2024年高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)-四選一閱讀之推理判斷題導(dǎo)學(xué)案

2/2突破高考英語四選一閱讀之推理判斷題推理判斷題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。解答該類題目時(shí)一定要從整體上把握語篇內(nèi)容，在語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息之間架起橋梁，透過字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在進(jìn)行推斷時(shí)，要據(jù)文推理、合情推理，不可脫離原文主觀臆斷。高考對(duì)推理判斷題的考查形式包括以下幾種：隱含推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題、寫作手法題、寫作意圖題、文章出處/類別題和作者身份/讀者對(duì)象題。一、隱含推斷題和觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題【熱點(diǎn)考向一】隱含推斷題——關(guān)鍵詞句細(xì)推敲【典例1】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷閱讀C)Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters，Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨(dú)處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh－qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspentonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices，whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.自主解答：________【圖解技巧】【實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用】一看題干——確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞(題干黑體字)二讀原文——根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位信息句(畫波浪線句)三定答案——由信息句可推知，作者建議讀者根據(jù)需要與實(shí)際情況使用第二部分中提及的實(shí)踐?！娟P(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】隱含推斷題要求考生推斷出作者沒有直接說明的內(nèi)容或可能會(huì)發(fā)生的事情，理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解關(guān)鍵詞句的真正含義，才能作出準(zhǔn)確的推斷。【熱點(diǎn)考向二】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題——依據(jù)措辭定態(tài)度【典例2】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷閱讀D)ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion，theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance，theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow－upstudywith100universitystudents，theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates？Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds？Thishappenedsomeofthetime，butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently，thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow，theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain，thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision－makingareenormous.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful. D.Approving.自主解答：________【圖解技巧】【實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用】一看題干——確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞(題干黑體字)二讀原文——根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位信息句(畫波浪線句)三定答案——最后一段作者說，雖然Navajas的研究有局限性，但是從他的研究看，團(tuán)隊(duì)討論和做決定的潛在影響是巨大的，由此判斷作者對(duì)Navajas的研究持支持態(tài)度?！娟P(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】1.關(guān)注文中措辭作者的思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間。因此，在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞或副詞。2.熟背常見選項(xiàng)肯定/支持positive積極樂觀的；optimistic樂觀的；favorable贊同的；approving贊成的；supportive支持的；reasonable合理的反對(duì)/否定disapproving不贊成的；critical批評(píng)的；negative否定的，消極的；doubtful/skeptical/suspicious懷疑的；pessimistic悲觀的；dismissive輕蔑的中立/客觀objective客觀的；neutral中立的；unconcerned不關(guān)心的；indifferent漠不關(guān)心的；uninterested不感興趣的；unclear不清楚的【隨堂演練】(2023·廣州普通高中畢業(yè)班綜合測試)DellaStewardgotthestandardwell－wishesonherblogonher53rdbirthday,butshegotsomeunusualmessagestoo.OnewasabouttheSmithfamilywhohadjustlosttheirfour－year－oldsontocancer.Hisolderbrotherwasindeepsorrow.CouldDellahelp?Thatmessageandthe30orsootherslikeitwereexactlywhatDellawaslookingfor.Tocelebrateher53rd,thelong－timesocialserviceprofessionalhadputoutacallonherblog.Shewantedtocommit53randomactsofkindnessbytheendofherbirthmonth,andsheneededinformationonpeoplewhocoulduseone.WhenshegotthenoteabouttheSmithfamily，shesentawindchime(風(fēng)鈴)withthemessage“ListentothewindandknowthatIamnear”writtenonit.Itnowhangsinthefour－year－old’sbedroom,wherehisolderbrothercangotolistentoitwheneverhewants.ThisisnotthefirsttimethatDellahasdecidedtogivegiftsforherbirthday.Forher47th，in2016,shefoundedLoveinAction,anorganizationcommittedtodoingsomethinggoodnearherhomeandbeyond.Itsaimissimple：DoYourBest,ShowYourLove!Overtheyears,theorganizationhasreachedoutandtouchedwellover100strangers,somefoundviaDella’sblog,otherswithhelpfromhergrandkids.Theorganizationalsosharesinexpensiveandcreativegiftideasforotherstohelppeopleinneed.Dellapaysforeverythingherself：giftcards,pay－it－forwardpurchasesatdrive－throughs,andcarepackages,aswellasthegasittakestoplayfairygodmother.Herfamilyoftengiveshersomeextrabirthdaycashwithaseriouswarningagainstspendingitonanyoneelse,whichshenaturallyignores.“Igotacoupleofgiftcardsformybirthdaythisyearandwaslike‘YESSS’！”It’sDella’sparty,andshe’llgiveifshewantsto.1.WhatweretheunusualmessagesDellagotonher53rdbirthday?A.Helprequests. B.Giftideas.C.Donationoffers. D.Birthdaywishes.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutDellafromhergifttotheSmithfamily?A.Sheiscaringandbrave.B.Sheislovingandhelpful.C.Sheispatientandromantic.D.Sheiscreativeanddetermined.3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLoveinAction?A.Itinvolvespeopleinactsofkindness.B.Itholdsthebeliefthatkindnesspaysoff.C.ItoffersaidwithinDella’sneighborhood.D.Itmainlyaimstoeducatekidstohelpout.4.WhydoesDella’sfamilygiveherwarnings?A.Shethinkslittleofherfamily’scancer.B.Shetreatsstrangersbetterthanherfamily.C.Sheisfinanciallydependentonherfamily.D.Sheistooreadytogiveawayherbirthdaygifts.(2023·沈陽四校聯(lián)合質(zhì)檢)Thedemanding2025federalCorporateAverageFuelEconomy(CAFE)goalof54.5milespergallonacrossanautomaker’sfleet(車隊(duì))isoneofthedrivingfactorsbehindaseriesofadvancementsinmoreefficientenginetechnologies.Tomeettheincreasingfuelstandards,automakershavereliedonarangeofvehicletypes.Mostpeopletendtothinkofhybrids(混合動(dòng)力車)andelectricvehicleswhentalkturnstoenergyefficientcars.Ahybridvehicleusesbothelectricdriveandaninternalenginetopushthevehicle.Whenthedriverslows,thebatterypartiallyrechargesthroughregenerativebraking.Today,therearehybridversionsofmanymodernmid－sizecars.Themostrecentadvancementcomesintheformofplug－inhybridswithlarger(andmoreexpensive)batterypacksthatcanbechargedathomeortheoffice,allowingyoutodrivegreaterdistancesonelectricpower,whichsignificantlyimprovesoverallaveragefueleconomyonmosttrips.Electriccarsarealsoevolving,butstillconfronthurdleswhenitcomestobatterycostandasomewhatlimitedrangeincertainmodels.Promisingelectricsareonthehorizon,butit’sbesttoreservejudgmentuntilweseewhethertheydeliveratapricepointmoreconsumerscanafford.Hydrogen(氫)fuelcellvehiclesarealsoadvancing.Essentially,theseareelectriccarswiththeelectricitysuppliedbyhydrogenandoxygenpassingthroughafuelcellstack(燃料電池組).They’resuperclean,producingonlywatervaporandalittleheatatthetailpipe.Untilwehavemuchlargerhydrogen－fuelbasicfacilities,thesetypesofvehicleswillbelimitedtoregionaluseinmajormetroareas.Asyoucantell,alongwithenginetechnology,advancementshavebeenmadeinmanyotherareas.Withthetechnologicalcompetitionamongautomakers,energyefficientcarsareevolvingatanimpressivepace,andthat’sagoodthingfortheplanet.5.Whydoautomakersdevelopvarioustypesofvehicles?A.Topromotethecarproduction.B.Toboosttheautomobileindustry.C.Tosatisfythecustomers’demand.D.TomeetthefederalCAFE’sstandards.6.Whatisthelatestimprovementofthehybridcar?A.Itcanbeappliedtocarsinvarioussizes.B.Itisequippedwithplug－inbatterypacks.C.Itusesaninternalengineandelectricdrive.D.Itcanbepartiallychargedviaspeedingdrive.7.Whatpreventsthehydrogen－fuelcellvehiclesbeingwidelyused?A.Thehighcostofproduction.B.Itsdemandofsupercleanfuel.C.Thelackofsupportingfacilities.D.Itsneedofwatervaporandheat.8.