（高考英語作文煉句）第52篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.每個國家在道義上都有責任去保護它的人民的福利.對于像美國和中國這樣的國家,讓人民生活在赤貧線而在太空探索計劃上投入數十億美元或人民幣,這樣的事是無法接受的.Everycountryis

morallyobligedto

(1.在道德上有責任去做……)protectthewelfareofitspeople.ForcountriesliketheUnitedStatesandChina,itisunacceptabletohavepeople

livinginabjectpoverty

(2.生活在赤貧線)whenbillionsofdollarsoryuanarebeingspentonspaceexplorationinitiatives.

1-ismorallyobligedto

詞典釋義：morallyUK

['m?r.?l.i]

US

['m?：r-]

adverb

■basedonprinciplesthatyouorpeopleingeneral

considertoberight,honestoracceptable

道德上,道義上

?Morally,

you'reright,butinpracticeIdon'tthinkitwouldwork.從道義上講,你是對的,但實際上我認為那樣行不通.?Forateachertohitachildisnotjust

morally

wrong

butalsoillegal.教師打孩子不僅在道德上是錯誤的,而且也是違法的.?Shethinksshe's

morally

superiortotherestof

us.她認為自己的道德比我們其他人都要高尚.

obliged[?'bla?d?d/

(mainlyUSor

formal

obligated)

adjective

[afterverb]

FORCED

強迫的

be/feeletc.obliged

[+

to

infinitive]

■tobeorfeel,etc.forcedtodosomethingorthat

youmustdosomething

被迫做某事;必須做某事;只好做某事

?Doctorsarelegally

obliged

to

takecertain

precautions.法律規(guī)定醫(yī)生有責任采取某些預防措施.?Shefeels

obliged

to

benicetoJackbecausehe's

herboss.她覺得必須對杰克殷勤些,因為他是自己的老板.

外刊例句：ForMsMacFarquhar’ssubjectsthemselves,

everyone

ismorallyobliged

tobe

maximallygoodallthetime,andanythinglessisunjustifiablyselfish.()因為作為馬諾德研究對象的"人”本身是在道德層面上有義務盡可能每時每刻都做到盡善盡美的,稍微松懈都可視為無法辯解的自私自利.

替換表達：itisacountry’smoralobligationto…/everycountryhasamoral

obligationto…

2-liveinabjectpoverty

詞典釋義：abject['?b.d?ekt]

formal

adjective

EXTREME

極度的

abjectmisery/poverty/terror,etc.

■whensomeoneisextremelyunhappy,poor,frightened,etc

極其苦惱／赤貧／極度恐怖等?Theylivein

abject

poverty.他們過著赤貧的生活.?Thispolicyhasturnedouttobean

abject

failure.結果已經證明這項政策徹底失敗了.

外刊例句：Thestarkestevidenceoftheinequality

arisingfromunevenprogressistheplightofthebillionorsopeoplestuck

indevelopingcountrieswhostill

live

inabjectpoverty

andhavelowlifeexpectancy.

()對于發(fā)展不平衡所帶來的不公的最顯著證據就是,那數十億困在發(fā)展中國家人群所面臨的困境,他們生活仍極度貧困,十分短壽.

替換表達：liveonthebreadline/livebelowthepovertyline/livein

extremepoverty/liveindirepoverty

2.消滅赤貧和饑餓應該成為預算重點的主要原因是,這樣做對一個國家的社會和經濟最有利.因為貧窮和失業(yè)以及未充分就業(yè)緊密相關,如果普羅大眾的經濟困境沒有得到解決,即使是一個技術發(fā)達的國家最終也會遭遇經濟難題.Themainreasonthattheeliminationofdestitutionandhungershould

bemadeahighbudgetarypriority(1.成為預算重點)isthatdoingsois

inacountry'sbestsocialandeconomicinterests(2.對一個國家的社會和經濟最有利).Sincepovertyisassociatedwithunemploymentand

underemployment(3.未充分就業(yè)),evenatechnologicallyadvancednationcouldendupsufferingeconomicallyif

financialhardship

(4.經濟困境)amongitsgeneralpopulationremainsunaddressed.

1-bemadeahighbudgetarypriority

這里結構是"makeAB,使A成為B”的被動結構.

