2024全球經(jīng)濟體AI成熟度矩陣報告 -The AI Maturity Matrix Which Economies Are Ready for AI

TheAIMaturityMatrix

WhichEconomiesAreReadyforAI?

November2024

ByChristianSchwaerzler,MiguelCarrasco,ChristopherDaniel,BrookeBollyky,YoshihisaNiwa,AparnaBharadwaj,AkramAwad,RichardSargeant,SanjayNawandhar,andSvetlanaKostikova

Contents

0

3Introduction

0

4KeyFindings

0

5TheRelationshipBetweenExposureandReadiness

1

0TheArchetypesofAIAdoption

15StrategicNextSteps

17Methodology

2

1AbouttheAuthors

Introduction

V

iewsvaryonhowmuchAIischangingtheworld

today,butonethingisclear:thetechnologyison

coursetoshapethefutureofeconomicdevelopment.Businessleadersexpectlargeimpactsonoperationsand

valuecreationinthe3-to-10-yeartimeframe,andworld-

widespendingonartificialintelligencewillmorethan

doubleto$632billionby2028.1Thelong-term,expansivescaleofthisgrowthmakesAIaneconomicpriorityineveryregionacrosstheglobe.

Thisgrowthalsoaddsurgencytothequestionsthat

policymakersfaceaboutAI.Isasocietyabletobuildan

AI-skilledworkforceinkeysectors?Howwillagovernmentsetupresilient,moderninfrastructure?HowdoesanationspurenoughinvestmentandR&Dtostaycompetitive?

BCG’snewAIMaturityMatrixassesses73global

economiestoanswersomeofthesekeyquestions.2Thismatrixprovidesabroadviewofglobaladoption:most

economiesaregraduallyadoptingAI,butthereisasmall,influentialgroupofAIpioneersthattaketheirplaceas

leaders.Theirprizeiseconomicadvantage,buttheyarealsopoisedtoshapehowhumanitywillinteractwiththispowerfullydisruptivetechnology.

Byfocusingontwopivotalaspects,thisreportoffersa

uniqueapproachtoviewingtheglobaldynamicsofAI

adoption.First,weexamineeacheconomy’sexposuretoAI-drivendisruptions.WedefineexposureasthepotentialforAItoimpactasectorinaneconomynegativelyor

positively.Wethenassesseacheconomy’sreadinessto

harnessAI’spotentialforgrowthandtomitigatepotentialrisks.TheresultingmatrixbringstogetherthesefactorstopresentsixarchetypesofAIeconomicdevelopmentand

potential.Weofferrecommendationstailoredtothe

differentgroupstoguidepolicymakers—andprovideaninteractivedashboardforamoredetailedexplorationofouranalysis.

1.“AIIsShowing‘VeryPositive’SignsofEventuallyBoostingGDPandProductivity,”GoldmanSachswebsite,May13,2024;“WorldwideSpendingonArtificialIntelligenceForecasttoReach$632Billionin2028,AccordingtoaNewIDCSpendingGuide,”IDCwebsite,August19,2024.

2.Detailsoftheselectionprocessareavailableinthemethodologysection.

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPTHEAIMATURITYMATRIX:WHICHECONOMIESAREREADYFORAI?3

T

KeyFindings

Outof73economiesassessed,onlyfive—Canada,MainlandChina,

Singapore,theUK,andtheUS—arecategorizedasAIpioneers.

Theyhavereachedahighlevelof

readinessbyblendingelementslike

investmentandinfrastructure,turningdisruptionintoacompetitiveedge.

Theyareinauniquepositiontoguidetheworldforwardininnovation,

talentdevelopment,andAIregulationandethics.

Severaleconomieswithhigh

AIreadinessarejustbehindthepaceofAIpioneers.Whilethis

groupofAIcontendersincludes

establishedeconomies,italso

featuresemergingoneslikeIndia,SaudiArabia,andtheUAEthatare

usingpolicyandtargetedinvestmentstoadoptAIonanadvancedlevel.Astheseeconomiesstrengthentheir

innovationcapabilities,theywillgrowmorecompetitiveandinfluentialin

theAIspace.

MosteconomiesinthestudyarenotreadyforAIdisruption.Morethan70%scorebelowthehalfwaymarkincategorieslikeecosystemparticipation,skills,andR&D.