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofenergyefficientcars?A.Supportive. B.Tolerant.C.Critical. D.Doubtful.A篇Para.1：indeepsorrow深深的悲痛Para.2：commit53randomactsofkindness隨機(jī)做53件善舉Para.4：inexpensiveadj.不貴的，便宜的B篇Para.1：demandingadj.費(fèi)時(shí)的；苛刻的；要求很高的meettheincreasingfuelstandards滿足不斷提高的燃料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Para.2：partiallyadv.部分地rechargev.再充電significantlyadv.有重大意義地；顯著地ahybridvehicle混合動(dòng)力汽車Para.3：onthehorizon將要發(fā)生Para.4：essentiallyadv.本質(zhì)上，根本上hydrogenfuel氫燃料A篇譯文：她的家人經(jīng)常給她一些額外的生日現(xiàn)金，并嚴(yán)重警告她不要把這些錢花在別人身上，但她自然忽略了這一點(diǎn)。二、寫作手法題和寫作意圖題【熱點(diǎn)考向一】寫作手法題——行文邏輯定手法【典例1】(2021·八省聯(lián)考卷閱讀C)Twobasicmagictricksaremakingobjectsseemtoappearandmakingobjectsseemtodisappear.Acombinationofthesetwotricksmakesforsomeinterestingeffects.Forexample,themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagician,employingquickhandmovementsoramechanicaldevice,hidesoneball.Whiledoingthishetalkstotheaudienceandwavesabrightlycolouredclothwithonehand.Theaudienceistoobusywatchingtheclothandlisteningtothemagician’swordstonoticethathisotherhandishidingtheball.Anotherfavouritetrickistocutorburnsomething,andthenmakeitappearwholeagain.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse.Thenhe“magically”makesitappearwholeagainbydisplaying(展示)anotherobjectthathasnotbeencutorburned.30.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Providingexamples. B.Makingasummary.C.Drawingcomparisons. D.Explainingaconcept.自主解答：________【圖解技巧】【實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用】一看題干——確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞(題干黑體字)二讀原文——根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位信息句(畫波浪線句)三定答案——通過第一段“Forexample...tochangecolour.”以及第二段“Whatactuallyhappens...watchessomethingelse.”可以推知，在這兩段中，作者舉了兩個(gè)例子?！娟P(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】每篇文章或每個(gè)段落都遵循一定的邏輯線索來展開說明或介紹。解答此類題時(shí)，考生要能夠把握文章的脈絡(luò)，理解段落層次之間的關(guān)系，弄清作者的寫作手法。【熱點(diǎn)考向二】寫作意圖題——立足行文推意圖【典例2】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷閱讀B)Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco－machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit！Withinweeks，ithadallbeendigested，andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears，Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse－likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco－machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou，acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself－repair.”26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.自主解答：________【圖解技巧】【實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用】一看題干——確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞(題干黑體字)二讀原文——根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位信息句(畫波浪線句)三定答案——畫波浪線的部分提到凈化福州的運(yùn)河水是為了舉例說明John的發(fā)明及其理念在實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用?！娟P(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】無論是文章的寫作意圖，還是某個(gè)段落或者細(xì)節(jié)的寫作目的，都必定與文章主題相關(guān)，為文章主題服務(wù)。