詞典釋義：budgetary

●○○○○1.ADJ

形容詞

預算的

A

budgetary

matterorpolicyisconcernedwiththeamountofmoneythatis

availabletoacountryororganization,andhowitistobespent.?Therearehuge

budgetary

pressuresonallgovernmentsinEuropetoreducetheirarmedforces.歐洲各國政府都面臨著巨大的裁軍預算壓力.

外刊例句：TheRoyalCollegeofPhysicians,whichhas

accreditedShah'scourse,recognisesthereisalackofadequatetrainingin

communicationskillsandurgesthattrainingbemade"highpriority"

informalmedicaleducation.

()皇家醫(yī)學院曾認可薩哈的課程,現在意識到了(學生)缺乏足夠的溝通技能訓練,催促要把此訓練放在正規(guī)醫(yī)療教育的"首位”.

替換表達：begivenahighbudgetarypriority

學生錯誤表達：thefocusof

thebudget點評：中式表達,thefocusof

something含義是"成為……的焦點”,例如thefocusofattention/

concern/interest關注的焦點,但不可以用thefocusof來與budget搭配.

2-inacountry'sbestsocialandeconomic

interests

詞典釋義：inone’sinterestUK

['?n.tr?st]

US

[-tr?st]

noun

ADVANTAGE

好處

ESSENTIAL

countable

usually

plural

uncountable

■somethingthat

bringsadvantagestooraffectssomeoneorsomething

利益,好處?Aunionlooksafterthe

interests

ofits

members.工會關心其會員的利益.?It's

inhis

interests

tokeepcareful

records.仔細做好紀錄對他有好處.?Inthe

interests

of

safety,pleasedonotsmoke.為了安全起見,請不要吸煙.?Despitewhatyouthink,I'monlyactinginyour

best

interests

(=doingwhatisbestforyou).不管你怎樣想,我這樣做完全是為你著想.

外刊例句：Ithasbeensaidthatsocialissuesinspire

Americanstovoteagainsttheireconomic

interests：

afactoryworkerelectsananti-abortionRepublican;inreturnhegets

anti-unionlaws.

()一直有言論認為,美國人會因為社會問題而投出對自己經濟利益不理的選票：工人選了位反墮胎的共和黨人,而相應地,也"得到了”反公會的法律.

3-underemployment

詞典釋義：underemploymentnoun

Etymology：

under

(III)

+employment

1.

：

astateoflessthanfullemploymentofthelaborforce

inaneconomy

：

theexistenceofnumbersofworkerswithoutjobs

2.

：

thepartialemploymentofaworker

3.

：

theutilizationofworkersatmoremenialorless

skilledtasksthantheirtrainingorabilitieswillpermit

外刊例句：Withweakfull-timeemploymentgrowth,

underemployment

isinmanywaysnowa

betterindicatorofthehealthoftheeconomythantheunemploymentrate.()隨著全職工作崗位數量增長下行,以未充分就業(yè)率來作為衡量經濟健康狀況從各方面來說,都要比用失業(yè)率更好.

4-financialhardship

詞典釋義：

hardship

●●○○○1.N-VAR

可變名詞

艱難;艱苦;貧困

Hardship

isa

situationinwhichyourlifeisdifficultorunpleasant,oftenbecauseyoudo

nothaveenoughmoney.?Manypeoplearesufferingeconomic

hardship...很多人正處于經濟困難之中.?Oneoftheworst

hardships

ishavingsolittletimetospendwithone'sfamily.最大的痛苦之一是幾乎沒有時間和家人在一起.

外刊例句：Mostofthemcitegovernmentcorruptionand

financialhardship

astheirreason

formigrating.()他們大多以政府腐敗和財政困難作為自己移民的原因.

替換表達：economichardship/economicdifficulties/financialdifficulties

3.貧窮和饑餓也與犯罪、毒品濫用甚至是自殺等社會問題有聯系,這些社會問題都會危害政府竭力所維護的和平與秩序.Povertyandhungerarealsoassociatedwithcrime,

drugmisuse(1.毒品濫用)andevensuicide,socialissuesthatcan

jeopardize(2.危害)theverypeaceandorderthatgovernmentsstrivetomaintain.