PolicymakersmustactnowtoadjusttoaworldofAIandboostresiliency,productivity,jobs,modernization,andcompetitiveness.

DistributionofEconomiesAcrosstheArchetypesofAIAdoption

LowEXPOSUREHigh

AIpractitioners

AIcontenders

Steadycontenders

Australia

Austria

·Belgium

Denmark

·Japan

·Luxembourg·Malaysia

Netherlands

Exposedpractitioners

Estonia

Finland

France

·Germany

·HongKong

Ireland

Israel

·Italy

·Norway·Portugal

SouthKorea

·Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Taiwan

AIpioneers

Canada

MainlandChina

·Singapore

UK

US

Bahrain

·Bulgaria·Cyprus

Czechia

Greece

·Hungary

Kuwait

Malta

Gradualpractitioners

Risingcontenders

·Argentina

Chile

Colombia

Dominican

Republic·Egypt

Iran

·Kenya

Latvia

Lithuania

Mexico

Morocco

Oman

Pakistan

Peru

·Philippines

Romania

·Qatar

Slovakia

SouthAfrica

Thailand

Ukraine

Brazil

India

Indonesia

NewZealand

Poland

SaudiArabia

·Türkiye

UAE

Vietnam

Bottom10%READINESSTop10%

AIemergents

·Algeria·Iraq

·Angola·Nigeria

Ecuador·Venezuela

·Ethiopia

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Sources:BCGCenterforPublicEconomics;BCGanalysis.

Note:Withineacharchetype,economiesappearinalphabeticalorder.

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPTHEAIMATURITYMATRIX:WHICHECONOMIESAREREADYFORAI?4

TheRelationshipBetweenExposureandReadiness

T

hefutureofAIisframedbyhighexpectations.Yet

adoptionisalreadypayingofftodaywithefficiency

gainsandreturnoninvestment.BusinessesthatarescalingAIhaveboostedtheirrevenuesby2.5timescom-

paredtocompetitors.Whenscaledacrossanentireecono-my,suchpotentialgainselevateAItoapressingareafor

policymaking—bothtodayandintheyearsahead.

Akeyplaceforpublicsectorleaderstostartistounder-

standtheireconomy’slevelofexposuretoAIbysector.

Exposurecanleadtopositiveornegativeimpacts;for

example,intermsofjobs,exposurecouldleadtodisplace-mentorcreatenewemploymentopportunitiesthroughoutasector.However,jobdisplacementisnottheonlyareaofexposure.(Seesidebar,“

TheDimensionsofAIExposure

.”)

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPTHEAIMATURITYMATRIX:WHICHECONOMIESAREREADYFORAI?5

TheDimensionsofAIExposure

Wefindthatexposureappearsonmanylevels.

Productivity.RecentBCGresearchshowshowAI’sabilitytoautomatetasksandoptimizeprocesseshelpsboth

workersandentirebusinesses.Ononelevel,AIexpands

employeecapabilities.BCGresearchfoundthatinour

organization,GenAI-supportedconsultantsperformed20%betteron

datasciencetasks

thatfelloutsidetheirusual

areasofexpertiseortraining.Onebiopharmafirmused

GenAItoshortenitsdrugdiscoveryprocessby25%.3Onabroaderscale,severaleconomiesinthisstudyareexposedtothesepotentialshifts.

However,AIcouldalsodisrupttraditionalworkflowsin

sectorsreliantonmanualprocesses,suchasmanufactur-ing.Smallbusinessesusingclassicmethodswilloften

competewithlargercompaniesthatdeployAI-driven

automation.Suchsmallbusinessesmightstruggleto

matchtheproductivityofoptimizedfirms,impactingthesector’soverallperformance.

UnevenSectoralImpact.SomesectorsmaylaginAI

adoption,wideningthegapbetweeninnovativeindustriesandslower-movingones.Forinstance,evenasatech-ori-entedsectorlikefinancereadilyadoptsAI,agriculturemaybeslowertofitthetechnologyintoworkflows,failingto

resultintheoverallproductivitygainsthatcouldhelpboostanation’seconomicperformance.

