Unit1ScienceandScientists單元練習課件高中英語人教版選擇性

單元練習Unit1ScienceandScientists基礎(chǔ)達標練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.Ifoundmysuitcasewhichwasnewlybought

outofshape,andits________(把手)wasbroken!2.Thecountryisfacing_______(嚴重的)economicproblemsduetothenaturaldisasters.3.I’msurethatmydreamofhavingsuchacarwith_________(多樣的)functionswillberealizedsoon.4.Itisunexpectedthatthepolicesearchedthe________(嫌疑人)butfoundnobombsonhim.出乎意料的是handleseveremultiplesuspect5.Itissaidthatpricesofvegetableshave__________(減少)by4%recently.6.Sometimesitmaybehelpfultouseexamplestoexplain_________(抽象的)concepts.7.Ifachangecanprotectusfromthepossiblevirus_________(傳染),whynotsupportit?8.Ofthe____________(杰出的)ladieslisted,whodoyouthinkisthemostimportantone?9.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse’s______(錯誤).10.Mary’sdescriptionofthepartywasso

______(生動的)thatIfeltasifIhadbeenthere.decreasedabstractinfectionoutstandingfaultvividⅡ.單句語法填空1.Toomanyfactorscontributetothisserioussituation,amongwhich

heavyhomeworkismainly_________(blame).

2.Withoutyourtimely__________(assist),Iwouldbeintroublenow.3.Nomatterhow

_______(gift)youare,youalonecannotchangetheworld.4.TheTowerofLondonwasusedasapalace______theKingJamesⅠ.倫敦塔一直被用作宮殿，直到國王詹姆士一世。5.Forecasterssaythestormmaynotbeasbadasthey_________(initial)

predicted.toblameassistancegifteduntil

initially6.Howincredibleitistohavehutongs_____________(transform)intohigh-risebuildings!7.Weallsubscribe____theviewthathelpingotherswillbenefitourselvesaswell.8.Theyfelt___________(frustrate)atthelackofprogressdespitetheirlong-termefforts.transformed

to

frustrated

Ⅲ.選詞填空so...that...,breakout,inchargeof,thanksto,comedownwith,defendagainst,onceandforall1.Afterthewar

__________,thetwocountriesbrokeofftheirdiplomaticrelations.

2.Ithinkweshouldgetthemalloutofthewaytoday_______________.

3.Theytriedto______________theenemywithalltheirmight.

4.__________

yourhelp,weaccomplishedthetaskaheadofschedule.

5.Shetakescareofaclassandisalso____________

theadministrativework.

6.Theprogrammeis___

wonderful_____itishighlythoughtofbymanyviewers.7.Hemusthave_______________

acold,forhehasgotasorethroat.

brokeoutonceandforalldefendagainst

Thankstoinchargeofsothat

comedownwithⅣ.用正確的連接詞填空1.Themostimportantthingis_____youkeep

ahealthystateofmindasitwillhelpwithyourstudy.2.IlikebuyingbooksandCDsabouthimandthatis______Ispendmostofmypocketmoneyonthem.3.Thetruthis

_____everyonewillhaveoneofthoseperiodswhenthingsseemtobegoingwrong.4.ThereasonwhyIcouldn’ttakepartinthepromwas

_____Isuddenlyfellill.5.That’s

_______Idon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.that

why

that

that

where

6.Themostexcitingmoment

was

_______Iwasgiventhefirstprize.7.Evidently,theonlypossibilityis_____wehavenotunderstoodit.8.Obeyingthetrafficrulesis______allofusshouldpayattentiontoparticularly.9.MyfriendhadachancetomakeatriptoHongKong.Thefollowing

was______hehadseen.10.Somepeoplebelievethatmakingcontributionstothesociety

is_______theirhappinesslies.when

that

what

what

where

能力提升練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A[2024·十堰高二期末]

1.InMarch,2023,agroupofcomputerscientistspublishedanassessmentofanewchatbotwithartificialintelligence(AI).Theteam’sreportdrewglobalattentiontoonetestinparticular:Wehaveabook,nineeggs,alaptop,abottleandanail釘子,andpleasetellmehowtopile堆themontoeachotherinastable穩(wěn)定的manner.

