譯林版高三英語一輪復習選擇性必修第二冊UNIT1 The mass media課件

第一部分教材知識講練選擇性必修第二冊UNIT1

Themassmedia續(xù)寫語料積累背誦·句之美欣賞·語之秀1．(行為描寫)(2024·東北三省聯(lián)考)Shejumpedoffthesofaandrantome,squeezingmykneesandalmosttippingmeover．2．(心理描寫)(2024·潮州質量檢測)Hearingthis,Iwasoverwhelmedbyasenseofguiltwithtearsofgratitudewellingupinmyeyes．3．(人物描寫)(2024·莊河市模擬)Whenmygrandfatherdied,my83-year-oldgrandmother,oncefulloflife,slowlybegantofade．(2024·諸暨診斷性考試)OneSaturdayafternoon,IwaswatchingTVinthelivingroomwithmygrandpawhenablindingflashoflightningflashedacrossthesky,followedbyadeafeningsound．BeforeIrealizedwhathadhappened,agray-whiteshadowrushedinthroughtheopenwindowandflewovermyhead．語基

自主檢測·目標確立核心單詞語境運用(用所給詞的適當形式填空)1．____vt．使落入險境；卡住，絆住

n．陷阱，羅網(wǎng)；圈套；困境，牢籠2．_______vt．發(fā)布；釋放；松開；發(fā)泄

n．釋放；發(fā)行；排放，泄漏3．_______vi．&vt．尖叫；高聲喊；發(fā)出大而尖的聲音

n．尖叫，尖銳刺耳的聲音4．_____vi．(狗)吠叫

vt．厲聲發(fā)令

n．(狗)吠聲；短促響亮的人聲；樹皮5．______vt．&vi．(使)窒息；(使)哽咽，(尤指感情激動而)說不出話來6．_____n．稅，稅款

vt．對……征稅，使納稅7．_________n．廣播節(jié)目，電視節(jié)目

vi．&vt．播送，廣播；散布，傳播8．______vt．使增長，使興旺

n．增長，提高；幫助，激勵9．_________vt．買，購買

n．購買，采購；購買的東西，購買項目10．________vt．贊助；主辦；為慈善活動捐款；資助

n．贊助商；為慈善活動捐款的人11．______vt．專門制作，定做

n．裁縫1．Shouldtherichbeheavily______(tax)inordertohelpthepoor？2．(2023·浙江1月卷)Allcampsessionsarecreatedwithage-appropriateactivitiesthat___________(tailor)tothemultiplewaysthatkidslearn．3．Theconcert_____________________(broadcast)worldwideattractedaboutonebilliontelevisionviewers．4．It'ssaidthatanalbumofhisgreatesthitsisabout____________(release)．5．Asisknowntous,tourismisdouble-edged,________(boost)theeconomybutdamagingtheenvironment．6．Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeople_______(trap)inpowerlesshigh-risebuildings．7．Thecomputerbecomeseasiertooperate,andlesscostly___________(purchase)andmaintain．8．Frombehindthewallrusheddozensofyoungwomen,all___________(scream)inpanic．9．Thecompanyplans__________(sponsor)televisionprogrammesaspartofitsmarketingstrategy．trapreleasescreambarkchoketaxbroadcastboostpurchasesponsortailortaxedaretailoredbroadcast/broadcastedtobereleasedboostingtrappedtopurchasescreamingtosponsor派生單詞語境運用(用所給詞的適當形式填空)1．constructvt．建設；修建→____________n．建筑，建造；建造物→____________adj．建設性的；積極的2．a(chǎn)utomaticadj．自動的；無意識的，不假思索的→______________adv．無意識地；自動地3．investigatevt．&vi．偵查，調查；研究→_____________n．調查；研究4．differvi．相異；意見相左→_________adj．不同的→___________adv．不同地→__________n．不同之處5．concludevt．&vi．結束；推斷出→__________n．結論，推論；結束，結果；簽訂，達成6．a(chǎn)ccurateadj．正確無誤的；精確的→__________adv．精確地；準確地→________n．準確(性)；精確(程度)7．commitvt．犯(罪)；承諾，忠于(某人)→___________adj．盡心盡力的→_____________n．承諾，許諾；獻身，投入；花費8．professionn．行業(yè)，職業(yè)；同行；宣稱，聲明→____________adj．專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的