JobEvolution.MostobserversexpectthatAIwillmake

somejobcategoriesobsolete.Butnewjobsthatcallfor

advancedtechnicalskills,includingAIspecialistsandAI

ethicsofficers,willoffsetsomeofthedisplacementor

createnewemploymentopportunitiesinsectorsthathavelonglaggedinhiring.

Inourmethodology,whichrepresentsasnapshotofthe

currentlandscape,wegaugeexposurescoresthroughfourmajorsources:

?ABCGsurveyofbusinessleadersacrosssectorsontheirperceptionsofexposuretoAI

?ThefrequencyandintensityofAIdiscussionsduring

quarterlyearningscallsofpubliclylistedcompanies

?ThenumberofAI-relatedjobvacanciesonLinkedIn

?GenAI-sourcedinsightsondisruptionacrossvariousindustries

3.BCGclientexperience.

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPTHEAIMATURITYMATRIX:WHICHECONOMIESAREREADYFORAI?6

OurstudyincludesseveralfindingsaboutsectorexposuretoAI:

SixsectorsaremostexposedtoAI-drivenchanges.

Theseincludeinformationandcommunication;high-techgoods;retail;financialservices;publicservices;andmotorvehiclesmanufacturing,asshownin

Exhibit1

.

ICTsectors(suchasinformationandcommunicationandhigh-techgoods)showhighexposurebecauseAIcangreat-lytransformhowworkgetsdoneintheseareas.Yetthesesectorsaremorethanjusthotbedsforautomation.Such

sectorsalsoproduceAI-relatedgoodsandservicesthat

otherindustriesuseorsell.Inotherwords,economieswithstrongICTsectorsthatproduceAItechnologiescansee

theirGDPsgrow.

Forexample,semiconductorscreatedbyaneconomy’s

high-techgoodssector—resultinginmorepowerful,effi-

cientchips—areusedinonboardautoelectronicsforauton-omousdriving,enhancedsafetyfeatures,andimprovedfuelefficiency.HomegrownAIdisruptstheeconomy’sautomo-tivesector,makingitmoreinnovativeandcompetitive—

andgrowthsoarsforbothautomakersandchipmakers.

Exhibit1-ExposuretoAI:HeatmapofSectors

SOURCESLEVERAGEDTOGAUGEEXPOSURE

ExposureSurveyofPubliclylistedJobvacanciesGenAI-sourced

SectortoAIbusinessleaderscompaniesonLinkedIninsights

Informationandcommunication

High-techgoods

Retailandwholesale

Financialservices

Publicservices

Motorvehiclesandparts

Businessservices

Accommodationandcatering

Machineryandequipment

Transportandstorageservices

Oilandgas,coke,andre?nedpetroleum

Utilities

Pharmaceuticals

Arts,recreation,union,andpersonalservices

Textiles,leather,andclothing

Mining

Metals

Food,beverages,andtobacco

Othertransportequipment

Nonmetallicminerals

Chemical,rubber,plastics

Construction

Othermiscellaneous

Agriculture,forestry,and?shery

Furnituremanufacturing

Paperandwoodproducts(withoutfurniture)

Sources:BCGCenterforPublicEconomics;BCGanalysis.

Note:Formoredetailsonsources,seethereport’smethodologysection.

High

exposure

Limitedexposure

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPTHEAIMATURITYMATRIX:WHICHECONOMIESAREREADYFORAI?7

EconomieswithahighshareofsectorsthataremostexposedtoAIareamongtheworld’smostexposedtodisruption.ThethreemostexposedeconomiesinourstudyareLuxembourg(withfinancialservicesmakingup

almost30%ofGDP);HongKong(22%financialservicesand22%businessservices);andSingapore(18%businessservices;16%retail;14%financialservices).4

Economieswithindustrysectorsthatarelesssuscep-tibletoAIdisruptionarelessexposed.Suchsectors

includeconstruction,agriculture,andfurnituremanufactur-ing;countriesincludeIndonesia(13%agricultureand11%constructionofGDP);India(17%agricultureand8%con-

struction);andEthiopia(36%agriculture).Butthesesectorscanbefertilegroundforeconomictransformation.

Alongwithboostingefficiency,AIcancreatepositivespillovereffectsthroughoutaneconomy—especiallyalessexposedeconomy.AIcanspurgrowthinadjacentsectors,helpingacountryshiftthemixofsectorsinitsGDP.Forexample,AI-drivenagriculturaltechnologycouldhelp

optimizesupplychainswithdataoncropyields,weather,andmarkettrends.Thecountry’stransportationsectorwouldbecomemoreefficientandmodernized.