Thisisatoughpuzzle.Earlierversionsofthechatbotgavesillyandunreasonableanswers.Butthenewchatbot’suniqueanswerhelpedsetoffthecurrentglobalwaveofAIadvocacyandanxiety.Itfueleddebateabouthowlargelanguagemodels(LLMs)wereabletoperformcreativetasks.但新聊天機器人的獨特答案幫助掀起了當前全球人工智能倡導和焦慮的浪潮。它引發(fā)了關(guān)于大型語言模型(LLM)能夠執(zhí)行創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)的辯論。1.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewchatbot’sanswertothepuzzleinParagraph1?A.Itwassilly.B.Itsetpeoplethinking.C.Itdrewlittleattention.D.Ithighlightedlanguageinnovation.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“But...reativetasks.”可知,新聊天機器人對謎題的答案引起人們思考。

2.By2022,LLMswerebeingtrainedonasmanyas17trillionwordsofhuman-generatedtext,mainlyfromtheInternet.Itwascertainthatthenewchatbotwasexposedtofunctionalfixedness(功能固著)problemsinitstraining.Theresearcherswereofcourseawareof

thatandinventedthe“eggsandlaptop”puzzletopreventthenewchatbotfromdishonestlycopyingananswerfromtheInternet.LLMsusedlanguagestatisticsonly.Noonehadsaidhowtopilethesenineeggsontopofeachothereverbefore.TheextremerarityofthosewordswouldtendtopreventLLMsfromtalkingaboutpilingeggsinunrealisticways.Oneoftheresearchersthattestedthenewchatbotthinksit’slikelythatanLLMtrainedontrillionsofwordscreatesaworldmodel,andthisiswhatgivesitthe“magical”extrapolation(外推)properties.2.Whydidtheresearchersinventthe“eggsandlaptop”puzzle?A.Tocopyonlineanswers.B.Tostopthechatbotcheating.C.Totrainhumanstouselanguage.D.Toexposethechatbottofunctionalproblems.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theresearcherswereofcours....Internet.”可知,研究人員發(fā)明“雞蛋和筆記本電腦”的謎題是為了阻止聊天機器人作弊。研究人員當然意識到了這一點，并發(fā)明了“雞蛋和筆記本電腦”謎題，以防止新的聊天機器人不誠實地從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上復制答案。

3.AreLLMstrulyoriginal

原創(chuàng)的oraretheyjustplagiarists(剽竊者)?Thetwostatementsmaynotbeasdifferentastheyseem.There’snothingentirelynewunderthesun.Edisondidnotinventthelightbulbbutimprovedit.Mostso-calledcreatorsapplyknowledgefromdifferentfieldstoaproblemandarriveatasolution.It’smoreamatterofmakingrelevantconnectionsthanofinventingsomethingcompletelynew.IfLLMsareindeedacquiringtheabilitytomakerelevantconnections,thatwouldbeahistoricbutdiscomfortingdevelopment.LLM是真正的原創(chuàng)還是只是抄襲？這兩種說法可能并不像看起來那樣不同。太陽底下沒有全新的事物。愛迪生沒有發(fā)明燈泡，而是改進了它。大多數(shù)所謂的創(chuàng)造者將不同領(lǐng)域的知識應(yīng)用于一個問題并得出解決方案。與其說是發(fā)明全新的東西，不如說是建立相關(guān)的聯(lián)系。如果LLM真的獲得了建立相關(guān)聯(lián)系的能力，那將是一個歷史性但令人不安的發(fā)展。3.Whatdoestheauthorconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Howaninventioncameintobeing.B.HowEdisonbecamesuccessfulinhistory.C.WhyEdisoninventedsomethingentirelynew.D.Whyaninventionrequiredeffortandopportunity.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“There’snothingentirelynewunderthesun...thatwouldbeahistoricbutdiscomfortingdevelopment.”可知,作者在最后一段想表達一項發(fā)明是如何產(chǎn)生的。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WillRobotsReplaceHumans?B.CanRobotsDevelopSmoothly?C.CanAIComeUpWithAnythingOriginal?D.WillAISolveMagicalAndDifficultProblems?【解析】選C。最佳標題題。根據(jù)最后一段“AreLLMstrulyoriginaloraretheyjustplagiarists?Thetwostatementsmaynotbeasdifferentastheyseem.”并結(jié)合文章可知,主要說明了一群計算機科學家通過一個“雞蛋和筆記本”的問題,來測試新聊天機器人是否可以進行創(chuàng)作?？芍?C項“人工智能能創(chuàng)造出原創(chuàng)的東西嗎?”最符合文章標題。B[2024·武漢部分重點中學高二期末]