讀首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主題句，抓住文章主旨；然后由主旨來推斷作者的寫作意圖；議論文、新聞報(bào)道、說明文等的主題句多在文首?！倦S堂演練】(2023·十堰統(tǒng)考一模)Thesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.Therearecarsthatrunonelectricityandalternativefuels,housesthatarepoweredbysolarenergyandwindfarmsseeminglypoppinguponeveryopenspacefromCaliforniatocoastalJapan.Evendrones(無人機(jī))aregettinginontheaction.Theunmannedairvehiclesarealsobeingputtoenvironmentalusesaroundtheglobe.Theeyeintheskythattheyprovidehelpsresearchersbetterunderstandwhat’sgoingonwiththenaturalworldinwhichwelive.Forenvironmentalistsandearthscientists,theflyingmachinescanbesentwayupintheairtorecordsweepingfootageofalargeareatotracktheimpactofthingslikeclimatechange,migrationandtheactsofcuttingdownandburningforesttrees,whichcanbedonewithouthavingtobuyahelicopter,rentaplaneortapeavideocameratoabird.Sure,there’splentyofsatellitefootagealreadyoutthere,butdronesletresearchersaccuratelypositionthedatasetthattheywanttogetaquicker,closerlookattheareathatthey’relookingtomonitor.In2013,forexample,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)sentadroneintotheTurrialbaVolcanoinCostaRicatogatherdataaboutitsemissions.Thetemperature,ashheightandgasconcentrationinformationcollectedduringthemissionhelpedearthscientistsdeterminewhichwaythevolcanicandpotentiallypoisonousgaseruptingfromthevolcanowasmovingandtakestepstolimititsenvironmentalimpact.Similarly,Arcticresearchersareusingdronestohelpstudytemperaturechangeandthemeltingofglaciers.Theyusedronesequippedwithinfrared(紅外線的)camerastosweepintoplacesthattheymayotherwisenotbeabletoreachtomonitorandcollectdataonthemeltingice.Thesameflyingmachinesmayalsoeventuallybeusedtotransportotherdatacollectiontoolsintothewild.1.Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetext?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bylistingdata.C.Bydrawingadistinction.D.Bymakingassumptions.2.Whatmainlymakesdronesusedtobetterwatchnature?A.Thehighsafety.B.Thehugespace.C.Therecoverycapabilityafterdamage.D.Theabilitytocollectdataatahighaltitude.3.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellusaboutdrones?A.Theirproductionsteps.B.Theirpracticalfunctions.C.Theirpotentialimpactsontheatmosphere.D.Theirdatasetformonitoringtheenvironment.4.Whichisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Drones：Poisonous B.Drones：Eco－friendlyC.Drones：Limited D.Drones：Adaptable(2023·長沙雅禮中學(xué)高三統(tǒng)考)AsearthquakesstruckaswathofTurkeyandSyriaonMondaymorning,JihanBayramranoutofherhouseinherpajamastoaparkinglotintheSyriancityofAleppo,whereacrowdgathered.Motherswarmedtheirbabiesinblanketsinthefreezingnightair.“Ithoughtweweregoingtodie，”saidMs.Bayram,33yearsold,ateacherwholivedinAleppothroughadecadeofcivilwar.“Aleppohassufferedsomuch，”shesaid.“It’slikewearebackinadeepcrisis.”Twopowerfulearthquakesandtheiraftershocksdevastatedasectionofbattle－scarrednorthernSyriathatwasalreadysufferingfromwar,amassexodusofitspeopleandagrinding(無休止的)economiccrisis.NorthernSyriahousedmillionsofpeopledisplacedbythecountry’slongcivilwar,includingnearlytwomillionpeoplelivinginmakeshiftcamps,morethanhalfofwhomarechildren.Thequakeskilledabout1，400peopleintheAlepporegionandseveralotherareasofSyria,saidtheSyrianCivilDefenseorganization,knownastheWhiteHelmets,andtheHealthMinistryaffiliatedwiththegovernment.Casualtyfigureswereexpectedtorise,asmanypeoplewerestillmissingandcommunicationslineshadbeendamagedintheearthquakesandmanyareaswereoutofreachforaidorganizationsandauthorities.ThedaysleadinguptotheearthquakesawheavyrainandsnowinnorthernSyria,whichmaderesidentsthereevenmorevulnerabletoanaturaldisaster,saidMadeviSun－Suon,spokeswomanfortheUnitedNationsOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairsinTurkey.“Thisspellsdisasterforanareathat’salreadysuffered，”shesaid.Warehouseshadbeendamagedandhospitalswereoverwhelmed,residentsinAlepposaid.Citizensweregatheringoutsideinparks,schoolplaygroundsandinyardsoutsidemosques(清真寺)andchurches,whichopenedtheirdoorstodisplacedfamilies.Evenbeforetheearthquakes,Syrianswerestrugglingundertheperhapsworsteconomiccrisissincethecivilwarbrokeoutmorethanadecadeago,markedbyacollapsingcurrency,soaringpricesandfuelshortages.Hospitalswererunninglowonsupplies.TheU.N.saidlastmonththat15millionofSyria’s22millionpeoplewereinneedofhumanitarianaid.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exodus”meaninparagraph3?A.Emigration. B.Innocence.C.Immigration. D.Commitment.6.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutSyria?A.Thelivingcostwasprettylow.B.Itwasprosperousbeforetheearthquakes.C.Theweatherwasfinebeforetheearthquakes.D.Mosquesandchurcheshelpeddisplacedfamilies.7.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Raisingaproblemforlatersolution.B.Aconclusionofthewholearticle.C.Anintroductiontothemaintopic.D.Thebackgroundinformationofthestory.8.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph5?A.Syriaisacursedplace.B.Syriansdon’tlikerainyandsnowydays.C.InternationalgroupsofferedhelptoSyria.D.TheearthquakehasdeepenedsufferingofSyrians.(2023·昆明“三診一?！辟|(zhì)檢)Adadsayshe’sbuiltaspecialbondwithhistwo－year－olddaughterafterrunningaseriesoflongdistanceraceswithherstrapped(用帶子系)tohisback.ChrisGreenbank,36,astonemason(石匠)fromStockport,GreaterManchester,evenmanagedtocompleteahalfmarathoncarryingtheyoungsterinaspecialhikingcarrier.Thesinglefather,whohassufferedfromanxietyinthepast,hasbeenraisingmoneytomentalhealthsupportgroupProject23.Thegroup,whichhelpspeoplewithanxietyandmentalhealthproblems,wassetupbyChris’sfriendMarkSproston.Chris’slatest,Runnorthwestsfestive10kinCheshire,washisfourthraceandhesays,possiblytheirlast,asthekidmaybetooheavyinspring.Besides,Chrishadbeenalittleworriediftheweatherwouldbetoochillyforhisdaughter.“Nomatterhowdifficultitis,IwanttogetusbothafestiveChristmasmedalbeforeitgetstoocold.”Headded,“Wehavefourmedalsnowandwehaverun51kmintotal.”InOctoberChristookjustunderthreehourstocompletetheManchesterHalfMarathonwithhisdaughteronhisback.Thedadsayshislittlegirlrestedherhandonhisshoulderandkeptitthereforthewholedurationoftherun.Hesaid,“Ourbondisn’tsomethingyoucanevenputintowords.Myheartisfull.”Chris,whosaysexerciseisanimportantpartofpositivementalhealth,believesthereshouldbenoreasonwhypeoplecan’texercisebecausetheyhavekids.ThepairalsorantheWilmslow10kinJulythisyearandChesterZoo10kinOctober.Chrissaysofhisdaughter,“Shelovesit,andtheyarelikeminiadventures.”9.WhatdoweknowaboutProject23?A.ItwasfoundedbyChrisGreenbank.B.Ithasorganized4marathonevents.C.Ithelpspeoplewithpsychologicalproblems.D.Itoffersmedicalcaretothedisabled.10.WhydidChrisruntheraceinCheshirewithhisdaughter?A.Toshowthepublichisrunningskills.B.TowinamedalfortheirChristmas.C.Toraisemoneyforhisseriousillness.D.Todevelophishabitofdoingsports.11.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeChris?A.Caringandloving.B.Frankanddemanding.C.Ambitiousandparticular.D.Generousandoutgoing.12.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthetext?A.Tointroducewaystorelieveanxiety.B.Toshowtrainingmethodsofrunning.C.Toinvolvereadersincharityactivities.D.Toshareastoryofafatherandadaughter.A篇Para.1：seeminglyadv.