廣東省2024-2025學(xué)年高三英語第一學(xué)期期末復(fù)習(xí)卷（含解析）

期末復(fù)習(xí)之2024-2025學(xué)年廣東高三英語第一學(xué)期期末復(fù)習(xí)卷本試卷滿分120分，考試時間120分鐘第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATeacherscannowregistertheirclassroomsforastudent-ledglobalprojectaimedatempoweringteenagerstodesigntheirownstrategiestotackleplasticpollution.OverviewTheproject’sname,createdbyanenvironmentalexplorerandprojectfounder,symbolizesthesystematicreductionofdisposable(用后即丟棄的)plasticsthroughchangingnormsandbehaviorstoaddresstherootcausesofpollution.Thegoalistoreach25countrieswithinthreeyears.TheEnglishversionlaunchedin2023hasalreadyattractedover65schoolsfrom23countries.TimelineTheprojectwillofficiallyopenforregistrationtoEnglish-speakingstudentsthissummer.Classroomsparticipatingintheprojectwillbeledbyteachersandsupportedbytheprojectteaminathree-monthperiod.Duringthetime,studentteamswilldesignpracticalstrategiestoaddressplasticpollutionintheircommunities.Studentswillalsohavetheopportunitytoshowcasetheirsolutionsandinteractwithlike-mindedpeersfromaroundtheworldatafestivalinFloridanextNovember,eitherinpersonorvirtually.DetailsInterestedteachersandschooladministratorscanregistertheirclassroomsfortheEnglishversionoftheprojectbyvisitingtherelevantwebsite.Theprojectusesaproject-basedlearningapproachandtargetsstudentsaged15-16,aimingtomakeyoungpeoplethemaindriversoftheirlearning.Byempoweringyoungpeopletodesignandimplementtheirownsolutions,theprojecthopestohelpthenextgenerationoflocalandglobalcommunitybecomeinnovators.Overthenexttwoyears,theprojectwillnetworkwithteachersworldwideandoffertheprojectforfreetointernationalschoolsinbothSpanishandEnglish.RegistrationDeadlineTheregistrationdeadlineisnextFebruary.Formoreinformation,pleasevisitourwebsite.1．Whatdoestheproject’stitlerepresentaccordingtothetext?A．Theriseofplasticrecyclingcenters.B．Thegrowth,intheplastioindustry.C．Theinventionofnewplasticproducts.D．Theorganizeddecreaseofsingle-useplastics.2．Whenandwherewillstudentshavethechancetopresenttheirsolutions?A．NextFebruaryonline. B．NextDecemberinTexas.C．NextNovemberinFlorida. D．NextsummerinNewYorkCity.3．Whatisthetext?A．Anannouncement. B．Apromotionalad.C．Aresearchpaper. D．Anewsarticle.BWeallknowcacti(仙人掌)storewater—buttosurive,theyalsoadjusttheirflowerpositionstogainmoresunlightorshade,andsomuchmore.Scientistshavebeencopyingtheresilientplants’methodstohelpengineerourfuture.OneofthemostexcitingadvancementsinvolvesCopiapoa,agenusofcactiwithatleast32speciesfoundinthecoastalAtacamaDesert,thedriestnonpolardesertonEarth.Thesecacti,typicallyfivetosixincheswide,canformgray-greenbushesthatspreadoutoveranareaotherwiseemptyofvegetation.Documentedbymanyscientists,Copiapoasprobablysurviveby“drinking”thesaltyfogthatsweepsinfromtheseaeverymorning,aswellasthedew—tinybitsofwater—thatformsontheirspines(尖刺)andskin.ThishasinspiredresearcherTegwenMalikfromSwanseaUniversitytothinkaboutwhetherthedew-colletingprocessmightbereproducedinmetalstructures.Specifically,Maliktookacloselookattheone-and-a-quarter-inchspinesofCopiapoasandfoundthattheirsurfacehasaseriesoftinychannelsthatbroadenatthebase.“Thiscreatesasurfaceroughnessthatenablesdewdropstomovealongthemevenagainstgravity,”shesays.Startingin2013,shesetouttore-createthatstructurebyengineeringaflatmetalreproductionofthestemsandspinesoftheCopiapoa,whichshebegantestingunderaseriesofdifferenttemperaturesandhumidities.Afterseveralyearsofexperiments—testingindoorandoutdoorconditions,andwithvariouscoolingmethods—shefinallygotittowork.In2023,Malikpublishedastudyshowingthattheirregularsurfacewas8percentmoreefficientatharvestingdewthanaflatsheetusedasabaseline.Malikimaginesdeserthomeswithwater-collectingfeaturestoprovidecleanwaterindryregions.“Theeasiestwaycouldbetoplacedew-harvestingsurfacesonroofs,butyoucouldalsohavethesestructuresintentsinthedesert,”shesays.