（高考英語作文煉句）第26篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.越來越多可以提供安全交易的可信賴的在線購物網(wǎng)站,加上曾經(jīng)伴隨網(wǎng)上購物而出現(xiàn)的欺騙和假冒行為正快速成為過去的事實(shí),使得人們?cè)絹碓綐芬庠诰W(wǎng)上購物.Thegrowingnumberoftrustworthyonlineshoppingsitesthatprovide

securetransactions(1.安全交易),

coupledwiththefactthat

(2.加上……的事實(shí))scamsandfraud

(3.欺騙和假冒行為)thatonce

associatedwith

(4.伴隨)onlineshoppingarequicklybecomingathingofthepast,hasmadepeoplemorewillingtoshopontheWeb.

1-securetransactions

詞典釋義：secureUK

[s?'kj??r]

US

[-'kj?r]

adjective

PROTECTED

受保護(hù)的

■(especiallyof

objects,situations,etc.)abletoavoidbeingharmedbyanyrisk,dangeror

threat

(尤指物品、境況等)安全的?Carmanufacturersoughttoproducevehicleswhicharemore

secure

against

theft.汽車制造商應(yīng)該生產(chǎn)出防盜更佳的汽車.?Endangeredspeciesneedtobe

kept

secure

from

poachers.應(yīng)該保護(hù)瀕危物種不被盜獵.

transaction

[tr?n'z?k.??n]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

ADVANCED

■whensomeonebuysorsellssomething,orwhenmoneyis

exchanged

交易(人們購買或出售物品,或兌換金錢貨幣)?abusiness

transaction生意?Each

transaction

attheforeignexchangecounter

seemstotakeforever.外幣兌換柜枱的每筆交易似乎都要花很長時(shí)間.?Weneedtomonitorthe

transaction

ofsmaller

deals.我們需要監(jiān)控規(guī)模較小的交易.

外刊例句：Nokia,EricssonandMotorolayesterdayjoinedforcesto

createastandardfordelivering

secure

transactions

onmobilehandsetsby2001.()諾基亞、索尼愛立信和摩托羅拉往日曾聯(lián)手合作,于2001年時(shí)為移動(dòng)設(shè)備的交易安全設(shè)立標(biāo)準(zhǔn).

替換表達(dá)：safetransactions

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

Safetrade點(diǎn)評(píng)：trade一般指"國與國之間的貿(mào)易”,這與普通的交易不同.(2)

Safebargains

點(diǎn)評(píng)：bargain一般指"便宜貨”或者"協(xié)議”,例如：Themanagementandemployeeseventuallystruck/madeabargain(=

reachedanagreement).勞資雙方最終達(dá)成了協(xié)議.這里用bargain來指"交易”不妥當(dāng).

2-coupledwiththefactthat

詞典釋義：couple['k?p.l]

verb

JOIN

加入

transitiveusuallypassive

[usually+adv/prep]

■tojoinorcombine

連接;結(jié)合

?Thesleepingcarandrestaurantcarwere

coupled

together.臥鋪車廂和餐車掛在一起.?Highinflation

coupled

with

low

outputspellsdisasterfortheGovernmentintheelection.低出口率與高通貨膨脹率導(dǎo)致政府在選舉中慘敗.

外刊例句：Thelackofclarityoverregulations–

coupledwiththefactthat

internationalcannabisgrowershave

alreadybecomeinvolvedinresearchanddevelopment–hasledmanytofeara

returntocolonialfarmingdays,addedIndian.

()印度人稱,監(jiān)管不夠透明,且國際大麻種植者也參與到了研究和研發(fā),這讓許多印度人害怕退回到殖民農(nóng)業(yè)時(shí)期.

替換表達(dá)：togetherwiththefactthat/alongwiththefactthat

3-scamsandfraudfraud既可以作可數(shù)名詞,也可以作不可數(shù)名詞.

詞典釋義：scam

●○○○○1.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

(通常以詐財(cái)或逃稅為目的的)詭計(jì),陰謀,騙局

A

scam

isan

illegaltrick,usuallywiththepurposeofgettingmoneyfrompeopleor

avoidingpayingtax.

【語域標(biāo)簽】：INFORMAL非正式?Theybelievedtheywereparticipatinginaninsurance

scam,notamurder...他們認(rèn)為自己是在參與一起保險(xiǎn)詐騙,而不是謀殺.