2.MarieCurieisrememberedtodayforherpioneeringworkonradioactivity,whichnotonlyearnedhertwoNobelPrizesbutalsotherecognitionasthe“motherofmodernphysics”.Butwhileherresearchintotheradioactiveelementspoloniumandradiummayhavesecuredheralastingscientificlegacy,thosesamesubstanceshavealsohadalastingeffectonherbody.瑪麗·居里今天因為她在放射性方面的開創(chuàng)性工作而被人們懷念，這不僅使她獲得了兩次諾貝爾獎，而且被公認為“現(xiàn)代物理學之母”。但是，雖然她對放射性元素釙和鐳的研究可能為她留下了永久的科學遺產(chǎn)，但這些物質(zhì)也對她的身體產(chǎn)生了持久的影響。5.WecaninferfromthetextthatMarieCurie_______.

A.investedamountsofmoneyinherresearchB.wasawardedtheNobelPrizeforradiumprecautionC.iscreditedwiththedevelopmentofcancertreatmentD.abandonedherresearchafterherhusband’ssuddendeath

2.Then,in1911,aftermuchpersonaltragedy(PierreCuriehaddiedsuddenlyin1906),CuriewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforChemistryforisolatingpureradium.Shewouldgoontodevoteherresearchtothestudyofthechemistryofradioactivesubstancesaswellastheirapplicationsinmedicine.Infact,ifitwerenotforCurie’swork,ourtreatmentsforcancerwouldlikelynotbeanywherenearasdevelopedastheyaretoday.Butdespiteadvocatingprecautions(預防),Curie’sconsistentandprolongedexposuretothesesubstancescameatacost.事實上，如果沒有居里夫人的工作，我們對癌癥的治療可能不會像今天這樣發(fā)達。但是盡管提倡預防措施(預防)，居里持續(xù)長時間接觸這些物質(zhì)是有代價的。5.WecaninferfromthetextthatMarieCurie_______.

A.investedamountsofmoneyinherresearchB.wasawardedtheNobelPrizeforradiumprecautionC.iscreditedwiththedevelopmentofcancertreatmentD.abandonedherresearchafterherhusband’ssuddendeath【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Infact.....aretoday.”可推測出,居里的工作對如今癌癥治療的發(fā)展是功不可沒的。

3.MarieCuriediedonJuly4,1934,fromaplasticanemia(再生障礙性貧血)causedbyherworkwithradiation.Despiteitsname,aplasticanemiaismorethanjustanemia;itisararebloodconditionthatappearswhenbonemarrowcannotmakeenoughnewbloodcellsforyourbodytofunctionproperly.WhenCuriedied,herbodywassoradioactivethatshehadtobelaidtorestinalead-lined(鉛封的)coffin.However,nooneknewthisuntil1995whenhercoffinwasunearthed.瑪麗·居里于1934年7月4日死于輻射工作引起的再生障礙性貧血。盡管它的名字，再生障礙性貧血不僅僅是貧血；這是一種罕見的血液疾病，當骨髓不能產(chǎn)生足夠的新血細胞來維持身體正常功能時就會出現(xiàn)。居里夫人去世時，她的身體放射性很強，所以她不得不被安葬在襯鉛的棺材里。然而，直到1995年她的棺木出土，才有人知道這件事。6.Whatcanweknowabouttheexhumation[?ekshju:'me??n]officials?掘尸官員A.Theyoverestimatedtheactualradiationlevel.B.Theywerenotlicensedfortheexhumationwork.C.Theyhadnoregardforthesafetyoftheirworkers.D.Theywerepreviouslyinformedofthelead-linedcoffin.

