《水處理技術(shù)（雙語(yǔ)）》課件-閘閥、球閥

Gatevalve,ballvalve閘閥、球閥閘閥相關(guān)知識(shí)Gatevalverelatedknowledge閘閥工作特征Gatevalveoperatingcharacteristics閘閥是指關(guān)閉件(閘板)在閥桿的帶動(dòng)下，沿通路中心線的垂直方向上下移動(dòng)而達(dá)到啟閉目的的閥門。閘閥作為截止介質(zhì)使用，在全開時(shí)整個(gè)管路系統(tǒng)直通，此時(shí)介質(zhì)運(yùn)行的壓力損失最小。Gatevalveistheclosingmember(gate)drivenbythestem,theverticaldirectionalongthecenterlineofthepathwayupanddowntoachievethepurposeofopeningandclosingthevalve.Thegatevalveisusedasashut-offmedium,andthewholepipelinesystemisstraightwhenfullyopen,whenthepressurelossofthemediumoperationisminimal.闡閥通常適用于閘板全開或全閉且不需要經(jīng)常啟閉的工況。閘閥在管路中不適用于作為調(diào)節(jié)或節(jié)流使用，對(duì)于高速流動(dòng)的介質(zhì)，閘板在局部開啟狀況下可能引起閘門的振動(dòng)，振動(dòng)可能損傷閘板和閥座的密封面，而節(jié)流會(huì)使閘板受到介質(zhì)的沖蝕。Elaborationvalveisusuallyappliedtothegatefullyopenorfullyclosedanddoesnotrequirefrequentopeningandclosingoftheworkingconditions.Gatevalveinthepipelineisnotsuitableforuseasregulationorthrottling,forhigh-speedflowofmedia,thegateinthepartialopeningconditionmaycausevibrationofthegate,vibrationmaydamagethegateandseatsealingsurface,andthrottlingwillmakethegatebythemediaerosion.如果一個(gè)閥體內(nèi)的通道直徑不一樣(往往都是閥座處的通徑小于法蘭連接處的通徑)，則稱為通徑收縮。Ifavalvebodychanneldiameterisnotthesame(oftenthevalveseatatthepassagediameterissmallerthantheflangeconnectionatthepassagediameter),itiscalledthepassagediametercontraction.

通徑收縮能使零件尺寸縮小，開、閉所需力相應(yīng)減小，同時(shí)可擴(kuò)大零部件的應(yīng)用范圍，但通徑收縮后，流體阻力損失增大。Shrinkageofthepassagecanmakepartssizereduction,openandclosetheforcerequiredtoreducethecorresponding,whileexpandingtheapplicationrangeofparts,butthepassageshrinkage,fluidresistancelossincreases.閘閥相關(guān)知識(shí)Gatevalverelatedknowledge閘閥工作特征Gatevalveoperatingcharacteristics閘閥相關(guān)知識(shí)Gatevalverelatedknowledge閘閥主要結(jié)構(gòu)Gatevalvemainstructure閘閥主要由閥體、閥蓋或支架、閥桿、閥桿螺母、閘板、閥座、填料函、密封填料、填料壓蓋及傳動(dòng)裝置組成。

Gatevalvemainlyconsistsofvalvebody,valvecoverorbracket,valvestem,valvestemnut,gate,valveseat,stuffingbox,sealpacking,packingglandandtransmissiondevice.閘閥相關(guān)知識(shí)Gatevalverelatedknowledge分類Classification（1）按閘板的結(jié)構(gòu)不同可分為：平行式閘板和楔式閘板兩種。

Accordingtothedifferentstructureofthegateplatecanbedividedinto:paralleltypegateplateandwedgetypegateplatetwo.閘閥分類Gatevalveclassification閘閥相關(guān)知識(shí)Gatevalverelatedknowledge（2）按閥桿的構(gòu)造不同可分為：明桿閘閥和暗桿閘閥兩種。Accordingtothedifferentconstructionofthestemcanbedividedinto:openstemgatevalveandconcealedstemgatevalvetwokinds.圖為