Ultimately,exposuretothechangesbroughtbyAIisinherentintoday’sworld.It’sinevitablethatAIwillshowupsomewhereinaneconomy,eventoalimiteddegree,soeverycountry’seconomyhasatleastsomeexposuretothetechnology.Yetaneconomywithhighexposureisn’tnec-

essarilyinabadspot—onthecontrary,someofthemostexposedeconomiesarealsothemostprepared.

ReadinessbyDegrees

Assessingreadinesshelpsaneconomyunderstandits

strengthsandweaknessesasitmanagestechnologyriskandmakesthemostofAI.

ReadinessforAIreferstoaneconomy’sabilitytoeffective-lyimplementandintegrateAI.Thisabilitycanbemea-

suredacrosssixdimensionsthatmakeup

BCG’sASPIRE

index:

Ambition;Skills;Policyandregulation;Investment;Researchandinnovation;andEcosystem.(See

Exhibit2

.)

ThisframeworkoffersacomprehensiveviewonadoptionleversforAI.AmbitionassesseswhetheracountryhasaspecificAIstrategyandagovernmententitytooverseeit,whileSkillslooksattheavailabilityofAIspecialists.(

For

moredetails,refertothemethodologyattheendofthe

report

.)ASPIREisusefulforassessingthefullrangeof

advanced,emerging,anddevelopingeconomies,someofwhicharequitepreparedforAI.Italsoshowcasesthe

imbalancesthatoftenformwhenaneconomyishighly

advancedinsomeofthesesixareasandlackingdevelop-mentinothers.(See

Exhibit3

.)

Mosteconomiesmustdomoretopreparethem-

selvesadequatelyforAIdisruption.Thenumbersare

stark:Outof73economiesassessed,onlyfive—categorizedasAIpioneers—haveachievedahighlevelofreadiness.

Morethan70%scorebelowthehalfwaymarkincategorieslikeecosystemparticipation,skills,andR&D.

Pioneersareoutinfrontinskills,R&D,ecosystems,andinvestments.Inskills,theUSandSingaporestandoutwithrobustAItalentpools,whicharecrucialfordrivinginnovation.TheUSleadsininvesting,drivenbyitssophisti-catedcapitalmarketsandtheabundanceofAIunicorns.IntheR&Drace,MainlandChinaisleadinginpatentsandAIacademicpapers.

Everywhereelse,innovationandinvestmentmustcatchup.ThebulkofeconomiesscorebelowtheaverageinR&Dandinvestment,hinderingtheirabilitytofoster

startupsordeployhomegrownsolutions.Somecountriesthatperformwellinecosystems,includingJapan,Germa-ny,andtheUAE,havegoodtelecommunicationsandAI

infrastructure;they’vebenefitedbyaccessingnewtechnol-ogyfromecosystempartners.However,othereconomiesscorelowerininnovationandecosystemparticipation,

leavingthemwithfeweroptionstoaccessnewsolutions.

TheambitiontoengageAIishighthroughoutthe

world—butcountriesneedmorethanambition.Mosteconomies,includingupper-middlecountriesliketheDomi-

nicanRepublicandlower-middle-incomecountrieslikeKenya,havestatedtheirnationalstrategiesorcreatednationalAI

ministriesandsteeringcommittees.Yetsocietieswillonlyfindpositiveoutcomesiftheymovebeyondplanningandtakepro-active,concreteactions,suchasformingtestbedsforR&D.

Andformanyactors,itwilltaketimebeforetangibleresultsfromAIemerge.Ambitionmustbepairedwithpatience.

4.Sectorsharepercentagesarecalculatedfromthetotalsumofallsectors,orGVA(grossvalueadded),whichweuseasaproxyforGDPinthereport.GDPequalsGVAplustaxesminusanysubsidies.