?Theduosetupa

scam

to

settletheirrespectivedebts.那對(duì)搭檔設(shè)了一計(jì)以消除各自的債務(wù).

fraud

●●●○○1.N-VAR

可變名詞

詐騙;欺詐

Fraud

isthe

crimeofgainingmoneyorfinancialbenefitsbyatrickorbylying.?Hewasjailedfortwoyearsfor

fraud

anddeception...他因?yàn)樵p騙和欺詐入獄服刑兩年.

?Tax

fraudsaredealtwithbytheInlandRevenue.稅務(wù)欺詐由國內(nèi)稅務(wù)局負(fù)責(zé)處理.

外刊例句：Scamsandfraud,weknow,tend

toproliferateatthemomentofmaximumuncertainty.()我們都知道：不確定因素處于頂峰之時(shí),便是詐騙詭計(jì)激增之際.

替換表達(dá)：deceit/deception

4-associatewith

詞典釋義：verb

transitive

UK

[??s??.si.e?t]

US

[-?so?-]

Phrasal

Verbs

associatesthwithsth

■Ifproblemsor

dangersareassociatedwithaparticularthingoraction,theyarecausedby

it

…是…所引起的;…和…有關(guān)聯(lián);…和…有瓜葛?Thecancerrisks

associated

withsmoking

havebeenwelldocumented.抽煙有引發(fā)癌癥的危險(xiǎn),這兩者的關(guān)聯(lián)是有詳盡的文獻(xiàn)為證的.

外刊例句：Companiesarenowfacedwiththeprospectofmillionsof

potentialcustomerswillingtoboycottbrandsthat

associatewith

thetoxicpoliticsofTrumpismortosupportthose

whorepudiatethem.

()公司現(xiàn)面臨著如此情景：百萬潛在顧客將抵制那些與特朗普主義的惡毒政策有關(guān)的品牌,而支持那些反對(duì)這些政策的品牌.

替換表達(dá)：comewith/accompany

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

Appearin點(diǎn)評(píng)：表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確,appearin是"出現(xiàn)”的意思.

Q：使得人們…這種使結(jié)構(gòu)怎么翻譯比較好?A：一般可以譯為：makepeopledosomething/letpeopledo

something

Q：句子中hasmadepeoplemorewillingto,中文不是說越來越嗎,請(qǐng)問能不能寫成moreandmore?只寫more是為什么呢?A：如果這里換成hasmadepeople

moreandmade

(=increasingly)willing

to也可以,此時(shí)moreandmore表示一種不斷增加的趨勢(shì),如果用more則會(huì)側(cè)重于與之前的行為做比較,有"更加……”的意思.

Thegrowingnumberoftrustworthyonlineshoppingsites

thatprovidesecuretransactions,coupledwiththefactthatscamsandfraud

thatonceassociatedwithonlineshoppingarequicklybecomingathingofthe

past,hasmadepeoplemorewillingtoshopontheWeb.

[分析]本句的主干是Thegrowingnumberof

trustworthyonlineshoppingsites…h(huán)asmadepeople

morewillingtoshopontheWeb,其中,主語部分是謂語hasmade之前的部分,其中心詞是onlineshoppingsites,其前Thegrowingnumber

oftrustworthy及其后thatprovidesecuretransactions都是修飾中心詞的定語,coupledwiththefactthatscamsandfraudthatonceassociated

withonlineshoppingarequicklybecomingathingofthepast為插入語作狀語,補(bǔ)充說明onlineshoppingsites的信息,其中,that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作thefact的同位語.謂語hasmade后跟people作其賓語,其后morewillingtoshoponthe

Web為賓語補(bǔ)足語.

2.雖然網(wǎng)上購物如果不小心或是沒有節(jié)制,會(huì)對(duì)年輕人產(chǎn)生消極影響,但實(shí)際情況是網(wǎng)上購物在學(xué)生當(dāng)中非常流行,甚至在今天都在繼續(xù)提升普及度.Whileonlineshopping,

ifdonecarelesslyorwithoutrestraint(1.如果不小心或沒有節(jié)制),couldhaveanegativeeffectonyoungpeople,

thefactremainsthat

(2.實(shí)際情況是)itisextremelyprevalentamongstudentsand,eventoday,continuesto

gaininpopularity(3.越來越流行).

