專題03被動語態(tài)

專題03被動語態(tài)01品讀語篇初識語法被動語態(tài)ThisisthethirdtimeIhavebeenhere.Allvisitorstothistown①are

treatedwithkindness.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.Thetownlifehaschangedgreatlysince1992.Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhich②were

thrown

awayinthepast.TheTownHallwhich③was

completedinthe1800'swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthetownandalotoffactories④have

been

set

up.Thechurchtowerwhich⑤is

being

restoredwillbeopentotouristssoon,becausethework⑥will

be

finished.1．一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：am/is/are＋過去分詞，如加黑處____。2．一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：was/were＋過去分詞，如加黑處_____。3．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：am/is/arebeing＋過去分詞，如加黑處_____。4．現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：have/hasbeen＋過去分詞，如加黑處______。5．一般將來時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：will/shallbe＋過去分詞，如加黑處_____。①②③⑤④⑥02要義詳析探究語法一、基本知識(一)概念語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，它表示句子的主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。語態(tài)通常分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)則表示主語是動作的承受者。(二)構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)一般由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be本身無詞義，但有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。(三)用法1．講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者。(這時可省略by短語)*Mybikewas

stolenlastnight.我的自行車昨晚被偷了。2．借助被動的動作突出動作的受動者。*Thebikewas

knocked

downbyanaughtyboy.這輛自行車被一個調(diào)皮的小男孩撞倒了。3．為使句子更加合理、流暢。*Theplanwas

supportedbythosewhowishedtoliveonthecampus.這項(xiàng)計劃得到了希望住在校內(nèi)的人的支持。4．習(xí)慣用法的需要。這類詞常見的有born、determine、devote、seat、dress、situate等。*Hewas

borninChinain2017.他于2017年出生在中國。[即時演練1]——單句語法填空(1)Ifnothing_______(do)，theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.(2)Theoldtower_________(build)in1976andisnowstillinagoodstate.(3)—Sowhatistheprocedure?—Alltheapplicants_______________(interview)beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.isdonewasbuiltareinterviewed二、形式時態(tài)名稱被動語態(tài)形式一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are＋過去分詞一般過去時was/were＋過去分詞一般將來時will/shall＋be＋過去分詞過去將來時would＋be＋過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are＋being＋過去分詞過去進(jìn)行時was/were＋being＋過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時have/has＋been＋過去分詞過去完成時had＋been＋過去分詞*Theboyis

often

heardtoplaythepiano.人們經(jīng)常聽到這個男孩彈鋼琴。*Shewas

seentoenterthehall.有人看見她進(jìn)了大廳。*Anewhousewill

be

builtbyusnextyear.明年我們要建一棟新房子。*Theproblemis

being

discussedatthemeeting.會議上正在討論這個問題。*Ameetingwas

being

heldwhenIarrivedthere.我到那兒時，正在開會。*Alltheseflowershave

been

watered.這些花都澆過了。*Thebuildinghad

been

completedbeforeIarrivedthere.在我到那之前那座建筑就已竣工了。*Thesebooksmay

be

keptfortwoweeks.這些書可以借兩周。

被動語態(tài)中的be動詞有時可用get來代替?！癵et＋過去分詞”一般用來談?wù)撏蝗话l(fā)生的事件，只表示動作，不表示狀態(tài)。*Shegot

hurtonherwaybackhome.她在回家的路上受傷了。[溫馨提示][即時演練2]——單句語法填空(1)Itissaidthatthisnewshop_________(build)inourschoollastyear.(2)Aconcert____________(hold)soonatwhichtheworksofLisztwillbeplayed.(3)—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoone________(hurt).wasbuiltwillbeheldwashurt三、被動語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)1．以主動形式表被動意義的動詞(1)表示狀態(tài)特征的系動詞，如look、sound、feel、smell、taste、prove不用于被動語態(tài)，其后接形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示被動含義。*Thefoodtastes

delicious.這食物味道鮮美。*Thecottonfeels

soft.棉花摸上去很軟。(2)表示主語的某種屬性或特征的動詞，如open、shut、lock、sell、write、wash、start習(xí)慣上以主動形式表示被動含義。這類動詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，常伴有一個修飾語。*Thiskindofclothwashes

well.這種布好洗。*Theenginewon'tstart.引擎發(fā)動不起來。(3)need、want、require、deserve等動詞作謂語，其主語為物時，動詞后的v.-ing形式表示被動含義。*Theplanrequired

discussing.這項(xiàng)計劃需要討論。2．不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況(1)不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語無被動語態(tài)，常見的有：appear、die、disappear、rise、end、fail、happen、last、remain、spread、breakout、cometrue、fallasleep、loseheart、takeplace等。*Thepricehas

risen.價格升高了。*Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.事故是上周發(fā)生的。

要想正確地使用被動語態(tài)，就需注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些動詞是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。[溫馨提示](2)有些及物動詞和及物動詞短語不能用于被動語態(tài)，常見的有：fit、have、marry、own、wish、cost、notice、watch、agreewith、arriveat/in、shakehandswith、succeedin、sufferfrom、happento、takepartin、walkinto、belongto。*Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.這把鑰匙適合這把鎖。*Yourstoryagrees

withwhatheheard.你的故事與他聽到的相符。[即時演練3]——單句語法填空(1)Thischeese___________(notcut)easily.It'stoosoft.(2)Theflowersinthegardenneed________(water).(3)Youridea______(sound)agoodone.

doesn'tcutwateringsounds03課堂微練即時檢驗(yàn)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thelittlehome___________(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.2．And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood__________(need).3．Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulations__________________(employ)onlysincethemid-1980s.4．Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic__________(call)galleriesorrooms.waspaintedwasneededhavebeenemployedarecalled5．Whenfatandsalt___________(remove)fromfood,thefood______(taste)asifitismissingsomething.6．(2021·全國甲卷)It_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).7．Itmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon______________(construct).areremovedtasteswasbuiltisconstructed8．Mywashingmachine_________________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.9．Shewassaid____________________(charge)withdrunkdriving.10．Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we____________(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars.isbeingrepairedisbeingrepairedwereinvitedⅡ.語法與寫作(用被動語態(tài)完成句子)1．據(jù)報道，濟(jì)南正在建造一些新的地鐵線路。Itis