專題03 預(yù)防欺凌 從身邊小事做起-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解時(shí)文爆點(diǎn)專題訓(xùn)練（解析版）

專題03預(yù)防欺凌從身邊小事做起備戰(zhàn)2022-2023年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解時(shí)文爆點(diǎn)專題訓(xùn)練A（2022·重慶開(kāi)州·統(tǒng)考一模）Alishaisa12-year-oldgirlandshefeelsupsetthesedays.Shedoesn’twanttogotoschoolortalkwithanyoneelse.That’sprobablybecauseshewassufferingtheschoolbully(校園欺凌).JustlikeAlisha,manyyoungChinesestudentsarehavingthesameproblems.Theymayfeellonelyandworried.What’sworse,theymayevenwanttokillthemselvestogetawayfromthebadsituation.Schoolbullyoftenhappensbetweenstudentsagedfrom8to18intheirdailylife.Andithasbecomeaserioussocialproblemalloverthecountry.Schoolbulliesmaycomeinmanydifferentreasons:theymayhappenjustbecausesomeoneissearchingfor“freshandnew”feelings;orTHEYmayjustcomeoutofnoreasons;orbigguysjustwanttodoit.Afteralargenumberofreportsandacarfulresearchonthefurtherreasonsofschoolbully,manyexpertssaythatbeingshortof(缺乏)parents’loveandguidancemaybethemaincauseforthissocialproblem.Howcanwedealwithschoolbully?Manyotherdevelopedcountries,includingtheUSandtheUK,havemadeverystrictlawstostopschoolbully.AfterreportedbythelocalTVsandradios,threeChinesegirls,studyingintheUS,whobulliedoneoftheirclassmatesveryseriously,havepaidanenormous(巨大的)pricefortheirbehavior.1．Accordingtothepassage,Alisha________.A．is13yearsold B．wantstogotoschoolC．feelsupsetthesedays D．wantstotalkwithothers2．Theword“THEY”inparagraph2means________.

A．Chinesestudents B．schoolbullies C．reports D．schoolbullyreasons3．IfyoubullyyourclassmateseriouslyintheUS,you________.A．mayfeellonelyB．loseyourparents’loveC．maybebulliedbythisclassmateD．maypayanenormouspriceforthebehavior4．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．a(chǎn)girlcalledAlisha B．theschoolbully C．threeChinesegirls D．theschoollife【答案】1．C

2．B

3．D

4．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文通過(guò)Alisha的例子引出了校園欺凌這種現(xiàn)象，并對(duì)校園欺凌行為進(jìn)行分析，許多國(guó)家為杜絕這種現(xiàn)象而進(jìn)行的努力。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Alishaisa12-year-oldgirlandshefeelsupsetthesedays.”可知，Alisha這些天感到沮喪。故選C。2．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Schoolbulliesmaycomeinmanydifferentreasons”可知，此處的“they”指的是校園欺凌。故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Afterreported...