4.Atthetime,theFrenchauthoritieswantedtomovetheCuriestothenationalcemetery,thePantheon,inhonoroftheircontributionstoscienceandforbeinggreatfiguresinFrenchhistory.Theofficialsresponsiblefortheexhumation(掘尸)contactedtheFrenchradiationprotectionagency

withconcernsaboutremainingradiationandaskedforassistancetoprotectworkersinthecemetery.當時，法國當局想把居里夫婦移到國家公墓，萬神殿，以紀念他們對科學的貢獻和法國歷史上的偉大人物。負責掘尸的官員出于對殘留輻射的擔憂，聯(lián)系了法國輻射防護局，請求協(xié)助保護墓地中的工作人員。6.Whatcanweknowabouttheexhumation[?ekshju:'me??n]officials?掘尸官員A.They

overestimatedtheactualradiationlevel.B.Theywerenotlicensedfortheexhumationwork.被許可C.Theyhadnoregardforthesafetyoftheirworkers.不考慮D.Theywerepreviouslyinformedofthelead-linedcoffin.被告知

5.Whentheexhumersapproachedthegrave,theydetectednormallevelsofradiationontheair,whichthenroseasthegravewasopened(thoughnotbylargeamounts).Atfirst,MarieCurie’scoffinappearedtobemadeofwood,butwhenopened,theyfounditwaslinedwith2.5millimeters(0.09inches)oflead.LaterexaminationofCurie’sbodyrevealedthatshehadremainedremarkablywellpreservedandonlysmalllevelsofalphaandbetacontaminationweredetected.This,accordingtoThe

Journal

of

British

Society

for

the

History

of

Radiology,waslikelybecauseCuriehadtakenstepstolimitexposuretoradiationinlaterlife.當挖掘者接近墳墓時，他們檢測到空氣中的輻射水平正常，隨后隨著墳墓被打開，輻射水平上升(盡管幅度不大)。起初，瑪麗·居里的棺材看起來是木頭做的，但當打開時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)里面襯有2.5毫米(0.09英寸)的鉛。后來對居里夫人遺體的檢查顯示，她的遺體保存得非常好，只檢測到少量的阿爾法和貝塔污染。根據(jù)《英國放射史學會雜志》的說法，這可能是因為居里夫人已經(jīng)采取措施限制晚年暴露在輻射下。6.Whatcanweknowabouttheexhumation[?ekshju:'me??n]officials?掘尸官員A.They

overestimatedtheactualradiationlevel.B.Theywerenotlicensedfortheexhumationwork.被許可C.Theyhadnoregardforthesafetyoftheirworkers.不考慮D.Theywerepreviouslyinformedofthelead-linedcoffin.被告知【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Theofficialsresponsiblefortheexhumation...toprotectworkersinthecemetery.”和最后一段“Whentheexhumersapproachedthegrave...asthegravewasopened(thoughnotbylargeamounts).”可知,負責挖掘的官員擔心棺材中的輻射高,所以請求法國輻射保護機構(gòu)協(xié)助,但挖掘者發(fā)現(xiàn)墳墓周圍的輻射水平正常,打開墳墓后輻射水平有所上升,但也不是很高。由此可推測出,他們高估了實際的輻射水平。7.WhyonlysmalllevelsofradiationweredetectedfromCurie’sbody?A.Herbodyremainedremarkablywellpreserved.B.Curiewaslessexposedtoradiationinlaterlife.C.Theexhumerslackedadequateassistancetechnically.D.Thelead-linedcoffinprotectsherbodyfromradiation.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“This,accordingtoThe

Journal

of

British

Society

for

the

History

of

Radiology,waslikelybecauseCuriehadtakenstepstolimitexposuretoradiationinlaterlife.”可知,居里晚年時采取措施限制接觸輻射,所以尸體輻射水平低。

5.Whenthe...LaterexaminationofCurie’sbody

revealedthatshehadremainedremarkablywellpreservedandonlysmalllevelsofalphaandbetacontaminationweredetected.This,accordingto

The

Journal

of

British

Society

for

the

History

of

Radiology,waslikelybecauseCuriehadtakenstepstolimitexposuretoradiationinlaterlife.當挖掘者接近墳墓時，他們檢測到空氣中的輻射水平正常，隨后隨著墳墓被打開，輻射水平上升(盡管幅度不大)。起初，瑪麗·居里的棺材看起來是木頭做的，但當打開時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)里面襯有2.5毫米(0.09英寸)的鉛。后來對居里夫人遺體的檢查顯示，她的遺體保存得非常好，只檢測到少量的阿爾法和貝塔污染。根據(jù)《英國放射史學會雜志》的說法，這可能是因為居里夫人已經(jīng)采取措施限制晚年暴露在輻射下。8.WhichwordscanbestdescribeMarieCuriebasedonthetext?A.Remarkablebutcareless.

