2024年初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講：倒裝句講義

PAGE5PAGE表示地點(diǎn)的副詞here,there置于句首,且主語(yǔ)是名詞(不是代詞)時(shí)表示時(shí)間、方向的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首,且主語(yǔ)是名詞(不是代詞)時(shí)作表語(yǔ)的形容詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、such置于句首時(shí)“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首,主句需要部分倒裝具有否定意義或半否定意義的副詞以及含否定詞的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)“so或neither+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”表示“……也/也不”so/such...that...句型以had/were/should開(kāi)頭省略if的虛擬條件句形式倒裝感嘆句themore...themore...句型whatever或however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)一倒裝句一、完全倒裝(FullInversion)謂語(yǔ)部分完全放在主語(yǔ)之前的句子,便是完全倒裝句。1.副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)類:①表示地點(diǎn)的副詞here,there置于句首,且主語(yǔ)是名詞(不是代詞),需用完全倒裝,其形式為:There/Here+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)。常用于此句型的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be,go,come,exist,follow,remain,lie等,時(shí)態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Theregoesthelastbus.末班公共汽車開(kāi)走了。Hereistheaddressofyourhotel.這里就是你賓館的地址。Theregoesthebellforbreak.下課鈴響了。Hereyouare.給你。(代詞作主語(yǔ),不倒裝)②表示時(shí)間的副詞(如:now,then等)、運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞(如:out,in,up,down,away等)及表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首,且主語(yǔ)是名詞(不是代詞),需用完全倒裝,其形式為:副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)。常用于此句型的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為come,fall,follow,exist,lie,go,remain,run等,時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Nowcomesyourturn!現(xiàn)在該你了!Upwentthearrowintotheair.箭直射向空中。Underthetablesleepsawhitecat.在桌子下面睡著一只白色的貓。Behindthecounterhestood.他站在柜臺(tái)后面。(代詞作主語(yǔ),不倒裝)2.表語(yǔ)類:為了保持句子平衡或強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)部分等,將作表語(yǔ)的形容詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、such置于句首時(shí),需用完全倒裝,其形式為:形容詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/such+be+主語(yǔ)。Happyarethosewhoarecontented.知足者常樂(lè)。Growingalloverthemountainarewildflowers.漫山遍野長(zhǎng)滿了野花。Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.席地而坐的是一群年輕人。Insidetheparcelwasaletter.包裹里有封信。Suchwerehiswords.(=Suchwaswhathesaid.)這就是他說(shuō)的話。二、部分倒裝(PartialInversion)把be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前的句子叫部分倒裝句。這類句型主要有下面幾種:1.only修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句,且放在句首時(shí)。OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.只有用這種方法我們才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。使用特點(diǎn):(1)在部分倒裝句中,如果謂語(yǔ)部分無(wú)助動(dòng)詞,則需找助動(dòng)詞來(lái)“幫助”構(gòu)成倒裝句。(x)Onlyafterthewarlearnedhethesadnews.(√)Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.只是在戰(zhàn)后他才得知那個(gè)不幸的消息。(2)only修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句不可倒裝,主句倒裝。(x)Onlywhendidhereturnwefoundoutthetruth.(√)Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth.只是當(dāng)他回來(lái)的時(shí)候,我們才查明了真相。(3)only修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子不可倒裝。(x)Onlycanheanswerthequestion.(√)Onlyhecananswerthequestion.只有他能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。3.六個(gè)重要的固定句型:(1)“so+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”意為“……也是如此”。Theylovehavinglotsoffriends;sodothosewithdisabilities.他們喜歡交很多朋友,那些身有殘疾的人也是如此。使用特點(diǎn):①此句型也可寫成“itis/wasthesamewith...”或“soitis/waswith...”。Theylovehavinglotsoffriends;itisthesamewiththosewithdisabilities.soitiswiththosewithdisabilities.②如果僅是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的肯定或附和(此時(shí)的so=indeed),那么,句子不可使用倒裝。試比較:A:Iwasafraid.(I指的是A)B:SowasI.(I指的是B,此句意為:Iwasafraid,too.)A:我害怕。B:我也是。A:Iwasafraid.(I指的是A)B:Soyouwere.(you指的也是A。此句意為:Indeedyouwereafraid.)A:我害怕。B:你就是這樣。(2)“neither/nor+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”意為“……也不這樣”。Lilycan'trideabicycle;neither/norcanLucy.莉莉不會(huì)騎自行車,露西也不會(huì)。使用特點(diǎn):①此句型也可寫成“itis/wasthesamewith...”或“soitis/waswith...”。Lilycan'trideabicycle;itisthesamewithLucy.soitiswithLucy.