threeChinesegirls,studyingintheUS,whobulliedoneoftheirclassmatesveryseriously,havepaidanenormous(巨大的)pricefortheirbehavior.”可以推斷出，如果在美國(guó)校園欺凌其他同學(xué)，欺凌者將會(huì)為他們的行為付出巨大代價(jià)。故選D。4．主旨大意題。本文通過(guò)Alisha的例子引出了校園欺凌這種現(xiàn)象，并對(duì)校園欺凌行為進(jìn)行分析，許多國(guó)家為杜絕這種現(xiàn)象而進(jìn)行的努力，文中所有內(nèi)容均與校園欺凌有關(guān)，因此這篇文章主要是關(guān)于校園欺凌的。故選B。B（2022·河北保定·統(tǒng)考一模）Atsomepointinlife,manypeopledevelopamental(精神)problem.Whilemostpeoplegetoverit,forothersitdoesn’tgoawayeasily.TheWHOsaysthatabout20percentofteenagersworldwidesufferfrommentalillness.It’sthoughtthatthenumberofteenagerswithmentalillnessaroundtheworldwillincreasebyhalfby2020.Itwillbecomeoneofthemaincausesofillness,andevendeath.InChina,thepictureisn’tbright,either.Aboutonetenthofteenagersundertheageof17haveamentalhealthchallenge.Theworldischangingfast.Studyandrelationshipshavealwayscausedstress,buttodaythestressismuchhigherthanbefore,theWHOsaid.AresearchcentreinOxfordUniversitysaysthatyoungpeopletodayhavebigstressesatschool.Forexample,theyexperiencebullying(欺凌).Ina2017report,thecentrenotedthattheInternetwasaspecialsource(渠道)ofstress.Online,youngpeopleoftensee“messagesaboutperfection”andthiscausestheyoung“greatuncertaintyabouttheirfutures”,saysthecentre.Also,accordingtoChinaDaily,Chinesepeopledon’taskforhelpwiththeirmentalproblems.Theyfearthatotherswillthinklessofthemiftheysaythattheyareinmentaltrouble.ElainePeng,aUSmentalhealtheducator,makesasimilarpoint.AndintheUK,overthreequartersofyoungpeoplebelievetheirmentalproblemshaveasocialstigma.Itisreportedin2017thataquarterofyoungUKpeoplewouldn’taskforhelpiftheydevelopedamentalproblem.Youngpeoplewhodon’taskforhelpfortheirconditionmaybecreatingproblemsforthemselvesinthefuture.ElainePengwarnedthat,“Ifwehideourmentalhealth,itmayremainaproblemforever.”“Mymessageforyoungpeopleis,ifyoufeelsomethingiswrongwithinyou—askforhelp,”hetoldChinaDaily.5．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecauseofstressaccordingtothepassage?A．Heavyschoolwork. B．SomeinformationfromtheInternet.C．Beingbulliedatschool. D．Certaintyaboutthefuture.6．Whydon’tChinesepeopleaskforhelpwiththeirmentalproblems?A．Theydon’tthinkthemserious. B．Theycangetoverthemintime.C．Theycankeeptheirmentalhealthsecret. D．Theyareafraidofbeinglookeddownupon.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stigma”mostprobablymeaninChinese?A．shame B．a(chǎn)dvantage C．help D．pride8．ElainePengadvisedtheteenagerswithmentalillnessto________.A．thinklessofthemselves B．a(chǎn)voidbeingbulliedC．a(chǎn)skforhelpassoonaspossible D．stayawayfromtheInternet9．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A．a(chǎn)skresearchcentersforhelp B．showsomedifferentopinionsfromdifferentcountriesC．tellaboutteenagers’stresses D．callpublicattentiononteenagerswithmentalillness【答案】5．D