B.Successfulbutaggressive.C.Ambitiousandconsiderate.

D.Committedandpersistent.A.卓越但粗心大意。b.成功但有進取心。C.野心勃勃，體貼入微。d.堅定和堅持不懈?！窘馕觥窟xD。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Then,in1911,aftermuchpersonaltragedy...aswellastheirapplicationsinmedicine.”和“Butdespiteadvocatingprecautions,Curie’sconsistentandprolongedexposuretothesesubstancescameatacost.”可知,瑪麗·居里經(jīng)歷了丈夫的去世后獲得諾貝爾獎,但她沒有停滯不前,而是繼續(xù)致力于研究,由于長期持續(xù)接觸輻射,她的身體受到了影響。由此可推測出,瑪麗·居里是一位非常堅定執(zhí)著的科學家?！疚恼麓笠狻勘疚氖且黄洈⑽摹，旣悺ぞ永锓蛉嗽诜派湫苑矫娴难芯苛粝铝藢氋F的科學遺產(chǎn),但放射性元素也對她的身體造成了持久影響。她去世后,因為身體具有輻射,所以不得不被放入鉛封的棺材里,但直到她的棺木出土時人們才知道這一真相。挖掘者發(fā)現(xiàn)她的尸身保存完好,只檢測到少量的α和β污染,這可能因為她在晚年采取了措施限制接觸輻射。A.ButhowdidartdifferfromscienceforEinstein?但對愛因斯坦來說,藝術(shù)和科學有何不同?B.Instead,itcamefromintuitionandinspiration.相反,它來自直覺和靈感C.Mynewdiscoveryistheresultofmusicalinsight.我的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是音樂洞察力

的結(jié)果D.Thereisnodoubtthatmytheorywasagreatbreakthroughthen.毫無疑問，我的理論在當時是一個巨大的突破E.Einsteinhimselfworkedintuitivelyandexpressedhimselflogically.愛因斯坦本人憑直覺工作,用邏輯表達自己F.Einsteinalsoowedhisscientificinsightandintuitionmainlytomusic.

愛因斯坦將他的科學洞察力和直覺主要歸功于音樂G.ForEinstein,itwasthehumanitiesthatmainlycontributedtohisachievements.對愛因斯坦來說，主要是人文學科促成了他的成就。Ⅱ.七選五[2024·通州高二期末]Einstein’s

Opinions

on

Creative

Thinking

“Thegreatestscientistsareartistsaswell,”saidAlbertEinstein,oneofthegreatestphysicistsandanamateur業(yè)余的pianistandviolinist.

ForEinstein,insight洞察力

didnotcomefromlogicormathematics.__1__Ashetoldonefriend,“Allgreatachievementsofsciencemuststartfromintuitive(直覺的)knowledge.Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”

1.【解析】選B。B.Instead,itcamefromintuitionandinspiration.根據(jù)上文“ForEinstein,insightdidnotcomefromlogicormathematics.”并結(jié)合后文“Allgreatachievementsofsciencemuststartfromintuitiveknowledge.Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”可知,空處順接前文,說明愛因斯坦認為洞察力應(yīng)來自于直覺。B項“相反,它來自直覺和靈感?！狈险Z境。

__2__Surprisingly,itwasn’tthecontentofanidea,oritssubject,thatdeterminedwhethersomethingwasartorscience,buthowtheideawasexpressed.Ifwhatisseenandexperiencedisdescribedinthelanguageoflogic,thenitisscience.Ifitiscommunicatedandrecognizedintuitively,thenitisart.__3__That’swhyhesaidthatgreatscientistswerealsoartists.