n．專業(yè)人員9．a(chǎn)dvertisevt．&vi．做廣告，登廣告；公布，征聘；展現(xiàn)，宣傳→___________n．廣告活動，廣告業(yè)→______________n．廣告，啟事；廣告活動，廣告宣傳→__________n．廣告商1．Heputforwardsome____________suggestionsonhow___________theofficebuilding,whichisnowunder____________．(construct)2．Accordingtoan_____________conductedbyNew

York

Timeslastweek,78%ofthepeople____________saidthattheysharedinformationonlinebecauseithelpedthembuildbetterrelationships．(investigate)3．Thelearningstyle_______frompersontoperson,thatis,everyindividuallearns___________．(differ)4．Themeeting_________withoutanyagreement,butshecametothe__________fromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavourofherplan．(conclude)5．Wehaveeveryreasontobelievethatherreportis________,becausesheattachesgreatimportancetothe________ofdetailsandtriesherbesttodescribeeverydetail__________．(accurate)6．Overtheyears,YuanLongpinghadbeen___________totheresearchofhybridrice,andallthoselong,hardhoursofworkand_____________finallyborefruit．(commit)7．MrSmith,whoisfamousinthemedical__________,ispayinga____________visittoourcollege．(profession)8．One__________suggestedthatweputan______________inthemainstreammediaifwewantedto_________forskilledworkers．(advertise)constructionconstructiveautomaticallyinvestigationdifferentdifferentlydifferenceconclusionaccuratelyaccuracycommittedcommitmentprofessionaladvertisingadvertisementadvertiserconstructivetoconstructconstructioninvestigationinvestigateddiffersdifferentlyconcludedconclusionaccurateaccuracyaccuratelycommittedcommitmentprofessionprofessionaladvertiseradvertisementadvertise高頻短語語境運用(選用左欄短語的適當形式填空)1．_________很多，許多2．___________發(fā)生3．___________例如，比如4．________________揭露，披露5．________總結，概括6．_______________致力于7．___________(尺寸和數(shù)量上)增加，上升8．__________迅速出現(xiàn)，突然興起9．___________被傳達，被理解，把……講清楚10．____________(使)增添樂趣；使更艷麗1．(2020·浙江7月卷)Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywright(劇作家)hopes____________throughdialogueandaction．2．Scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs．Mostfoodwebs,___________,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones．3．Onlywhenweregularly_________thepastexperienceanddrawlessonsfromitcanwegofurther．4．Chengduhas__________newmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels．5．Shelly-Annisalittlewomanwithabigsmile．Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnot____________bychance．6．Theyorderedsomeflowersandgreenplants_______________thenewly-builtwardsatGuy'sHospital．7．Withnewchannels_____________continually,theremaybesomeprogramswithpoorquality．dozensofcomeaboutforinstancebringsthtolightsumupbecommittedtomountupspringupgetacrossbrightenuptogetacrossforinstancesumupdozensofcomeabouttobrightenupspringingup原句結構辨識寫作佳句背誦1．thenext/lasttime引導時間狀語從句Weabsorbthesemarketingmessageswithoutthinkingaboutthemtoomuch,yettheywillprobablyhaveaneffectonusthenexttimewegoshopping．下次你有傳播最新消息的沖動時，最好想想你為什么想要八卦。Betterthinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossip__________________________tospreadthelatestnews．(應用文之建議信)2．notonly...butalso...Notonlywillthismakethemfeelmorevaluedandenablethemtoseewhattheyaremostinterestedin，butitwillalsohelpcompaniestargettheircustomersmoreefficientlytohaveapositiveeffectonsales．此次賽跑不僅強健了我們的體魄，還增進了我們的友誼。____________________________________,butitalsoenhancedourfriendship．(應用文之報道)thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgeNotonlydidtheracebuildupourstrength①Boldness—awillingness________(extend)yourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight．②Inpoorfamilies,meanwhile,childrentendtospendtheirtimeathomeorwith________(extend)family．③(2021·天津卷)China'sNationalHighway318,_________(extend)over5，000kilometersfromShanghaitoZhangmu,Xizang,isknownasthe“heavenlyroad”foritsamazingviews．考點