1-drugmisuse

詞典釋義：

misusenoun

countable

or

uncountable

/?m?s?ju?s/

■whensomethingisusedinanunsuitablewayorinaway

thatwasnotintended

濫用?Thisnewcomputersystemiscompletelyunnecessaryanda

misuse

of

taxpayers'money.這個新的電腦系統(tǒng)完全沒有必要,是濫用納稅人的錢.?the

misuse

ofpower/drugs濫用權力／藥物

外刊例句：InAustralia,thelargestpercentageincrease

in

drugmisuse

between2013and

2016wasamongpeopleaged60andover,withthisagegroupmainlymisusing

prescriptiondrugs.”()在澳大利亞,濫用藥物在2013到2016期間于60歲及以上群體中激增,而他們大部分是在濫用處方藥物.

替換表達：drugabuse

學生錯誤表達：drugaddiction點評：drugaddiction是指"毒品上癮”,這與"毒品濫用”不同.

2-jeopardize

詞典釋義：jeopardize

(UK

usually

jeopardise)

UK

['d?ep.?.da?z]

US

[-?-]

verb

transitive

■toputsomethingsuchasaplanorsystemindangerof

beingharmedordamaged

使處于危險境地;危及,損害?Sheknewthatbyfailingherexamsshecould

jeopardize

herwholefuture.她知道考試不及格會影響自己整個未來的前途.

外刊例句：In2011,theUSeducationdepartmentissueda

guidanceletterwarninguniversitiesthatunderTitleIX,theyarerequired

tohaveprocessesandstafftorespondtosexualmisconductandthata

failuretocomplycould

jeopardize

funding.

()在2011年,美國教育部給各受第九教育修正條例管制的大學發(fā)了意見指導信,警告它們需要組織人員應對不當性行為,而未能按此執(zhí)行的學?？謱⒃馐苜Y金削減.

替換表達：threaten/endanger/harm

4.盡管國家顯然應該投入資源去消滅貧窮和饑餓,但這并不意味著探索宇宙的努力應該被放棄.作為一個迅速發(fā)展的科學研究領域,太空探索可以促進就業(yè)增長,促進新技術發(fā)明,以及在國家的長期經濟發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要作用.Althoughtheneedforcountriesto

allocateresourcesto

(1.投入資源去……)eliminatepovertyandhungerisreadilyapparent,thisdoesnotmeanthateffortstoexplorethecosmosshould

beforsaken(2.被放棄).Asa

burgeoning

(3.迅速發(fā)展的)fieldofscientificresearch,spaceexplorationcanpromotejobcreation,leadtothediscoveryofnewtechnologies,andplayakeyroleinacountry'slong-termeconomicgrowth.

1-allocateresourcestodosth

詞典釋義：allocate['?l.?.ke?t]

verb

transitive

ADVANCED

■togivesomethingtosomeoneastheirshareofatotal

amount,forthemtouseinaparticularway

分配;分派;撥給,劃撥

?Thegovernmentis

allocating

￡10million

for

healtheducation.政府將撥出1000萬英鎊作為健康教育經費.?[+twoobjects]Asprojectleader,youwillhaveto

allocate

peoplejobs/allocatejobs

to

people.作為企劃案負責人,你必須給大家分派工作.?Itisnotthejoboftheinvestigatingcommitteeto

allocate

blame

for

thedisaster/to

allocate

blame

to

individuals.調查委員會的任務不是確定誰該為這場災難負責任／哪些人應該負責任.

外刊例句：Insteadoflettingthemarket

allocateresources,thecentralbank

ischoosingwhichbanksshouldbethebeneficiariesofeasing,andhowthey

shoulddirecttheirlending.()中央銀行并未讓市場自由分配資源,而是在選擇哪些銀行能得益于援助,以及它們又能如何控制其借貸.

替換表達：devoteresourcesto(doing)something

2-beforsaken

詞典釋義：forsake

●○○○○1.VERB

動詞

將…棄之不顧;遺棄;拋棄

Ifyou

forsake

someone,youleavethemwhenyoushouldhavestayed,oryoustop

helpingthemorlookingafterthem.?IstilllovehimandIwouldnever

forsake

him.我仍然愛著他,我永遠不會離他而去.?...childrenwho'vebeen

forsaken

byindividualteachers...已經被個別教師棄之不顧的孩子們

?Idon'twanthim