1-ifdonecarelesslyorwithoutrestraint

詞典釋義：

restraint

●●○○○1.N-VAR

可變名詞

限制;制約因素;管制措施

Restraints

arerules

orconditionsthatlimitorrestrictsomeoneorsomething.

【搭配模式】：usuwithsupp?ThePrimeMinisteriscallingfornew

restraintsontradeunions...首相正在呼吁對(duì)工會(huì)施加新的限制措施.

?Withopenfrontiersandlaxvisacontrols,criminalscould

crossintothecountrywithout

restraint.由于邊境開放和簽證管理松懈,罪犯可以毫無限制地進(jìn)入這個(gè)國家.

外刊例句：Ifdonecarelessly

orillegally,

ontheotherhand,itgiftsthemanadvantage.

(www.)另一方面,這些事情若粗心或違法處理,將給他們帶來可乘之機(jī).

替換表達(dá)：...withoutcontrol

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

ifnot

carefulorunrestrained點(diǎn)評(píng)：這樣寫會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義,因?yàn)閚ot可以理解為與后面的unrestrained搭配,變成了notunrestrained

2-thefactremainsthat

詞典釋義：thefactremainsthat

phrase

used

foremphasizingthatsomethingisstilltruedespitewhatpeoplehavesaidor

done

Everyonetalksaboutsexualequality,butthefactremains

thatwomenarepaidlessthanmen.

外刊例句：Hesayshehasdoneittemporarilyandunwillingly,when

allotheroptionshavefailed,but

the

factremainsthat

hehasdoneit.

()他稱,自己是在其他方法都行不通時(shí),才暫時(shí)勉為其難地做這事,不過這可改變不了事實(shí)：他做了這事.

替換表達(dá)：thetruth/realityisthat...

3-gain(in)popularity

詞典釋義：gain[ge?n]

verb

intransitive

or

transitive

GET

獲得

ESSENTIAL

■togetsomethingthatisuseful,thatgivesyouan

advantage,orthatisinsomewaypositive,especiallyoveraperiodoftime

(尤指經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間逐漸)取得,獲得,贏得,博得?TheNationalistPartyhave

gained

alotofsupport

inthesouthofthecountry.南非國民黨已在南部地區(qū)獲得很多人的支持.?Whatdoyouhopeto

gain

from

thecourse?

你希望從這門課程中學(xué)到些甚么??Alternativemedicinehasonlyjuststartedto

gain

respectabilityinoursociety.另類療法在社會(huì)上只是剛剛開始被認(rèn)可.?[+twoobjects]ItwasherperformancesinAidawhich

gained

heraninternationalreputationasasoprano.正是她在《阿伊達(dá)》中的表演使她獲得了國際知名女高音的聲譽(yù).?Afteryou've

gained

someexperienceteachingabroad

youcancomehomeandgetajob.在獲得一些海外教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)后,你就可以回國找份工作.

外刊例句：Thelattermight

gain

inpopularity

ifLinkedInkeepsusers’detailsuptodateandoffers

alertsifacontactmovesfirms.

()領(lǐng)英如果保持更新使用者的詳細(xì)信息,并在他們跳槽到其他公司時(shí)予以提醒,那么后者可能會(huì)變得流行起來.

替換表達(dá)：becomeanincreasinglypopularchoice/growinpopularity

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

enhance

popularity點(diǎn)評(píng)：enhance一般不與popularity搭配,這里可以改為gaininpopularity

Q：ifdonecarelesslyorwithoutrestraint,是把主語提到前面,還是省略主語變成從句呢?A：這里是省略了主語,相當(dāng)于if(itis)donecarelesslyorwithout

restraint

Whileonlineshopping,ifdonecarelesslyorwithout

restraint,couldhaveanegativeeffectonyoungpeople,thefactremains

thatitisextremelyprevalentamongstudentsand,eventoday,continuesto

gaininpopularity.