歸納探究·精準講練1．extendvi．&vt．[課本義]延伸(距離)；擴大；延長；伸展[增補義]給予；使竭盡全力toextendextendedextending一簇簇陽光灑在路上，仿佛在給予我們鼓勵與祝福。Aclusterofsunshinecastovertheroadasif___________________________________________．◎extendto...延長到……；擴展到……◎extendby...延長了……◎extendasfarastheeyecansee一望無際◎extendsthtosb給某人提供某物景物描寫extendingitsencouragementandblessingtous◎

extendasfarastheriver一直延伸到河邊◎

extendthekitchenbysixfeet把廚房擴大了6英尺◎

extendthedeadlineforpayment延長付款期限◎

anextendedlunchhour延長了的午餐時間①Whendrivinghome,hewasstoppedbyatrafficpolicemanandaccused___speeding．②Theshopassistantwasfinallydismissedbecauseshe___________(accuse)ofcheatingcustomers．③Thecandidatestands_______(accuse)ofbreakingpromisesevenbeforehe'sinoffice．2．a(chǎn)ccusevt．譴責，控訴ofwasaccusedaccused那女孩被指控在商店里偷竊，感到非常委屈，哭了起來。______________________________,thegirlfeltdeeplywrongedandburstintotears．◎accusesbof(doing)sth＝chargesbwith(doing)sth控告/指責某人(做)某事◎standaccusedof...被指控做某事◎theaccused被告情感描寫Accusedofstealingfromtheshop◎accusethemanofmurder/theft/robbery控告那人謀殺/盜竊/搶劫◎accusethegovernmentofincompetence指責該政府無能◎accuseherofneglectingherfilialduties指責她未盡孝①History_____________(witness)theendlessproductionsofShakespeareanplaysineverymajorlanguageoftheworld．②(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlesson___________(witness)theirmotherearnherdegree．③Someonebrokeintothebanklastnightandthepolicearenowlookingforwitnesses__therobbery．3．witnessvt．&vi．是發(fā)生……的時間(或地點)，見證；目擊；作證；是……的跡象