②此句型中的neither/nor不可用so...not替代,但可用not...either改寫。(x)Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Sohasn'the.(√)Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Neither/Norhashe.(√)Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Hehasnever/notbeenabroad,either.我沒(méi)出過(guò)國(guó)。他也沒(méi)有。(3)如此……以至于……So+adj./adv....that...Such+(a/an+)adj.+n....that...SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.他說(shuō)英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得如此清晰,以至于別人都能聽(tīng)得懂。Suchaninterestingbookdoeshehavethatweallwanttoreadit.他有一本如此有趣的書,以至于我們都想讀。使用特點(diǎn):在這個(gè)句型中,so,such后面的句子要倒裝,而that引導(dǎo)的從句不倒裝。(4)Neither...,nor...意為“……不……,……也不……”。NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.我不知道這件事,也不關(guān)心。使用特點(diǎn):由于neither和nor都是否定詞,所以它們后面的句子均需倒裝。(5)Notonly...butalso...意為“不僅……而且……”Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeopletofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.不僅要給那些找工作的人提供幫助,而且也要給那些有需要的人提供藥物治療。使用特點(diǎn):此句型也可寫成Notonly...but...或Notonly...but...aswell的形式,但but(also)連接的句子必需用正常語(yǔ)序。(6)Notuntil...意為“直到……才……”。Notuntil4:00inthemorningcouldhefallasleep.直到早晨4點(diǎn)他才睡著。Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.直到他回來(lái)我們才吃晚飯。但是:Notuntildidhereturnwehadsupper.(x)使用特點(diǎn):notuntil引導(dǎo)的是從句時(shí),until從句的主謂不可倒裝,只是主句需要倒裝。題組訓(xùn)練單句填空④Janewon'tjoinusfordinnertonightandTomwon'teither.⑤Notuntilhelefthishomedidhebegintoknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.三、形式倒裝(FormalInversion)形式上的倒裝在語(yǔ)法上稱為前置。它的特點(diǎn)是:只把強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容提至句首,主謂并不倒裝。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)非常多,但有幾個(gè)重要的句型需要特別注意:1.感嘆句Whataninterestingtalktheyhad!他們進(jìn)行了一次多么有趣的談話呀!Howinterestingtheirtalkis!他們的談話多么有趣呀!使用特點(diǎn):對(duì)名詞(或中心詞是名詞)感嘆時(shí),用what引出;對(duì)形容詞或副詞感嘆時(shí),用how引出。2.themore...,themore...句型ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.你聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)得越多,它就變得越簡(jiǎn)單。使用特點(diǎn):(1)此句型中的more代表的是形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí),要靈活使用。Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.你學(xué)習(xí)越努力,取得的進(jìn)步就越大。(2)此句型中的第一個(gè)themore引導(dǎo)的部分相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句;第二個(gè)themore引導(dǎo)的部分相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主句。所以,上面例句的意思實(shí)質(zhì)上就是:Ifyouworkharder,youwillmakegreaterprogress.3.however,whatever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(1)“however+adj./adv.”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Howeverdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wemustworkitoutthisevening.無(wú)論這個(gè)問(wèn)題可能會(huì)有多難,今晚我們必須解決它。(2)“whatever+n.”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Whateverreasonsyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.無(wú)論你有什么理由,你都應(yīng)當(dāng)履行諾言。4.as,though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)采用形式倒裝的情況(1)表語(yǔ)的倒裝Tiredas/thoughhewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.盡管很累,他還是繼續(xù)工作。Strangeas/thoughitseems,itistrue.盡管看上去奇怪,這事卻是真的。Exhaustedas/thoughshewas,shewasn'tabletosleep.盡管筋疲力盡,但她還是睡不著覺(jué)。注意:如果是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)作表語(yǔ),不再用冠詞。Youngestas/thoughheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishbest.他雖然是我們班年齡最小的,但他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得最好。(2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的倒裝Tryashemight,hedidn'tpasstheexam.盡管很用功,但他考試還是不及格。Searchastheywouldhereandthere,theycouldfindnothingintheroom.盡管到處尋找,但他們?cè)诜块g里找不到任何東西。注意:行為動(dòng)詞前置時(shí),從句主語(yǔ)后面要用may,might,can,could,will,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,若沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需加上一個(gè)do(does或did)。若前置的行為動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,則其賓語(yǔ)也隨其后一并提前。Changeyourmindas/thoughyoudo,youwillgetnohelpfromus.即使你改變主意,你也得不到我們的幫助。(3)狀語(yǔ)的倒裝Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn'twanttobuyit.