明桿閘閥theopenstemgatevalve圖為

暗桿閘閥Darkstemgatevalve閘閥相關(guān)知識(shí)Gatevalverelatedknowledge閘閥特點(diǎn)GateValveFeatures（1）優(yōu)點(diǎn)：流體阻力小、啟閉力矩小、啟閉較省力、介質(zhì)流動(dòng)方向不受限制、不擾流、不降低壓力、結(jié)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)度較短、密封性能好、體形比較簡(jiǎn)單、鑄造工藝性較好、適用范圍廣。

advantages:smallfluidresistance,smallopeningandclosingtorque,openingandclosingmoreeffort,mediaflowdirectionisnotrestricted,nodisturbance,nopressurereduction,shortstructurelength,goodsealingperformance,relativelysimplebodyshape,castingtechnologyisbetter,widerangeofapplications.（2）缺點(diǎn)：密封面容易損傷、啟閉時(shí)間一般較長(zhǎng)、外形尺寸高、安裝需要空間較大、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。Disadvantages:thesealingsurfaceiseasilydamaged,openingandclosingtimeisgenerallylong,highexternaldimensions,installationrequiresmorespace,complexstructure.閘閥相關(guān)知識(shí)Gatevalverelatedknowledge閘閥的安裝與維護(hù)中注意事項(xiàng):Considerationsintheinstallationandmaintenanceofgatevalves:(1）手輪、手柄及傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)不允許作起吊用，并嚴(yán)禁碰撞；Handwheels,handlesanddrivemechanismsarenotallowedtobeusedforlifting,andcollisionsarestrictlyprohibited.(2）雙閘板閘閥應(yīng)垂直安裝，即閥桿處于垂直位置，手輪在頂部；Doublegategatevalvesshouldbeinstalledvertically,i.e.withthesteminaverticalpositionandthehandwheelatthetop.(3）帶有旁通閥的閘閥，在開啟前應(yīng)先打開旁通閥；Gatevalveswithabypassvalve,whichshouldbeopenedbeforeopeningthebypassvalve.(4）帶傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的閘閥，按產(chǎn)品使用說(shuō)明書規(guī)定安裝；Gatevalveswithdrivemechanism,installedaccordingtotheproductinstructionmanual.(5）如果閥門經(jīng)常開關(guān)使用，潤(rùn)滑次數(shù)為每月至少一次。Ifthevalveisfrequentlyopenedandclosedforuse,thelubricationfrequencyisatleastonceamonth.球閥的相關(guān)知識(shí)Knowledgeaboutballvalves球閥工作原理Ballvalveworkingprinciple球閥由旋塞閥演變而來(lái)，靠旋轉(zhuǎn)閥來(lái)使閥門暢通或閉塞。當(dāng)球旋轉(zhuǎn)90°時(shí)，在進(jìn)、出口處應(yīng)全部呈現(xiàn)球面，從而截?cái)嗔鲃?dòng)。Theballvalveevolvedfromtheplugvalve,relyingontherotationofthevalvetomakethevalveopenorclosed.Whentheballisrotated90°,allthesphericalsurfacesshouldbepresentattheinletandoutlet,thuscuttingofftheflow.球閥只需要用旋轉(zhuǎn)90°的操作和很小的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)力矩就能關(guān)閉嚴(yán)密。完全平等的閥體內(nèi)腔為介質(zhì)提供了阻力很小、真通的流道。Theballvalveclosestightlywithonly90°ofrotationandverylittleturningtorque.Thecompletelyequalvalvebodycavityprovidesalowresistance,trueflowpathforthemedia.通常認(rèn)為球閥最適宜直接做開閉使用;近來(lái)的發(fā)展已將球閥設(shè)計(jì)成使它具有節(jié)流和控制流量的用途。Ballvalvesaregenerallyconsideredtobemostsuitablefordirectopeningandclosinguse;recentdevelopmentshavedesignedtheballvalvesothatithasthrottlingandflowcontrolpurposes.球閥的相關(guān)知識(shí)Knowledgeaboutballvalves球閥分類：Ballvalveclassification.（1）按功能可分為：二通球、三通球、四通球、彎通球、浮動(dòng)球、固定球、V型球、偏心半球體、帶柄球體、軟密封球體、硬密封球體、實(shí)心球、空心球等。

Accordingtothefunction,itcanbedividedinto:two-wayball,three-wayball,four-wayball,curvedball,floatingball,fixedball,V-shapedball,eccentrichemispherebody,ballwithhandle,softsealingball,hardsealingball,solidball,hollowball,etc.FloatingteespheresFixedteespheresStraightfixedspheresFixedsphereswithshankHalfflapfixedsphereFloatingspheresHexagonalfixedspheresV-ball球閥的相關(guān)知識(shí)Knowledgeaboutballvalves（2）按結(jié)構(gòu)形式分為：

Classifiedbystructuralform.FloatingBallValvesFixedBallValvesResilientballval