n．目擊者，見證人；證人haswitnessedwitnessingto(普通表達)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatcountryoverthelastdecades．(高級表達)Thelastdecades__________________________inthatcountry．◎be(a)witnesstosth目擊或看見某事發(fā)生◎witnesssth/that...目擊……◎witnessto(doing/havingdone)sth證實或證明(做了)某事句式升級havewitnessedgreatchanges◎witnessestotheplanecrash空難的目擊者◎witnessmanypoliticalchanges經(jīng)歷多次政治的變動◎witnesstoseeingthemanentertheroom證明見過那人進入了房間①(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethem______(keep)smiling．②Iallowedmyselftobepersuaded____enteringthecontest,inwhichIcamefirstunexpectedly．③Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelp______________(persuade)tobuysomethingtheydon'treallyneed．4．persuadevt．說服；使信服tokeepintobeingpersuaded你很難想象我能說服一個這么固執(zhí)的老人改變主意！YoucouldhardlyimagineImanagedto_____________________________________________！◎persuadesbtodosth＝persuadesbintodoingsth說服某人做某事◎persuadesbnottodosth＝persuadesboutofdoingsth說服某人不做某事◎persuadesbofsth說服某人相信某事◎persuadesbthat...說服某人相信……◎persuasionn．說服，勸說情感描寫persuadesuchastubbornoldmantochangehismind◎beeasilypersuadedtotakethejob輕易被說服接受了這份工作◎trytopersuadeherintoenteringthecompetition試圖說服她參加比賽◎persuademeofhisinnocence使我相信他的無辜①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Adultsareportrayedaloneinmanysettingsandposes—________(absorb)inavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure．②Theyoungpoliceofficerstoodstillatthecorner,_________(absorb)everydetailofthestreet．③Butatthemoment,schoolcomesfirst,soIdon'twanttogettooabsorbed__modeling．5．a(chǎn)bsorbvt．理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力absorbedabsorbingin她全神貫注地繪畫，沒有注意到夜幕的降臨。__________________________,shedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching．◎absorbsth吸收某物◎absorb...into...把……吸收進……◎absorboneselfin...專心于；全神貫注于◎absorbedadj．全神貫注的◎beabsorbedin...全神貫注于……行為描寫Totallyabsorbedinpainting◎absorblightandheat吸收光和熱◎absorbthechildren'sattention吸引孩子們的注意力◎absorbthemselvesintheirresearch全神貫注于他們的研究①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷改)WorkinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo'sstudents,manyof______haveemotionalcontrolissues．②BeforetheCivilWar,schoolsoperatedononeoftwocalendars,__whichneitherincludedasummervacation．③SuchpoetsasShakespearearewidelyread,of______works,however,someareverydifficulttounderstand．6．[教材原句]Thefirehasalsoleftdozensofpeopleinjured,5ofwhomareinacriticalcondition．火災還造成數(shù)十人受傷，其中五人傷勢嚴重。whomofwhose數(shù)十人在事故中喪生，其中一些是6歲以下的兒童。①Dozensofpeoplegotkilledintheaccident,_______________________________________________．(使用定語從句)②Dozensofpeoplegotkilledintheaccident,___________________________．(使用獨立主格結構)教材原句中的5ofwhomareinacriticalcondition是一個非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中，?？捎煤嘘P系代詞which/whom的短語作引導詞，如someofwhich/whom、manyofwhich/whom、bothofwhich/whom、neitherofwhich/whom、eitherofwhich/whom、30%ofwhich/whom等，有時還可把ofwhich/whom置于some、many、both等詞前。一句多譯someofwhom/ofwhomsomewerechildrenunder6someofthemchildrenunder6Boatswerecrammedwithhotandangryholidaymakers,someofwhomhadwaitedforuptotwodaystocross．船上滿是情緒激動、怒氣沖沖的度假者，有些人等船渡河已經(jīng)等了兩天了。①Theturnover(營業(yè)額)ofe-commerce____(see)asubstantialgainfromapproximately$800billionin2011to$2，500billionin2014．②The25-yearperiod__________(witness)afallintheconsumptionofbeefandlambtoapproximately100gramsand55gramsperpersonperweekrespectively．③Thelastthreedecades_________(see)steadygrowthinEastAsia,makingtheregionthemostdynamicandfastestgrowingintheworld．7．[教材原句]Thepastdecadeshavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofonlinenewsmedia．過去數(shù)十年見證了網(wǎng)絡新聞媒體的快速發(fā)展。sawwitnessedhaveseen第六天，他來到了家鄉(xiāng)，只停留了一晚，便匆忙返回工作崗位。_________________________________________,wherehestayedforonlyonenightbeforehehurriedbacktowork．see、witness的主語有時可以是表示“時間、地點或某事物”的名詞或名詞短語，這是一種擬人的修飾手法，此時see、witness意為“見證；發(fā)生”，雖然是物作主語，但see、witness卻要用主動語態(tài)。行為描寫ThesixthdaysawhisarrivalathishometownThatyearsawthefirstFestivalwithLordHarewoodasdirector,andthefeaturedcomposerwasSchoenberg．那一年是第一個由哈伍德勛爵擔任導演的音樂節(jié)，著名作曲家是勛伯格。①(2021·全國甲卷)Andthemorewelook,themorewe________(see)thatsocialfactorslikegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius．②Theaircanabsorbmorewatervapour,___higheritstemperature．③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the______(hot)thespring!8．[教材原句]Themorewelikethebrandambassador,themorewewillbeattractedtobuytheproduct．我們越喜歡這位品牌大使，就越會受其吸引而去購買相關產(chǎn)品。willseethehotter這事她越想越害怕，手掌冒汗，心跳加速。_________________________________________________,herpalmssweatingandherheartpoundingwildly．themore...,themore...是固定句式，意為“越……越……”，其中前一分句是條件狀語從句，后一分句是主句。前一分句中不可使用將來時態(tài)，常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。此句式中通常用倒裝語序，但如果把從句放在主句之后，則主句中不用倒裝語序。心理描寫Themoreshethoughtaboutit,themorescaredshefeltThemorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight．睡前攝入的脂肪越多，晚上給身體帶來的負擔就越大。Ⅰ．用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Goaroundthehall,andyou'llfindotherexhibitsequally_________(absorb)．2．Thecoursesarebasedonaweeklytwo-hourclass,_________(extend)overaperiodof25weeks．3．The______(long)aborrowedwordhasbeeninuse,themoreitsoundsandevenlookslikethenativelanguage．三層