雖然他很喜歡那輛自行車,但他不想買它。HardasIstudied,Icouldnotcatchupwiththem.我雖然學(xué)習(xí)努力,但還是趕不上他們。四、部分倒裝1.常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn):由否定詞或否定短語(yǔ)引起的倒裝：hardly,seldom,barely,scarcely,little,few,never,nowhere,not,bynomeans,innocase,innoway,onnoaccount,onnoconsideration,undernocircumstance,innotime,neverbefore.Ihaveneverfoundhiminsuchagoodmood.NeverhaveIfoundhiminsuchagoodmood.2.第二大考點(diǎn):句型把下列句子改成倒裝句一……就……,剛……就……1.Hehadhardly/Barely/scarcelyarrivedatthestationwhenthetrainbegantoleave._____________________________________________(Hardly/Barely/scarcelyhadhearrivedatthestationwhenthetrainbegantoleave.)2.Shehadgonenosoonerthanthetelephonerang._____________________________________________(Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanthetelephonerang.)B)Notonly…but(also)…3.Heisnotonlyafirst-classball-player,butheis（also）goodatchess._____________________________________________(Notonlyisheafirst-classball-player,butheis(also)goodatchess.)C)Notuntil4.Theteacherdidn’tcameuntilhefinishhishomework.（until從句不倒裝，主句主謂倒裝）_____________________________________________(Notuntiltheteachercameindidhefinishhishomework.)Itwasnotuntiltheteachercamethathefinishedhishomework.強(qiáng)調(diào)句不可倒裝D)only句型Only+時(shí)間副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)從句+倒裝句式5.Wecansucceedineverythingonlybyworkinghard.___________________________（Onlybyworkinghardcanwesucceedineverything.）6.Hewasabletoescapeonlywithagreatdealofefforts________________________________(Onlywithagreatdealofeffortswasheabletoescape.)7.Irealizedwhattroublehewasinonlywhenhetoldme._________________________________(OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.)OnlyWangLingknowsthis.注意：此處only修飾的是主語(yǔ)而不是狀語(yǔ)，所以不用倒裝。E)so/such+其他成分：部分倒裝so/such+表語(yǔ)：完全9.Lighttravelssofastthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.________________________________________(sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.)10.Helikeshisjobsomuchthathewouldnotstopworkingevenafterhewasseventy-five.________________________________________(Somuchdoeshelikehisjobthathewouldnotstopworkingevenafterhewasseventy-five.)F)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句adj.(單數(shù)不加冠詞)+though/as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)分詞v.Adv.12.Thoughitmayseemstrange,thetallestboyistheyoungest.__________________________________________(Strangethoughitmayseem,thetallestboyistheyoungest.)13.Ashewassurroundedbytheenemy,hewasnotafraid.__________________________________________(Surroundedbytheenemyashewas,hewasnotafraid.)Althoughsheisawoman,sheiscourageous.(Although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句不可倒裝)G)賓語(yǔ)從句為直接引語(yǔ)的句子“Let’sgo,”saidtheman.“Let’sgo,”hesaid,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)不倒裝。H）用于某些表示祝愿的句子Mayyousucceed!Mayhelivetoregretthisdecision.課堂精練I.Translation1）在線預(yù)訂出租車雖然很時(shí)尚，但許多相關(guān)問(wèn)題尚待解決。(as)___________________________________________________2）只有當(dāng)我們將計(jì)劃付諸實(shí)踐，我們才有可能會(huì)成功。(Only)___________________________________________________3）只有設(shè)定明確的人生目標(biāo)并為之不遺余力地奮斗，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)你成為有用之才的夢(mèng)想。(Only)___________________________________________________4）運(yùn)動(dòng)能增強(qiáng)我的體質(zhì)，也能讓我釋放學(xué)習(xí)壓力。(Notonly)___________________________________________________5）她的內(nèi)心深處一直存著一個(gè)疑惑，她可能是18年前被父母領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的。(Inthedepth)___________________________________________________【Keys】:1.Fashionableasbookingataxionlineis,manyrelatedproblemsremaintobesettled/solved.2.Onlywhenweputourplanintopracticearewelikelytobesuccessful.Onlywhenweputourplanintopracticecanwepossiblyachievesuccess.3.Onlybysettingcleargoals/aimsinlifeandsparingnoeffort/makingeveryefforttoworkonit/andworkingonitwithalleffortscanyourealizeyourdreamofbeingausefulperson/makeyourdreamofbeingausefulpersoncometrue.4.Notonlycansports/takingexercising/excisingbuildupmybody(health)/strengthen/improvemyfitnessbutalso