2024-2025學年新教材高中英語課時作業(yè)23UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSDiscoveringUsefulStructures含解析新人教版必修第一冊

UNIT4NaturaldisastersⅠ.閱讀理解Earthquakeshappenwithoutwarning(前兆).Theycanhappenanytimeofaday,atanypointduringtheyear.Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbefelt.Onlyafewbigoneshurtpeople.However,it'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenanearthquakeishappening.DoNOTgooutside.Youcouldgetinjuredfromfallingglassorpartsofbuildings.Ifyouareoutside,stayawayfrombuildingsandpowerlines(輸電線)．Stayunderadesk,table,orotherstrongfurniture.Holdontoit.Orstayinacornerofthebuilding.Coveryourfaceandheadwithyourarmsandcoveryourmouthwithatowelorclothing.Stayinsideuntilshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.Keepawayfromwindows,picturesoradvertisementsonthewallorthebuilding,andanythingelsethatcouldfallandhurtyou.Mostpeoplegetinjuredbyfallingthingsduringanearthquake,notbytheshakingitself.Alsokeepawayfromafire.Youcouldfalldownandburnyourselfonthefire.Ifyouaredrivingwhenanearthquakehappens,stopthecarifit'ssafe.Stayinsideyourcaruntiltheearthquakestops,anddon'tdrivenearbridges.Trynottostopbypowerlinesortrees.Thesecouldfallandhurtyou.本文是一篇說明文。文章通過對如何在地震中幸存下來和愛護好自己幾方面的講解，使我們了解和提高了平安防范意識。1．Mostearthquakesaretoo________tohurtpeople.A．strong B．weakC．dangerous D．heavy答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第三句Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbefelt.可知大多數(shù)地震都很“微弱”，故答案選B。2．Fromthepassage，whenanearthquakeishappening，weshould________.A．Stayunderabigbuilding B．StayunderastrongfurnitureC．Standbywindows D．drivenearabigbridge答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句Stayunderadesk，table，orotherstrongfurniture.可知地震發(fā)生時我們應(yīng)當躲在桌子、椅子或其他牢固的家具下，所以答案選B。3．Itisn'tsafeforyouto________whiletheearthquakeishappening.A．runoutofthebuilding B．stayinacornerofthebuildingC．coveryourheadwithyourarmsD．coveryourmouthwithatowel答案：A解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一句DoNOTgooutside.Youcouldgetinjuredfromfallingglassorpartsofbuildings.以及第三段最終一句Stayinsideuntilshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.可知地震期間不要出去會更平安一些，故答案選A。4．Thispassagetellsus________.A．howdangeroustheearthquakeisB．howtobesafeinanearthquakeC．weshouldn'tbeafraidoftheearthquakeD．howtheearthquakecomesintobeing答案：B解析：主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句However,it'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenanearthquakeishappening.以及下文每一段的第一句可知本文講的是地震來了如何愛護自己，故答案選B。Ⅱ.七選五TheScienceofEarthquakes__1__Thesurfaceoftheearthisdividedintodifferentpieces.Thesearecalledtectonicplates(構(gòu)造板塊).Whentwoplatessuddenlyslippastoneanother,anearthquakehappens.Thisshakesthegroundandeverythingonit.Whatcauseearthquakesandwheredotheyhappen?__2__Theyareinnercore,outercore,mantle(地幔)andtheearth'scrust(地殼).Thecrustandthetopofthemantlemakeupathinskinonthesurfaceoftheplanet.Butthisskinisnotallinonepiece.Itisactuallymadeupofmanytectonicplates.Theyarelikepuzzlepieces.Thesepiecesarealwaysslidingaroundandbumpingintoeachother.Sometimestheiredgesgetstucktogether.Whenthishappens,therestoftheplatekeepsmoving.Eventuallytheedgescomeunstuck.