[分析]本句的主干是thefactremains,這是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu),其中,主語部分的中心詞與其修飾從句被謂語remains分割開來,原因是謂語太短,為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,故這樣處理,同時(shí)使句子重要信息放置在句尾(句尾信息焦點(diǎn)原則),在本句中,謂語remains之后的that從句作同位語,修飾thefact.在主句之前,是一個(gè)While引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,其中包含了一個(gè)插入語ifdonecarelesslyorwithoutrestraint是一個(gè)條件狀語從句.

3.過去百年中幾乎所有的重大醫(yī)學(xué)突破都極大地依賴于動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn),而且毫不夸張地說每個(gè)活著的人都直接從中受益過.舉幾個(gè)例子：如果不利用動(dòng)物,天花(smallpox)和小兒麻痹(polio)的疫苗接種就不可能被研制出來,器官移植也是率先在動(dòng)物身上進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn).Almostallmajormedicalbreakthroughsofthepasthundredyearsreliedonanimaltestingtoasignificantdegree,and

itisnoexaggerationtosay

(1.毫不夸張地說)everyhumanalivehasbenefiteddirectly.

Togivejustafewexamples(2.舉幾個(gè)例子),thevaccinationsforsmallpoxandpoliocouldnothavebeendevelopedwithouttheuseofanimals,andorgantransplantationwas

pioneered

(3.開創(chuàng))inanimaltesting.

1-itisnoexaggerationtosay

詞典釋義：exaggeration

[?g?z?d?.?'re?.??n]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

ADVANCED

■whensomeonemakessomethingseemlarger,moreimportant,

betterorworsethanitreallyis

夸張;夸大;言過其實(shí)

?SalreckonsoversixtypeopleweretherebutIthink

that'saslight

exaggeration.

薩爾估計(jì)那邊有60幾人,但我覺得有點(diǎn)夸張.?[+

to

infinitive]

It

wouldbe

no

exaggeration

to

saythatherworkhassavedlives.她的工作挽救了很多生命,這樣說一點(diǎn)也不夸張.

外刊例句：Itisnoexaggerationto

say

thatphysicswasrebornintheearly20th-centurywiththetwin

revolutionsofquantummechanicsandthetheoryofrelativity.()毫不夸張地說,量子力學(xué)和相對(duì)論這兩大物理學(xué)革命讓物理學(xué)于20世紀(jì)脫胎換骨.

替換表達(dá)：Itistruethat...

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

It'sno

exaggeratetosay點(diǎn)評(píng)：動(dòng)詞和名詞誤用,這里應(yīng)該改為it

isnoexaggerationtosay(2)

Withoutmuch

fanfare點(diǎn)評(píng)：fanfare是指"(為慶祝而在媒體上的)喧耀”,例如：Theproductwaslaunchedamidmuchfanfareworldwide.這個(gè)產(chǎn)品在世界各地隆重推出.Withoutmuchfanfare用在這里不恰當(dāng).

2-togivejustafewexamples

詞典釋義：exampleUK

[?g'zɑ：m.pl]

US

[-'z?m-]

noun

countable

TYPICALCASE

典型事例

ESSENTIAL

■somethingwhichistypicalofthegroupofthingsthatit

isamemberof

典型;范例;實(shí)例?Couldyougivemean

example

of

the

improvementsyouhavementioned?

你可不可以舉個(gè)例子說明一下你剛剛提到的那些進(jìn)展情況??Thispaintingisamarvellous

example

of

her

work.這幅畫充分表現(xiàn)了她的作品風(fēng)格.?

Seealso

exemplify

ESSENTIAL

■awayofhelpingsomeonetounderstandsomethingby

showingthemhowitisused

例子;例證?Studythe

examples

firstofall,thenattemptthe

exercisesonthenextpage.首先仔細(xì)研究一下例題,然后試做下一頁的練習(xí)題.

外刊例句：Today,similarly,thereareoftensituationswherepeople

wanttreatment,butwheremedicinehaslittletooffer-lotsofbackpain,

stressatwork,medicallyunexplainedfatigue,andmostcommoncolds,

togivejustafewexamples.

()同樣,人們現(xiàn)在仍經(jīng)常在需要治療時(shí),藥物卻幫不了忙——背痛、工作壓力、尚無定論的精神疲勞,以及最為普遍的著涼等眾多病痛構(gòu)成了這一小撮例子.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

Forexamples點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒有forexamples的說法,應(yīng)該是forexample(2)

Togivesomeexample點(diǎn)評(píng)：應(yīng)該改為togivesome

examples

3-bepioneered

詞典釋義：pioneer2.VERB

動(dòng)詞

開創(chuàng);倡導(dǎo)

Someonewho

pioneers

anewactivity,

invention,orprocessisoneofthefirstpeopletodoit.