6．D

7．A

8．C

9．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了青少年心理疾病的問(wèn)題，希望引起大眾的注意。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，學(xué)習(xí)壓力、校園欺凌以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息是壓力原因。故選D。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Also,accordingtoChinaDaily,Chinesepeopledon’taskforhelpwiththeirmentalproblems.Theyfearthatotherswillthinklessofthemiftheysaythattheyareinmentaltrouble.”可知，中國(guó)人在心理問(wèn)題上不尋求幫助。他們害怕如果他們說(shuō)自己有精神問(wèn)題，別人會(huì)看輕他們。故選D。7．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Itisreportedin2017thataquarterofyoungUKpeoplewouldn’taskforhelpiftheydevelopedamentalproblem.”可知，有些人出現(xiàn)心理問(wèn)題不去尋求幫助，說(shuō)明把它看成是一種社會(huì)恥辱，因此“stigma”意為“恥辱”，與“shame”同義。故選A。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Mymessageforyoungpeopleis,ifyoufeelsomethingiswrongwithinyou—askforhelp,”hetoldChinaDaily.”可知，建議青少年覺(jué)得自己內(nèi)心有問(wèn)題，就去尋求幫助。故選C。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Atsomepointinlife,manypeopledevelopamental(精神)problem.”和全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了青少年心理疾病的問(wèn)題，希望引起大眾的注意。故選D。C（2022·湖北咸寧·統(tǒng)考二模）Haveyourschoolmateseverthreatened(威脅)totakeyourmoney?Haveyoueverbeenpunched(揍)orkickedbysomeoneatschool?Thesearesomeformsofbullying(欺凌).Butinfact,verbal(口頭的)bullyingisthemostcommonkindofbullying.OnNov12,2018,Guangdongprovinceannouncednewguidelinestodealwithschoolbullying.Besides(除……外)physicalbullying,itincludesotherkindsofbullyingsuchascallingpeoplenamesandinsulting(侮辱)themonsocialmedia,ChinaWomen’sNewsreported.Peoplehavepointedoutthatinsultslikethesecanhavealifelongnegativeimpact(負(fù)面影響).“Iwascalledshortandfatinmiddleschool,andIstillfeelbadwheneverIhearthosewords,”ausercalledMingxinwroteonSinaWeibo.However,somepeoplewonderhowwecanknowwhethersomethingisinsultingornot.“Itshouldbejudgedbythepersonwhoisbeingtargeted(針對(duì)).Ifone’sfeelingsarebadlyhurtbyanickname(綽號(hào)),thenitisaninsultingone,”professorHuangYafutoldChinaYouthDaily.ButYangDewei,alawyerinBeijingbelievesthatthespecificsituationshouldalsobeconsidered.Somenicknamesmayjustbeharmlessjokes.Ifyoueverfeellikeyou’rebeingbullied,eitherphysicallyorverbally,firsttellthebullytostop.Ifthisdoesn’twork,tellyourparentsorteachersaboutit.AccordingtotheGuangdongguidelines,schoolswillhave10daystosolvebullyingcasesandworkoutproperpunishments.Ifaschoolfailstohandlecasescorrectly,thepeoplewhoruntheschoolcouldbepunishedbythegovernment.10．Howmanykindsofbullyingarementionedinthepassage?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.11．Thenewguidelineswereannouncedto______.A．mentionotherkindsofbullyingB．pointoutwhatinsultspeopledislikeC．stopschoolbullyingD．showthenegativeimpactofbullying12．WhatkindofsituationisNOTinsulting?A．Xiaomingfeelsterriblewhenotherscallhisnickname.B．SomestudentsalwaysplaytricksonMary.C．TomandPeterlikemakingjokesabouteachother.D．Ericiscalledfatandstupidbyotherstudentsatschool.13．Whatcanwedoifwearebullied?A．Tellthebullytostop. B．Letourparentspunishthebully.C．Hidethefactsofbeingbullied. D．Filealawsuitagainsttheschool.14．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Whybullyinghappensinschools. B．Thehistoryofbullying.C．Thekindsofpeoplewhosufferfrombullying. D．Whatbullyingisandhowtostopit.【答案】10．B

11．C

12．C

13．A

14．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了什么是欺凌以及如何制止欺凌。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“verbal(口頭的)bullyingisthemostcommonkindofbullying.”和“Besides(除……外)physicalbullying”可知，本文一共提到了兩種欺凌方式。故選B。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“OnNov12,2018,Guangdongprovinceannouncednewguidelinestodealwithschoolbullying.”和“AccordingtotheGuangdongguidelines,schoolswillhave10daystosolvebullyingcasesandworkoutproperpunishments.”可知，廣東省新的處理校園欺凌的指導(dǎo)方針是來(lái)解決欺凌案件，停止欺凌。故選C。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Itshouldbejudgedbythepersonwhoisbeingtargeted(針對(duì)).Ifone’sfeelingsarebadlyhurtbyanickname(綽號(hào)),thenitisaninsultingone.”可知，由被針對(duì)的人來(lái)判斷，如果這個(gè)人面對(duì)綽號(hào)很受傷，那就是一種欺凌。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，只有C項(xiàng)“湯姆和彼得互相開(kāi)玩笑”沒(méi)有涉及到嚴(yán)重傷害，不屬于欺凌。故選C。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ifyoueverfeellikeyou’rebeingbullied,eitherphysicallyorverbally,firsttellthebullytostop.”可知，如果受到了欺凌，不管是身體的還是口頭的，首先要讓欺凌者停止欺凌行為。故選A。14．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了校園欺凌現(xiàn)象，其中口頭欺凌是最常見(jiàn)的一種欺凌方式；此外，本文還介紹了廣東省教育廳發(fā)布新的指導(dǎo)方針，該方針定義了什么是欺凌，以及面對(duì)欺凌應(yīng)該如何處理。因此，本文主要講述了什么是欺凌，以及應(yīng)該如何停止欺凌。故選D。D（2022·北京東城·統(tǒng)考一模）Kidscanmakeadifferencetotheworld.Herearestoriesaboutfouramazingkids.CashDaniels,12,clearsrubbishfromlocalrivers.25kidsoftenjoinhimfortheclean-ups.Theyhavecollectedover11,000poundsofrubbishfromtherivers.Cashalsorunsarecyclingprogramtocollectcansfrombusinesses.Sofar,hehasrecycledover2,000poundsofthem.OrionJean,11,startedtodogooddeedstoothersafterwinningtheNationalKindnessSpeechCompetitionin2020.Heorganizeseventstoprovidefood,toysandbooksforpeopleinneed.Hehascollectedover500,000booksforkids,andover100,000mealsforlocalfamilies.LinoMarrero,14,inventedtheKineticKickz2.0.It’ssomethingthatfitsintothesole（鞋底）ofashoe.Itcollectswastedenergyfromwalking.Thenpeoplecanuseittopowerupmobilephones.Linoencouragesotherstocomeupwithideasforinventionswhilesolvingeverydayproblems.SamirahHorton,13,isknownasDJAnnieRed.Shestartedtoperformwhenshewas6.Throughhermusic,shehelpskidsofallagestostanduptobullying（欺凌）.ShealsoreadsherbookTheBullyStoptokids.It’sbasedonhersongNo,YouWon’tBullyMe.Whohelpscleanuplocalrivers?A．CashDaniels. B．OrionJean. C．LinoMarrero. D．SamirahHorton.16．HowmanybookshasOrionJeancollectedforkids?A．Over2,000. B．Over11,000. C．Over100,000. D．Over500,000.17．WhatdoesLinoMarreroencourageotherstodo?A．Helppeopleinneed. B．Inventnewthings.C．Joinrecyclingprograms. D．Standuptobullying.【答案】15．A

