Yettherangeoffactorsshapingeachgenerationismuch53thanitoncewas.53．A．smaller B．fuller C．shorter D．broader【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，影響每一代人的因素范圍比以前廣泛得多。A.smaller較小的；B.fuller更豐滿的；C.shorter更短的；D.broader更廣泛的。根據上文“Yettherangeoffactors”可知，此處指影響每一代人的因素范圍比以前廣泛得多。故選D?？枷蛩母痹~詞義辨析（2023年浙江省杭州市高三試題）Theiryoungsonwas42.fascinatedbytheswallowandaskedmanyquestionsaboutit.Asthefamilywasleaving,Iaskedtheboyifhewouldlikeastickertoputonhisshirt.He43choseaswallowsticker.quicklyB.slowlyC.deliberatelyD.casually【答案】A【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他快速選了一個燕子貼紙。A.quickly快速地；B.slowly緩慢地；C.deliberately故意地；D.casually隨意地。根據上文“Asthefamilywasleaving”以及“Theiryoungsonwasfascinatedbytheswallow(他們的小兒子對燕子著迷)”可知，在這一家人快要離開時他們的小兒子快速地選擇了自己著迷的燕子貼紙。故選A?？枷蛭褰樵~詞義辨析（2023年浙江省杭州市高三試題）Irecentlypurchasedmyfirstlaptopcomputer.Indiscussionswiththe50.salesman,hesaid,“Withintwoyears,you’llprobablywantanewoneanyway.”WhywouldIwantanewone,51myoldonewasworking?Iwon’t53.needneedanewlaptopintwoyears.A．if B．for C．but D．Besides【答案】A【解析】考查連詞和介詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我的舊設備正常工作，我為什么要一個新的？A.if如果；B.for為了；C.but但是；D.besides除此以外。根據本句前半句“WhywouldIwantanewone”以及下文“Iwon’tneedanewlaptopintwoyears”可知，此處作者想表達的是如果自己的設備正常工作就不需要新的，故選A。（2018年全國I卷）Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege，Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga"free"course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I____41____theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twantto____42____afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t____43____enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour____44____wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which____45____Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's____46____.Icouldhardlywaitto____47____him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis____48____wasnogameforhim:hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit____49____thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto_____50_____theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto_____51_____whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,_____52_____,toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat_____53_____andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe_____54_____.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe_____55_____me:“Theabsolutemostimportant_____56_____thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood_____57_____.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto_____58_____asituation,processwhatyouropponent(對手）isdoingand_____59_____thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy_____60_____asajournalist.41.A.putforward B.jumpedat C.triedout D.turneddown42.A.waste B.earn C.save D.pay43.A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired44.A.title B.competitor C.textbook D.instructor45.A.urged B.demanded C.held D.meant46.A.fastest B.easiest C.best D.rarest47.A.interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat48.A.chance B.qualification C.honor D.job49.A.real B.perfect C.clear D.possible50.A.attend B.pass C.skip D.observe51.A.add B.expose C.apply D.compare52.A.eventually B.naturally C.directly D.normally53.A.game B.presentation C.course D.experiment54.A.criterion B.classroom C.department D.situation55A.taught B.wrote C.questioned D.promised56.A.fact B.step C.manner D.skill57.A.grades B.decisions C.impressions D.comments58.A.analyze B.describe C.rebuild D.control59.A.announce B.signal C.block D.evaluate60.A.role B.desire C.concern D.behavior【答案】41.B42.C43.A44.D45.D46.C47.B48.D49.C50.B51.C52.A53.C54.B55.A56.D57.B58.A59.D60.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章講述了作者在大二學的免費課程——下象棋及這門課程對作者生活的深遠指導作用?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我在大二時，學校教育處提供一種名叫思維象棋的免費課程，這個課程3個學分。我急于接受這個課程，是因為我想節(jié)省點錢。A.putforward提出；B.jumpedat急于接受；C.triedout嘗試；D.turneddown拒絕。故選B。【42題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：我在大二時，學校教育處提供一種名叫思維象棋的免費課程，這個課程3個學分。我急于接受這個課程，是因為我想節(jié)省點錢。A.waste浪費；B.earn賺錢；C.save節(jié)??；D.pay付錢。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：我總是想學象棋，即便是我對免費的學分不激動，單是我們導師的信息就足以吸引我。A.excited激動的；興奮的；B.worried擔心的；C.moved感動的；D.tired勞累的。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：我總是想學象棋，即便是我對免費的學分不激動，單是我們導師的消息就足以吸引我。A.title頭銜；題目；B.competitor競賽者；C.textbook教科書；D.instructor導師。故選D。【45題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：這意味著我將師從這個游戲最好的大師之一。