2.【解析】選A。A.ButhowdidartdifferfromscienceforEinstein?下文“Surprisingly,...wasexpressed.”說明決定某件事是藝術(shù)還是科學是根據(jù)想法是如何表達的?？仗幰隽讼挛年P(guān)于藝術(shù)和科學的區(qū)別的論述。A項中“artdifferfromscience”和下文的“whethersomethingwasartorscience”相呼應(yīng),而A項的這個問題“但對愛因斯坦來說,藝術(shù)和科學有何不同?”正好引出本段的主題。3.【解析】選E。Einsteinhimselfworkedintuitivelyandexpressedhimselflogically.上文“Ifwhatisseen..thenitisart.”說明藝術(shù)和科學的不同?？仗庬樈由衔?和下文形成因果關(guān)系。E項中的“workedintuitivelyandexpressedhimselflogically”和上文“看到和經(jīng)歷的是用邏輯的語言描述的就是科學,它被直觀地傳達和識別,那么它就是藝術(shù)”相呼應(yīng),表明愛因斯坦本人憑直覺工作,用邏輯表達自己,也是下文他被稱為偉大的科學家,也是藝術(shù)家的原因

__4__“IfIwerenotaphysicist,”heoncesaid,“Iwouldprobablybeamusician.IoftenthinkinmusicandIseemylifeintermsofmusic.Igetmostjoyinlifeoutofmusic.”MusicprovidedEinsteinwithaconnectionbetweentimeandspace,whichbothcombinespatial(空間的)andstructuralaspects.“Thetheoryofrelativityoccurredtomebyintuitionandmusicisthedrivingforcebehindthisintuition,”saidEinstein.“MyparentshadmestudytheviolinfromthetimeIwassix.__5__”

“我憑直覺想到了相對論，而音樂是這種直覺背后的驅(qū)動力，”4.【解析】選F。Einsteinalsoowedhisscientificinsightandintuitionmainlytomusic.下文“IfIwerenotaphysicist,”heoncesaid,“Iwouldprobablybeamusician.IoftenthinkinmusicandIseemylifeintermsofmusic.Igetmostjoyinlifeoutofmusic.”說明音樂對愛因斯坦幫助很大。F項“愛因斯坦將他的科學洞察力和直覺主要歸功于音樂?！边m合作本段的主旨句。5.【解析】選C。Mynewdiscoveryistheresultofmusicalinsight.上文“‘Thetheoryofrelativityoccurredtomebyintuitionandmusicisthedrivingforcebehindthisintuition,’saidEinstein.”說明音樂對他的工作產(chǎn)生的積極影響。空處承接上文,說明了愛因斯坦是靠音樂才有了新發(fā)現(xiàn),而且和本段音樂對他的幫助的主題相符合。C項“我的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是音樂洞察力的結(jié)果?！狈险Z境。Ⅲ.完形填空[2024·福州高二期末]

ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia,asciencecareerwithNASAmayseemimpossible.Trujillo,however,isanaerospace__1__wholeadsateamattheNASAlaboratory__2__fortheroboticarmofthelatestMarsrover(火星探測器).

HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverseto__3__exploringit?That’s

ataleof__4__writteninthestars.

宇航員

B.pilot飛行員 C.engineer工程師 D.guide導游【解析】選C。根據(jù)下文“Later,shebecameanengineeratNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.”可知,Trujillo是美國宇航局工程師。迫切的 B.responsibleC.concerned擔憂

D.grateful感激【解析】選B。rujillo領(lǐng)導的團隊負責最新火星探測器的機械臂。真正地

B.hardly幾乎不

C.accurately準確地

D.repeatedly反復地【解析】選A?？芍?Trujillo的夢想變成了現(xiàn)實,在現(xiàn)實中真正地探索宇宙。創(chuàng)新

B.kindness善意

C.passion熱情 D.sympathy同情【解析】選C。根據(jù)文章開頭“ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia,asciencecareerwithNASAmayseemimpossible.”可知,對于一個女孩要進入美國宇航局工作是非常難的一件事,而這個女孩做到了。所以此處表達她的整個經(jīng)歷充滿了激情。

Bornin1983,evenasayounggirlTrujillowas__5__ofherpassionforscience.Butshedoubtedhowfarshe’dbeableto__6__inamale-dominatedfield.ThenherdadofferedtosendhertoMiami.Only17atthetime,she__7__theoffer.