表面上看來unmannedadj.無人駕駛的versionn.變體，版本alternativefuels代用燃料Para.3：datan.數(shù)據(jù)B篇Para.2：inthefreezingnightair在寒冷的夜晚的空氣中Para.3：economiccrisis經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)Para.6：overwhelmv.征服，壓倒residentn.居民C篇Para.1：buildaspecialbond建立一種特殊的聯(lián)系Para.5：durationn.持續(xù)時(shí)間Para.7：adventuren.冒險(xiǎn)；奇遇A篇譯文：它們提供的天空之眼可以幫助研究人員更好地理解我們所生活的自然世界中發(fā)生了什么。三、文章出處/類別題和作者身份/讀者對(duì)象題【熱點(diǎn)考向一】文章出處/類別題——內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)巧判斷【典例1】(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷閱讀A)GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90－100，A;80－89，B;70－79，C;60－69，D;Below60，E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse：Essay1＝10%;Essay2＝15%;Essay3＝15%;Essay4＝20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard，ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper.C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.自主解答：________【典例2】(2022·全國乙卷閱讀B)InWickenden’sbook，sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism，whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair－raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads，whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies，ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(堅(jiān)忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting...27.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview.C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.自主解答：________【圖解技巧】【實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用】【典例1】根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature以及Essays(60%)下的thegradeforthiscourse和GroupAssignments(30%)下的Allthe...ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem可推知，本文是對(duì)一個(gè)文學(xué)入門課程評(píng)分規(guī)則的詳細(xì)介紹?！镜淅?】根據(jù)第一段中的“InWickenden’sbook,sheexpanded...feminism”和“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.”以及第二段的“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.”可推知，本文介紹了Wickenden的一本書?！娟P(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】文章出處或者類別題要求考生具備一定的常識(shí)，能夠根據(jù)文章的體裁和主題來推斷文章的出處或類別?？忌獙?duì)報(bào)刊、雜志、小說、廣告、說明書、旅游指南等有基本的了解，這樣才能根據(jù)文章特點(diǎn)對(duì)號(hào)入座，選出最佳選項(xiàng)?！緹狳c(diǎn)考向二】作者身份/讀者對(duì)象題——主題措辭找對(duì)象【典例3】(2021·全國乙卷閱讀D)Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干擾)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.”Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.35.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.He’sanewsreporter.B.He’sanofficemanager.C.He’saprofessionaldesigner.D.He’sapublishedwriter.自主解答：________【圖解技巧】【實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用】通過關(guān)鍵信息：“Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.”可以推測出作者的身份?！娟P(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】推斷作者身份或讀者對(duì)象其實(shí)就是解決“誰寫的”和“寫給誰”的問題?？忌梢酝ㄟ^文中出現(xiàn)的人稱、作品以及外在評(píng)價(jià)判斷作者身份；確定讀者對(duì)象要從文章主題和文章措辭來判斷。【隨堂演練】(2023·遼寧名校聯(lián)盟質(zhì)檢)Manypeopletrytomakesocietychangeforthebetter.Therealchallengeishowtogetgoodsolutionstoscaleup(按比例放大)formajorchange.Newresearchsuggeststhatsocialchangemaydependontherelationshipbetweenbeneficialbehaviorsandpolicies.Theresearch,conductedbytheUniversityofMaine,UniversityofVermontandUniversitéLavalinQuebec,Canada,attemptedtounderstandhowsocietycanaccomplishmajor,transformativesocialchange,particularlythekindofsocialchangenecessarytosolvethegrowingproblemofclimatechange.Theresearchersstudiedabehaviorthatbenefitsgroups,butdoesnotspreadwithoutpolicysupport,suchasacostlymeasuretorelievetheeffectsofclimatechange.Theycreatedamathematicalmodel,whichsimulates(模擬)asocietywhereagentsliveingroupsandadoptthebeneficialbehaviorofpeers.Thatbehavior,giventherightconditions,canspreadlikeavirus,butnotiftheinstitutionalcostsaretoohigh.