【語法信息】：Vn

【語法信息】：V-ed

【語法信息】：AlsoV?...ProfessorAlecJeffreys,whoinventedand

pioneeredDNAtests...發(fā)明和倡導(dǎo)DNA檢測(cè)的亞歷克·杰弗里斯教授?ThecampaignsarepartofAmerican-styleinnovationsbeing

pioneeredbythenewuniversities.這些運(yùn)動(dòng)是幾所新建大學(xué)倡導(dǎo)的美式創(chuàng)新的一部分.?...thefolk-talewritingstyle

pioneered

byGabrielGarciaMarquez.由加夫列爾·加西亞·馬爾克斯開創(chuàng)的民間傳說寫作風(fēng)格

外刊例句：Baseball,whichbreaksdownintodiscreteandeasily

measurablechunks,hasprovedparticularlyamenabletosuchanalysis,which

waspioneered

byBillJamesinthe

late1970sand1980s.

()把棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)分解為眾多分散的板塊來分析已經(jīng)經(jīng)證實(shí)為切實(shí)可行,而這種分析方法最早由比爾·詹姆斯于20世紀(jì)70年代中葉開始使用.

替換表達(dá)：initiate

Q：動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)是否可以用animalexperimentation呢?A：可以.這類表達(dá)可以用谷歌搜索或者語料庫查證,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有權(quán)威例證,就可以使用.

4.盡管沒人愿意看到動(dòng)物受苦,但動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的好處實(shí)在太大以至于無法放棄.絕大部分人愿意犧牲一些老鼠的性命以換取醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步,這些進(jìn)步在某一天可能會(huì)挽救他們或者他們親人的生命.Althoughnobodywantstoseeanimalssuffer,thebenefitsofanimaltestingare

toogreattogiveup(1.太大以至于無法放棄).

Thevastmajorityof

(2.絕大多數(shù))peoplewouldbewillingtosacrificeafewratsinordertogainmedicalprogress,progressthatmightonedaysavetheirlifeorthatofa

lovedone(3.親人).

1-tooadjtodo

詞典釋義：

too

…

forsbtodosth?Theboxwastoo

heavyformetolift.箱子太重,我提不起來.

外刊例句："Thepotentialfor‘bycatch’is

too

great

to

be

ignored,”5Gyreswrites.()5Gryres組織寫道"導(dǎo)致"魚類誤捕”的可能性極大,我們?cè)撚兴匾?”

替換表達(dá)：so...that...

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

bringssuch

enormousadvantagesthatitcanbehardlyquit點(diǎn)評(píng)：advantages改為benefits會(huì)更為自然;quit一般指"停止做(壞事或令人厭煩的事情)”,例如quitsmoking,quit用在這里不合適,itcanbehardlyquit應(yīng)該改為itcanhardlybe

givenup;句子應(yīng)該用so…that…結(jié)構(gòu),改為brings

somanybenefitsthatitcanhardlybegivenup(2)

so

overwhelmingthatpeoplecouldnotgiveupit點(diǎn)評(píng)：代詞it必須放在詞組giveup中間,giveupit應(yīng)該改為giveitup

2-thevastmajorityof

詞典釋義：

thevastmajority(ofsth)

used

whenyouwanttoemphasizethatsomethingistrueaboutalmostallofagroup

ofpeopleorthings(…的)絕大多數(shù)：?The

vastmajorityofbooksonthesubjectarecompleterubbish.有關(guān)這一話題的絕大多數(shù)書籍都是一派胡言.

外刊例句：Unknownto

thevast

majorityof

thepopulation,asmallgroupofBritish70-year-oldshas

shapedthehealthandwell-beingofeveryoneinBritainfortheirwhole

lives.()大部分人對(duì)這群由70歲英國老人組成的小團(tuán)伙都不知曉,但他們終其一生一直在為每位英國人的健康和幸福生活作貢獻(xiàn).

替換表達(dá)：theoverwhelmingmajorityof

3-alove