16．D

17．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了四個(gè)對(duì)世界產(chǎn)生影響的孩子。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“CashDaniels,12,clearsrubbishfromlocalrivers”可知CashDaniels幫助清理河流。故選A。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hehascollectedover500,000booksforkids”可知他為孩子收集了50多萬(wàn)本書(shū)。故選D。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Linoencouragesotherstocomeupwithideasforinventions”可知他鼓勵(lì)其他孩子有發(fā)明創(chuàng)意。故選B。E（2022·廣東茂名·統(tǒng)考二模）Bulling（欺凌）canhappentoanyone.Agreatmanychildrenaroundtheworldarebulliedeveryyear.Buttherearethingsthatcanbedonetohelp.Whatisbullying?Bullyingiswhensomeonemakesyoufeelbadorhurtsyouagainandagain.Bullyingcanhappenatschool,outofschoolandonline.Bullyingincludes:*callingpeoplemean（惡意的）names*laughingatpeople*tellingliesaboutpeople*takingsomeone’sthingswithoutpermission（允許）*notlettingsomeoneplayinagroupWhatiscyberbullying?Cyberbullyingincludes:*sendingbadmessagesonline*sharingphotosonlinewithoutpermission*notlettingsomeonebepartofanonlinegroupWhatcanyoudo?*Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou,tellanadultthatyouknowandlike.Forexample,talktoaparentorateacher.*Ifyougetbadmessages,don’treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamilyorthepolice.Askanadultforhelp.Don’tshareanythingbeforeyoumakesureitistrue.Thatwillhelpstopthecyberbullying.*Talktoyourparentsorteacheroranadultifyouarebulliedorifyouareworriedaboutafriend.*Saysorryifyouarenotkindtosomeone.Youcanwriteamessageortalktotheperson.Andalwaysremember:thinkabouthowtobekindinthefuture.Formoreinformation,visitourhomepageatwww.kidsworld.com.Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingarebullyingEXCEPT________.A．laughingatpeople B．tellingliesaboutpeopleC．sendingbadmessagesonline D．a(chǎn)skingsomeone’sthingswithoutpermission19．Cyberbullyingmeansbullying________.A．a(chǎn)thome B．online C．inpublic D．a(chǎn)tschool20．Ifyouarebullied,talktoyour________.A．classmate B．friend C．brother D．teacher21．Thereare________suggestionsforbullying.A．3 B．4 C．5 D．822．Thepassageisprobablyfoundin________.A．a(chǎn)schoolmagazine B．a(chǎn)storybook C．a(chǎn)textbook D．a(chǎn)notice【答案】18．D