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPTHEAIMATURITYMATRIX:WHICHECONOMIESAREREADYFORAI?8

Exhibit2-ReadinessforAI:ASPIREIndex

A

S

P

I

R

E

Ambition

·

ExistenceofAI

strategy

·

Existenceof

specializedAI

government

agency/ministry

Skills

·

Concentrationof

AI-relatedspecialists

·

PoolofAI-related

specialists

·Totalpublic

contributionsin

GitHubbytop1,000users

·KaggleGrandmasters

·NumberofPythonpackagedownloadsper1,000people

Policyandregulation

·Regulatoryquality

·

Governance

e?ectiveness

·

Governanceofdata

·

Economicfreedom

index

·

AIanddemocratic

valuesindex

Investment

·

ValueofAIunicorns

·McapofIT-relatedandtech-related

companies/GDP

·

ValueoftradeinICT

services(percapita)

·

ValueoftradeinICT

goods(percapita)·VCavailability

·FundingofAI

companies

·Computersoftware

spending

Researchandinnovation

·ResearchpaperspublishedonAI

·AI-relatedpatents

·Top-ranked

universitiesindatascienceandAI?elds

·

NumberofAI

startups

Ecosystem

·

Fixedbroadband

internettra?cpercapita

·Electricityprices

·

Telecommunicationinfrastructureindex

·Averagedownloadspeed

·

Onlineserviceindex

·

Performanceof

economy-wide

statisticalsystems

Sources:BCGCenterforPublicEconomics;BCGanalysis.

Exhibit3-ReadinessforAI:MeasuringEconomies

Economies

TotalASPIRE

Ambition

Skills

Policyandregulation

Investment

Researchandinnovation

Ecosystem

AI

pioneers

Canada

MainlandChinaSingapore

UnitedKingdomUnitedStates

68

0100

10

010

17

025

8

010

8

015

8

015

19

025

Top25%

Australia

Japan

Finland

Netherlands

France

GermanyIndia

SouthKorea

Spain

Sweden

58

100

10

010

14

025

8

010

6

015

4

15

16

0

0

0

25

Ireland

Taiwan

Israel

UAE

Top50%

Austria

Malaysia

Belgium

NewZealand

Brazil

Denmark

Estonia

HongKong

NorwayPoland

Portugal

SaudiArabia

.

47

100

9

10

●

11

25

7

010

4

015

●

2

15

●

14

0

0

0

0

0

25

Indonesia

Switzerland

Italy

Türkiye

Luxembourg

Vietnam

Top75%

Argentina

Malta

Chile

Mexico

ColombiaCyprus

CzechiaEgypt

Greece

Hungary

PakistanPeru

Qatar

Romania

SouthAfricaThailand

●

38

100

10

10

●

8

25

6

010

2

015

●

1

15

●

11

0

0

0

0

0

25

Latvia

Ukraine

Lithuania

Top90%

Bahrain

Bulgaria

DominicanRepublicIran

Kenya

Kuwait

Morocco

Oman

PhilippinesSlovakia

●

31

100

7

10

●

7

25

5

010

2

015

1

15

.

9

0

0

0

●

0

0

25

AI

emergents

AlgeriaAngolaEcuadorEthiopia

Iraq

Nigeria

Venezuela

20

100

4

10

5

25

3

010

1

015

1

15

6

0

0

0

0

0

25

MinimumfordimensionMaximumfordimensionAverage

Sources:BCGCenterforPublicEconomics;BCGanalysis.

Note:EconomiespositionedattheborderlinebetweenthetopAIpioneersandthetop25%rangeareconsideredaspartofthetop25%group.Duetorounding,thedimensionscoresmaynotsumuptothetotalscore.

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPTHEAIMATURITYMATRIX:WHICHECONOMIESAREREADYFORAI?9

TheArchetypesofAIAdoption

T

hecombinedanalysisofAIexposureand

readinessrevealssixdistinctadoptiongroups.

(SeeExhibit4.)

AIPioneers.ThesearethevanguardsofAIadoption,

buildingonstronginfrastructuresandengagingthetech-

nologyindiversesectors.Allpioneersinvestgreatlyin

R&D,asshownbythemanytechcompanies,startups,

andunicornsineachofthefivecountries.Jobsectorsand

educationsystemsarefullofhighlyskilledtalent.

AIwillmakeupprogressivelylargersharesofthepioneers’GDPsoverthenextseveralyears,astheseactorssupply

moreandmoreAItechnologies,services,skills,andinvest-menttotheworld.Forexample,theUSexportssoftware,platforms,andessentialhardwareforAIcomputing,as

wellascloud-basedAIservices.MainlandChinaexportsAI-poweredconsumerelectronics,includingautonomousdrivingplatforms.ThispresenceintheglobaltechsupplychainallowspioneerstosetstandardsandinfluencetheentireAIlandscape.