確定 B.approved支持 C.afraid 害怕 D.fond喜歡【解析】選A。根據(jù)上文“HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverseto_______exploringit?”可知,她一直夢想著探索宇宙,結(jié)合此句中的even,所以此處表示甚至在她還很小時,就確定了對科學的追求和喜愛。

回復

B.rise上升

C.invest投資

D.apply應(yīng)用【解析】選B。根據(jù)“inamale-dominatedfield”可知,在這樣一個男性主導的領(lǐng)域里,Trujillo不知道她的努力和堅持能讓自己走多遠,地位能提高多少。7.A.madeup組成B.turnedup出現(xiàn)C.pickedup撿起 D.tookup接受【解析】選D。根據(jù)“ThenherdadofferedtosendhertoMiami.”(她爸爸提出送她去邁阿密)和下文“Trujillotookaseriesofhousekeeping_________toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.”提到她去邁阿密上大學,可知此處表示,她接受了爸爸讓她去邁阿密的提議。

Trujillotookaseriesof

housekeeping__8__toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.Sometimesshewascleaningbathroomstohelppayherwaythroughher__9__.Butshedidn’t__10__“Isaweverythingcomingmywayasanopportunity.”

措施 B.activities活動C.jobs D.courses課程【解析】選C。根據(jù)“toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.”可知,她給別人做家務(wù)活,也就是通過家務(wù)工作,掙錢讓自己完成學業(yè)。9.A.studies B.purchases購買C.recreations娛樂 D.trips【解析】選A。根據(jù)“Sometimesshewascleaningbathrooms”可知,Trujillo通過打掃浴室?guī)椭约簰赍X完成學業(yè)。澄清 B.fear害怕 C.perceive感知

D.complain抱怨【解析】選D。根據(jù)“Isaweverythingcomingmywayasanopportunity”可知,她把遇到的一切都當作機會,所以盡管學業(yè)完成不易,但是她不抱怨。使完成，使上大學Thencameanotherlife-changingmoment.ShebecamethefirstHispanic(西班牙語的)womantobe__11__totheNASAAcademy.Later,shebecameanengineeratNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.

WhenthePerseverancerover__12__onthesurfaceofMars,itwas__13__bycommentary(解說)fromTrujilloinNASA’sfirst-everSpanish-language__14__.

Trujillo’sownstoryis__15__thatjustbeyondthebarrierliesanentireuniverseofopportunitieswaitingforanyonewillingtoworkhardenoughtoreachforthestars.

11.A.applied申請

運用

B.admitted錄取

C.assigned 布置

分配 D.introduced介紹【解析】選B。被美國宇航局學院錄取,這是她人生的轉(zhuǎn)折點。12.A.originated起源

B.generated產(chǎn)生

C.landed著陸

D.waited等待【解析】選C。根據(jù)“onthesurfaceofMars”可知,此處表示的是“毅力號”在火星表面著陸。13.A.accompanied 伴隨 B.distracted分散C.estimated評估 D.occupied占據(jù)【解析】選A?？芍?此處表示的是“毅力號”著陸時,同時伴隨著廣播中Trujillo的西班牙語的解說。

理論B.broadcast廣播

C.comment 評價

D.performance表現(xiàn)【解析】選B。根據(jù)“itwas_______bycommentaryfromTrujilloinNASA’sfirst-everSpanish-language”可知,“毅力號”在火星著陸時,同時伴隨著廣播中Trujillo用西班牙語所做的解說。

事業(yè) B.information信息C.competence能力 D.proof證明【解析】選D。她的故事是一種證明,表明了越過障礙,有一個充滿機遇的宇宙在等待著任何愿意努力工作去接近星辰的人。語法填空[2023·臺州高二期末]

Museumsinspiredreams—tobecomeanastronaut,an1.________________(astronomy),oranaerospaceengineer.Butcantheyalsohelpprovideapathwaytothosegoals?

1.【解析】astronomer。句意:博物館激發(fā)人們成為宇航員、天文學家或航天工程師的夢想。an后跟可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式,此處意為“天文學家”,是astronomer。

Forstudentsseeingeverything2._________