A.urged督促；B.demanded要求；C.held握住；D.meant意味著。故選D。【46題詳解】考查詞義辨析。句意：這意味著我將師從這個游戲最好的大師之一。A.fastest最快的；B.easiest最容易的；C.best最好的；D.rarest最稀少的。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我迫不及待地想見到他。A.interview面試；B.meet見面；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.beat擊敗。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一位先前的畢業(yè)生回校教書，這項工作對他來說根本不是游戲。A.chance機會；B.qualification合格；C.honor榮譽；D.job工作。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：在他的介紹中，他明確指出這些學分不容易得到。A.real真實的；B.perfect完美的；C.clear清楚的；D.possible可能的。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：為了通過考試，我們必須寫一篇關于把我們在課堂里學到的東西應用于未來的職業(yè)中。A.attend參加；B.pass通過；C.skip跳躍；D.observe遵守。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們必須寫一篇關于把我們在課堂里學到的知識應用于未來的職業(yè)中。apply把……運用于……【52題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，把我們在課堂里學的知識應用到我們的生活中。A.eventually最終；B.naturally自然地；C.directly直接地；D.normally正常地。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：我設法在這個課程中獲得了個A。A.game游戲；B.presentation介紹；陳述；C.course課程；D.experiment實驗。故選C。【54題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：我還學習了課堂之外對我很有用的生活課程。A.criterion標準；B.classroom教室；C.department部門；系；D.situation情況。beyondtheclassroom課堂之外，故選B。【55題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：和Ashley學了象棋課程之后10年里，我仍在應用他教我的東西。A.taught教；B.wrote寫；C.questioned提問；D.promised承諾。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你在學下棋的時候，學到的絕對重要的技能是如何做出好的決定。A.fact事實；B.step步；C.manner方式；D.skill技能。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你在學下棋的時候，學到的絕對重要的技能是如何做出好的決定。A.grades等級；B.decisions決定；C.impressions印象；D.comments評論。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每一步你都必須分析形勢，審視對手要做什么。A.analyze分析；B.describe描述；C.rebuild重建；D.control控制。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：從你所有的選擇中，評估出最好的一步。A.announce宣布；B.signal發(fā)信號；C.block阻塞；D.evaluate評估。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在這些話對我作為一名新聞記者的角色來說仍然是正確的。A.role角色；B.desire欲望；要求；C.concern涉及，關系到；D.behavior行為。故選A。（2018年北京卷）TheHomelessHeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400incashwouldbeasource（來源）oftemptation（誘惑）.Butthe____16____wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith_____17_____moreremarkable.Afterspottinga____18____onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe_____19_____toreturn.Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he_____20_____insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact（聯(lián)系）thedriver,onlyto_____21_____itcontained￡400innotes,withanother￡50insparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter_____22_____anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar’sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth￡35,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere_____23_____tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas_____24_____.ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis_____25_____.Mr.Andersonsaid：＂Icouldn’tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight_____26_____hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand_____27_____hedidn’ttakethewalletforhimself；hethoughtaboutothers_____28_____.It’sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare____29____guysoutthere.＂Mr.Smith’sact_____30_____muchofthepublic’sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson_____31_____abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto_____32_____moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.＂Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown_____33_____himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he’shadjob_____34_____andallsorts,＂Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing_____35_____.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.16.A.hope B.aim C.urge D.effort17.A.still B.even C.ever D.once18.A.wallet B.bag C.box D.parcel19.A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman20.A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached21.A.discover B.collect C.check D.believe22.A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing23.A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked24.A.safe B.missing C.found D.seen25.A.service B.support C.kindness D.encouragement26.A.when B.if C.where D.because27.A.rather B.yet C.already D.just28.A.too B.though C.again D.instead29.A.honest B.polite C.rich D.generous30.A.gave B.paid C.cast D.drew31.A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard32.A.borrow B.raise C.save D.earn33.A.