強基固本·達標訓練absorbingextendinglonger4．Italy,whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration,_____________(witness)asharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears．5．Shebegantohost“BigBosses”lunches,whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleaders____________(contribute)tothecause．6．Thecompany,_______(accuse)ofusingmisleadingadvertisinginitspromotionofweight-losspills,willfacehugefinesandpenalties．7．Manycompaniessetpriceslow,hopingthatoncetheyhadtemptedcustomersthroughthedoortheywouldbepersuaded_______(order)moreexpensiveitems．8．Xiaoshu,

meaningminorheat,__________(witness)theabsenceofcoldwindinmostpartsofChina．Atthistime,windsusuallyblowacrossthelandaccompaniedbyheatwaves．haswitnessedtocontributeaccusedtoorderwitnessesⅡ．在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~1．Witnesses__thecrashsaytheysawanexplosionjustbeforethedisaster．2．Janekeptmoving,but___farthershewalked,themoreconfusedshebecame．3．Thecreamthatiseasilyabsorbed_______theskinisappealingtomostofwomen．4．Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof______hasbeenproved．5．Technologygiants,suchasGoogle,areaccused__turningablindeyetoonlineviolence．totheinto/bywhichofⅠ．用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Thefire,whichisthought_____________(start)fromthe8thfloor,spreadquicklythroughthetowerblock．2．AterriblefirebrokeoutonSundaynight,leavingtheHendersonTowerseriously________(damage)．3．Therefore,checkingdifferentsourcesenablesustodrawamore________(inform)

conclusion．tohavestarteddamagedinformed4．Peoplecanreadthesamecontentonlineas_________(print)inthenewspaperseveryday．5．Inadditiontomakingpeopleawareofaproductorservice,asuccessfuladvertisementwillalsocreateadesiretobuy,thus________(boost)business．isprintedboostingⅡ．在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~1．Fearsgrew____thenumberofdeathscouldreach5,accordingtothefiguresreleasedbyemergencyservices．2．Iwasabouttohaveabath_____Iheardpeoplescreaminganddogsbarking．3．Thefirstnewsreportpaysmoreattentiontotherescueefforts,______thesecondtalksmoreaboutdeathsandinjuries．4．___thechartshows,technologyhastransformedthewaypeoplegetnewsduringthepastyears．5．Thehistoryofadvertisinghasalwaysbeencloselylinkedwith____ofthemassmedia．thatwhenwhileAsthatⅠ．熟詞生義(選出黑體詞在句中的漢語意思)1．(2021·浙江1月卷)Andforparentstherearelostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday． ____A．學者 B．大學獎學金獲得者 C．學生C2．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Infact,mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker'smessage． ____A．同化 B．理解 C．使沉迷3．(2020·天津卷)Perhapsyou'dliketolearnalanguageorimproveyourEnglish．Thelibrarymaysponsoralanguagegroupyoucouldjoin．