Pioneerswillwanttoamplifytheirstrategiestokeepup

theircompetitiveedge.Butascompetitiveastechnology

evolutioncanbe,countrieseverywhereshouldcometo-

gethertoaddresstheemergingethicalquestionsaround

AI.Pioneerscanparticipateintheseimportantethical

effortsinseveralways.Forone,theyareauthoringthe

world’sfirstAI-specificregulatorycodes,whichwilllikelybemodelsforregulationinothercountries.Theseleaders

shouldalsoconvenenationsthroughouttheworldindis-cussionsaroundAIethics.(Seesidebar,“

HowSingapore

BecameanAIPioneer

.”)

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPTHEAIMATURITYMATRIX:WHICHECONOMIESAREREADYFORAI?10

Exhibit4-DefinitionsoftheArchetypes

LowEXPOSUREHigh

p

Exposedpractitioners

EconomieswithrelativelyhighexposuretoAIandinsu?cientlevelsofreadiness

extremelyhighreadiness

Gradualpractitioners

Economieswithrelativelylow

exposuretoAlandlow

readinessforitsadoption

Steadycontenders

Economieswithrelatively

highexposuretoAland

su?cientlevelsofreadinessforitsadoption

Risingcontenders

EconomieswithrelativelylowexposuretoAIdespitehigh

readinessforitsadoption

AIemergents

Economieswith

extremelylow

readinessand

di?erentlevelsofexposuretoAI

AIpioneers

Economiesabletomeethighlevelsofexposurewith

Bottom10%READINESSTop10%

Sources:BCGCenterforPublicEconomics;BCGanalysis.

AIcontendershavearelativelyhighlevelofAIreadiness.Theseactorsareenjoyingefficientoperations,lowercosts,andotherbenefitsofadoption.Goingfurtherandacceler-atingAIacrosssectorswillstrengthentheirpositions;if

theseeconomiesexpandtheirstakesinnicheorspecial-izedmarkets,theycouldcompetewithAIpioneersinsuchareas.WesplitAIcontendersintotwoarchetypes:

SteadyContenders.Theseeconomieshavehighersharesofhighlyexposedservicesectors,suchasfinancialser-

vices.However,theirexposureisbalancedbyhighreadi-ness.Thisgroupismainlydominatedbyhigh-incomeEu-ropeaneconomieslikeGermany,whichhashighexposureduetoitslargeICTandadvancedmanufacturingsectors.Germany’stechnologicalinnovationandstrongindustrialbaseattractforeigntradeandinvestment.CombinedwithitsrobustAIstrategy,thecountryhasestablisheditselfasastrongplayeringlobaltechmarkets.

AnotablecountryherefromoutsideEuropeisMalaysia.ThestrongfocusoftheMalaysiangovernmentonAIisevidentinitsNationalAIRoadmap,techhubs,anduniversitiesoffer-

ingAItraining.Thisshowshowpublicsectorleadershipcanhelpanemergingeconomyreachtechnologymaturityandcompetitivenessonparwithhigh-incomeeconomies.

RisingContenders.ThesearemainlyeconomieswithlowerAIexposureduetoarelativelyhighershareofindustrialand/orresource-basedmixofsectors.Thislowerlevelofexposureisthemaindifferencebetweenrisingcontendersandsteadycontenders,butgovernmentsinthissubgrouppushforAI

adoptionwiththesamecommitmentassteadycontenders.

AninterestingcasehereisIndia,whichisgroupedwithseveralhigh-incomeeconomiesbecauseofitshighlevelofreadiness.

?TheIndiangovernmenthaslaunchedseveralAI-focusedinitiatives,suchastheNationalAIStrategyandthe

creationofcentersofexcellenceinAI,whichaimtointe-grateAIintokeysectorslikeagricultureandeducation.

?IndiaisinvestingheavilyinAIeducationandtrainingprogramstobuildalarge,tech-skilledworkforce.

?Indiahasarapidlygrowingstartupecosystem,partic-ularlyinAI-drivenfintech,health