19．B

20．D

21．B

22．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要敘述了當(dāng)下“兒童欺凌事件”頻繁，危害極大，并針對(duì)欺凌問(wèn)題給孩子們提出了具體的應(yīng)對(duì)建議。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Bullyingincludes:callingpeoplemeannames”“l(fā)aughingatpeople”“tellingliesaboutpeople”“takingsomeone’sthingswithoutpermission”“notlettingsomeoneplayinagroup”可知，欺凌并不包括未經(jīng)允許就要他人的物品。故選D。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Cyberbullyingincludes:sendingbadmessagesonline；sharingphotosonlinewithoutpermission；notlettingsomeonebepartofanonlinegroup”可知，cyberbullying指“網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力”。故選B。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou,tellanadultthatyouknowandlike.Forexample,talktoaparentorateacher”可知，如果遇到欺凌可求助我們信任或熟悉的成人如父母或老師等。故選D。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou...”“Ifyougetbadmessages...”“ifyouarebulliedorifyouareworriedaboutafriend”及“Saysorryifyouarenotkindtosomeone”可推斷作者給出了四種建議。故選B。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)開(kāi)篇“Agreatmanychildrenaroundtheworldarebulliedeveryyear”可知本文關(guān)于“兒童欺凌”，由“Formoreinformation,visitourhomepageatwww.kidsworld.com.”可知文章是“兒童世界網(wǎng)站”對(duì)“關(guān)注兒童欺凌”的呼吁和建議，故這篇文章最可能出現(xiàn)在“校園刊物”上。故選A。F（2022·重慶綦江·校考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Bullyinginschools(校園暴力)hasbeenaseriousproblemaroundtheworld.Moreandmoreparentsareworriedaboutbullying.Herearesometypesofbullying.Herearesomeactivitiestoteachstudentsaboutbullying.Internetorlibraryresearch,suchaslookinguptypesofbullying,andhowtopreventitPresentations,suchasaspeechorrole-playonstoppingbullyingDiscussionsabouttopicslikereportingbullyingCreativewriting,suchasapoemorastoryspeakingoutagainstbullyingArtworks,suchasapaintaboutrespectortheinfluenceofbullyingClassroommeetingstotalkaboutrelationshipsbetweenstudents23．Bullyinghasbeenaproblem________.A．onlyinChina B．onlyontheInternet C．a(chǎn)roundtheworld D．inourclassroom24．Accordingtothepictures,usingtheInternettospreadsomethingbadis________.A．verbalbullying B．emotionalbullying C．cyberbullying D．physicalbullying25．Toknowaboutbullying,wecandothefollowingaccordingtothepassageEXCEPT________.A．havingsomediscussionaboutbullying B．doingsomeartworksaboutrespectC．doingsomecreativewriting D．watchingsomemoviesaboutbullying26．Youmayfindthematerialina________.A．schoolmagazine B．sciencereport C．personaldiary D．storybook【答案】23．C

24．C

25．D

26．A【分析】校園暴力一直是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的世界難題，本文介紹了一些欺凌的類型和關(guān)于教學(xué)生關(guān)于欺凌的一些活動(dòng)。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Bullyinginschoolshasbeenaseriousproblemaroundtheworld.”可知，校園暴力一直是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的世界難題，故選C。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三幅圖可知，利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳播不好的東西是cyberbullying，故選C。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Discussionsabouttopicslikereportingbullying”，“Artworks,suchasapaintaboutrespectortheinfluenceofbullying”和“Creativewriting,suchasapoemorastoryspeakingoutagainstbullying”可知，文章沒(méi)提到觀看一些關(guān)于欺凌的電影，故選D。26．推理判斷題。本文介紹了一些欺凌的類型和關(guān)于教學(xué)生關(guān)于欺凌的一些活動(dòng)，所以推測(cè)可能在學(xué)校雜志上看到這篇文章，故選A。G（2022·云南曲靖·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Bullying（欺凌）canhappentoanyone.Agreatmanychildrenaroundtheworldarebulliedeveryyear,buttherearethingsthatcanbedonetohelpWhatisbullying?Bullyingiswhensomeonemakesyoufeelbadorhurtsyouagainandagain.Bullyingcanhappenatschool,outofschoolandonline.Bullyingincludes:·callingpeoplemean（惡意的）names·laughingatpeople·tellingliesaboutpeople·takingsomeone'sthingswithoutpermission（允許）·notlettingsomeoneplayinagroup·hittingpeople.Whatiscyberbullying?Cyberbullyingincludes:·sendingbadmessagesonline·sharingphotosonlinewithoutpermission·notlettingsomeonebepartofanonlinegroup·spreadingliesonline.Whatcanyoudo?Ifsom