____A．促成 B．提交 C．捐款BAⅡ．長難語句(分析句子的結構并翻譯成漢語)1．(2022·浙江1月卷)Toframehisstory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime．化繁為簡

本句是一個簡單句，可簡化為：Toframehisstory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogress...。句中不定式短語Toframehisstory作____狀語，afictionalwitnesstotheprogress作thecharacterofNed的______，其中broughtabout...inAmerica是動詞-ed形式短語作后置____，修飾theprogress。[嘗試翻譯]

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

為了構建他的故事，克萊因創(chuàng)造了內(nèi)德這個虛構的角色，內(nèi)德見證了美國蒸汽和電力革命帶來的進步。目的同位語定語2．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Forexample,oneparticipant'sexperienceof“We

sat

and

listened

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the

waves

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beach

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while”wasassignedthecategories

“sittingatbeach”and“l(fā)isteningtowaves”．化繁為簡本句是一個簡單句，可簡化為：...oneparticipant'sexperience...wasassignedthecategories...。句中的of“We

sat

and

listened

to

the

waves

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the

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while”是介詞短語作____，修飾experience。后面的thecategories是謂語動詞wasassigned的直接____，“sittingatbeach”and“l(fā)isteningtowaves”是categories的______。[嘗試翻譯]

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例如，一名參與者的“我們在海灘上坐著聽了一會兒海浪”的經(jīng)歷被分為“坐在海灘上”和“聽海浪”兩類。定語賓語同位語Simonisajournalistbyprofession．Hehasbeencommittedtojournalismeversincehis1．__________(graduate)．Dozensofaccuratenewsreportswrittenbyhimhavebeenbroadcastontelevision,allof2．______arebasedonfactualinvestigationsandhisgreatdiscrimination．三維

提能培優(yōu)·進階訓練graduationwhichForinstance,onedayabigfirebrokeoutinahousingestate．Simonhurriedtothescene,wherehefoundthewholecommunityhadbeenleftinamess,residents3．__________(scream)anddogsbarking．Ambulancesandfirefightershadalsoarrived,buttheroadwascrowdedwith4．_______(curiosity)citizens．Therefore,thetopprioritywastopersuadethemtogiveway5．_____thedoctorsandfirefighters．WithSimon'sassistance,thefirefightersfinallyapproachedtheburningbuildingandrescuedthe6．_______(trap)people．screamingcurioustotrappedWhilethedoctorswerebusytreatingtheinjured,Simonbegantoinvestigatethecauseofthefire．However,the7．__________(witness)gavecontradictoryexplanations．Oneofthemsaiditwasacigaretteendthatlitthecarpetonthe8．_____(nine)floor,andtheotherclaimedthattheagingofthewireswas9．________(blame)．Toavoidafalsereport,Simondecidedtofurtherlookintotheincident,anditdidn'ttakelongbeforethetruth10．___________(bring)tolight．ThescoopwasreleasedonTVintimeandreceivedveryhighratings．witnessesninthtoblamewasbroughtStep1．單句寫作(利用本單元知識補全所給英文句子)①上周六見證了一場非凡的越野賽跑，該比賽由當?shù)氐囊患夜举澲?。________________________anextraordinarycross-countryrace,___________________________．②我們學校也派出了數(shù)十名學生參加了這項比賽。Ourschoolalso________________________toparticipateinthisevent．LastSaturdaywitnessedsponsoredbyalocalcompanyassigneddozensofstudents③雖然道路崎嶇狹窄，但并沒有阻止參賽者全力以赴完成比賽。Theroadwasroughandnarrow,butitdidn'tpreventtheparticipantsfromfully___________________________________________