“Large－scalesocialchangeisnotjustpolicyorbehavior,buttheemergenceofanewself－reinforcing(自我強(qiáng)化)systemthatcombinesboth.Thisallowsustoasknewquestions,suchas‘howwouldanewpatternofbehaviorandpolicyspread？’”saysLaurentHébert－Dufresne,leadauthoronthestudy.Theresultsshowedthatbothbehavioralchangeandpolicychangearerequiredtoachievelarge－scalesocialchange—andthattheyneedtohappentogether.Thoughneithercangetthejobdoneonitsown,policychangeisespeciallycritical.Theyfoundthatsometimesthebeneficialbehaviorcanspreadtoofar.Insomecases,thespreadofbehaviorbeyondgroupswithsupportingpolicycanreduceitsperceivedsuccessandslowthespreadofthepolicy,therebylimitingbeneficialsocialchangeoverall.Infutureresearch,theteamaimstoapplythesetypesofmodelstoallsortsofbeneficialsocialchange,particularlythechallengeoftacklingclimatechange.1.Whatfactormaydeterminesocialchangeaccordingtotheresearch?A.Beneficialbehavior.B.Goodpolicies.C.Publicawareness.D.Rulesandbeneficialaction.2.Whatisthepurposeoftheresearch?A.Tounderstandwhatsocialchangeis.B.Tofigureoutthewaysocietychanges.C.Toaccomplishtransformativesocialchanges.D.Totacklethegrowingproblemofclimatechange.3.Whatwilltheresearchersdonext?A.Puttheoryintopractice.B.Writeessaysabouttheirstudy.C.Takechallengesofclimatechange.D.Dosurveysontheirresearchsubject.4.Inwhichsectionmaythetextappearinanewspaper?A.Travel. B.Amusement.C.Society. D.Economy.(2023·武漢市第一中學(xué)高三模擬)I’vealwaysdislikedthetermhomework.Surelyhomeiswherewerest,refresh,recreate—inthetruestsense,it’swherewedon’twork.Whatsortofmessagehavewesentouryoungpeoplealltheseyearsbyrequiringthemtoworknotonlyatschoolbutathome?Nowondertheydon’tpreferhomework.Atmyschool,wehavekepttheoldernameforhomework：prep(ortousethefullnameandhighlightitstruepurpose：preparation).Prepisdesignedtohelpchildrenprepareforthenextlesson.Anumberofshorttaskscanbepartofprepthesedays：aYouTubeclip,ashortfilmmadebyateacher,amaporpicturetolookat.Somethingvisualoftensuitsthechildwho,bytheendofabusyschoolday,ismentallytired.Prepcanstillconsistofconsolidationexercisesbutbasedonpastexperience,apracticalmethodshouldbethatthesearenotasmanyastobedemandingandshouldbeadjustedtosuitthechild’sneeds.SomewrittenworkmayberequestedbutIwouldhopethatitwouldbeashortpieceorevenasampleparagraph.“Writeanessay...”comeswithstringsattachedandusuallytakesratherlongerthanthepreptimeneeded.Ensurethatachild’sworkspaceathomeistidy,quietanduninterruptedbydevicesthatarenotbeingusedforstudy.OntabletsorPCsinuseforhomework,turnoffthenotificationsorremoveanyappsyoufeelareadistraction.Keepaneyeon,butnotaphysicalpresencein,theworkspaceuntilyouknowyourchildistrulyself－sufficientintermsoffocusandpaceofwork.Finally,IadviseparentstocoachchildrenintheNikeapproach：“Justdoit.”Intruththisisgenerallymorefavouredbyboysthangirls,wholovewastingtimearrangingthemanycolouredpensandcrispstationery.Helpyourdaughterreleaseherinnerboy,grabapen,gettheworkdone,crossouterrorswithonestraightlinesothattheteachercanseethethoughtprocess,finish,packthebagfortomorrow,andgoouttoplay!5.What’sthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainwhathomeis.B.Toexplainwhathomeworkis.C.Toexplainwhychildrendon’tlikehomework.D.Toexplainwhytheauthordoesn’tlikethetermhom