__3__Whydoestheearthshakewhenthereisanearthquake?Earthquakessendoutwavesinalldirections.Whentheyreachtheearth'ssurface,theyshaketheground.__4__ThePwavesqueezesandstretchestheearth.TheSwaveshakeitupanddown.__5__Scientistsusespecialtoolstorecordandmeasureearthquakes.Thesetoolsarecalledseismographs.Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.Theycanalsotellscientiststhesizeofanearthquake.A．Howareearthquakesrecorded?B．Thatiswhenanearthquakehappens.C．Therearedifferenttypesofearthquakewaves.D．Whatisanearthquake?E．Theearthhasfourmainlayers(層)．F．Canscientistspredictearthquakes?G．ScientistscantellwhereanearthquaketookplacebystudyingthePandSwaves.本文是一篇說明文。短文主要介紹了關(guān)于地震的一些學問。1．D解析：由“Thesurfaceoftheearthisdividedintodifferentpieces.Thesearecalledtectonicplates(構(gòu)造板塊).Whentwoplatessuddenlyslippastoneanother,anearthquakehappens.Thisshakesthegroundandeverythingonit.”可知，地球表面被分成不同的部分。這些被稱為板塊。當兩個板塊突然擦肩而過時，就會發(fā)生地震。這振動了地面和上面的一切事物。所以本段在向讀者說明地震是什么也就是小題1本段標題的內(nèi)容。故D選項“地震是什么”符合句意。故D選項正確。2．E解析：由“Theyareinnercore,outercore,mantle(地幔)andtheearth'scrust(地殼)”可知，它們是內(nèi)核、外核、地幔和地殼。所以小題2要總說“地球有四個主要層”。故E選項“地球有四個主要層”符合句意。故E選項正確。3．B解析：由“Thesepiecesarealwaysslidingaroundandbumpingintoeachother.Sometimestheiredgesgetstucktogether.Whenthishappens,therestoftheplatekeepsmoving.Eventuallytheedgescomeunstuck”可知，這些碎片總是四處移動，相互碰撞。有時它們的邊緣會卡在一起。當這種狀況發(fā)生的時候，剩下的板塊接著移動。最終邊緣會松脫。所以以上這些都在說明小題3所要總結(jié)性表達的內(nèi)容——那就是地震發(fā)生的時候。故B選項“那就是地震發(fā)生的時候”符合句意。故B選項正確。4．C解析：由“ThePwavesqueezesandstretchestheearth.TheSwaveshakeitupanddown.”可知，縱波擠壓并拉伸地球。橫波上下?lián)u動地球。所以小題4要總說“地震波有不同的類型”，然后再詳細說明。故C選項“地震波有不同的類型”符合句意。故C選項正確。5．A解析：由“Scientistsusespecialtoolstorecordandmeasureearthquakes.Thesetoolsarecalledseismographs.Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.Theycanalsotellscientiststhesizeofanearthquake.”可知，科學家運用特別工具記錄和測量地震。這些工具被稱為地震儀。地震儀的記錄告知科學家地震發(fā)生的時間和地點。它們還可以告知科學家地震的強弱。所以本段主要在探討地震是如何被記錄的也就是小題5本段的標題的內(nèi)容。故A選項“地震是如何被記錄的”符合句意。故A選項正確。Ⅲ.語法填空Myfamilyhaslivedinonebigcityafteranotherbecauseofmydad'sjob.IlovelivinginthecitybecauseIcanfindopportunitiesforculture,__1__(educate),andentertainment.Now,IliveinLondon.__2__myfreetime,Icanvisitthemuseums,thezoo,cinemaandcommunitycenters.Icanalsoreadgoodbooksinpublic__3__(library)andbookshops.Besides,Icanvisitlovelyandpeacefulparks__4__(relax)myself.However,somepeoplewholiveinthecountrydon'tliketoliveinthecitybecausetheyfeelstressful,noisyand__5__(crowd)．Ialsolikelivinginthecountry.Icanfeedcows,goatsandchickens,andevenlearntoride__6__horse.Icanalsogoonnaturewalks,andexploreforests,cavesandbeaches.However,somecitypeoplethinkcountrylifeislonelybecausetheythinkthey__7__(cut)offfromtheoutsideworld.Theyarealsomorelikelytobelonelywhen__8__(live)inabigcity.Soitishardtodecide__9__citylifeisbetterthancountrylifeornot.__10__(actual),it'snotwhereyoulivebuthowyoulivethatdecidesyourhappylife.本文是一篇爭論文。文章作者通過講解并描述自己在城市和鄉(xiāng)村的生活經(jīng)驗，說明白這樣一個道理——事實上，不是你在哪里生活，而是你如何生活，確定你的華蜜生活。1．education解析：考查名詞。句意：我喜愛生活在城市，因為我可以獲得文化、教化和消遣的機會。介詞for之后，用名詞，所以填education。2．In/During解析：考查介詞。句意：在我的空閑時間，我