“WetrulyhavehiddentreasuresintheCopiapoa,andweareonlyjustlearningsomeoftheirsecrets.”4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resilient”meaninparagraph1?A．Highlyadaptabletodifferentsoils. B．AbletogrowquicklyandefficientlyC．Resistanttodiseasesandharmfulinsects. D．Capableofsurvivingdifficultconditions5．WhatdroveTegwenMaliktostudyCopiapoas?A．Theirmetal-likesurface. B．Theirmechanismtogatherwater.C．Theirtypicalappearance D．Theirabilitytoformwaterdrops.6．WhatwasthemainfocusofMalik’sexperimentwiththeCopiapoa?A．Recreatingaflatmetalcopyofit B．TestingifitsmetalcopywouldworkC．Seeinghowitsurvivesvariousclimates. D．Findingthemostefficientcoolingmethodforit.7．HowmayMalik’smetalstructurebeapplied?A．Tosecurewatersupplyindryareas. B．Tocleansaltywaterindeserthomes.C．Toenabledesertexplorerstotravellight. D．Toimprovewaystodiscoverhiddentreasures.CScientistshavelongbeenstudyingthebrainwithagoalofaidinghealthieraging.Whilemuchisknownaboutriskfactorsinspeedingupbrainaging,lesshasbeenuncoveredtoidentifywaystoreducecognitive(認(rèn)知的)decline.Thereisevidencethatnutritionmatters,andanewstudyshowsspecificnutrients(營養(yǎng)物質(zhì))mayplayavitalroleinthehealthyagingofthebrain.TheteamofscientistsfromtheUniversityofIllinois,ledbyAronBarbey,enrolled100volunteersagedbetween65and75,lookingforconnectionsbetweencertaindietsandslowerbrainaging.Theseparticipantscompletedaquestionnairewithmeasuresofphysicalfitness.Bloodsamplewascollectedtoanalyzethenutrientbiologicalmarkers:amorescientificevidenceforwhattheseelderlyindividualswereeatinganddrinking.Participantsalsounderwentcognitiveassessmentsandbrainimaging.Analysisofthislargesetofmeasuresrevealedtwotypesofbrainagingamongtheparticipants-accelerated(加速的)andslower-than-expected.Thosewithslowerbrainaginghaddistinctnutrientbiologicalmarkers.ItwasassociatedwithnutrientintakesimilartowhatyouwouldgetfromtheMediterraneandiet,whichemphasizesplant-basedfoods,healthyfats,andminimallyprocessedingredients,offeringnumeroushealthbenefits.Barbeynotedthatpreviousresearchonnutritionandbrainaginghasmostlyreliedonfoodfrequencyquestionnaires,whicharedependentonparticipants’ownrecall.Thisstudyisoneofthefirstandthelargesttocombinebrainimaging,bloodbiologicalmarkersandcognitiveassessments.“Thisallowsustobuildarobustunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenthesefactors.Wemovebeyondsimplymeasuringcognitiveperformancewithtraditionalpsychologicaltests,”Barbeysays.Theresearcherswillcontinuetoexplorethenutrientbiologicalmarkersinvestigatedinthisstudyasitrelatestohealthybrainaging.Barbeysaidit’spossible,inthefuture,thatthefindingswillaidindevelopingtherapiesandinterventionstopromotebrainhealth.It’spossiblethatsimpleadjuststowhatweeatcouldhelpcutdowntheriskofdiseaseslikeAlzheimer’s.8．Whatisthemainfocusofthenewstudy?A．Thebiologicalprocessofbrainaging. B．Theriskfactorsinstimulatingbrainaging.C．Theimpactofhealthybrainagingonthesenior. D．Thepotentialeffectofnutrientsonbrainaging.9．Howdidthescientistsanalyzetheparticipants’nutrientintake?A．Bytestingtheirbloodsamples. B．Bytakingcognitiveassessments.C．Bytrackingtheirdietaryhabits. D．Bydoingpsychologicaltests.10．Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“robust”inparagraph5?A．Abstract. B．Solid. C．Rough. D．Variable.11．Whatisexpectedofthefutureresearch?A．ItwillprovidevaluableinsightsintotheMediterraneandiet.B．Itwilldevelopanewassessmentstandardforbrainhealth.C．Itwillrecommendafiber-richdiettopromotehealthierbrainaging.D．Itwillcontributetopreventingandtreatingcertainbraindiseases.DYourphonehasascreenthatdisplaysimagesandvideos.Thescreenusestinydotsknownaspixels(像素)thatconsistofthreeprimarycolors:red,greenandblue.Bymixingthesecolorsindifferentways,yourphonecanshowyoueverythingfrombeautifulbeachscenestocutepuppies.Nowimaginesomethingsimilarforsmells.Scientistsaredevelopingdigitalscenttechnologythatusesasmallnumberofdifferentcartridges(暗盒),eachcontainingaspecificscent.Justlikehowpixelsmixthethreebasiccolorstocreateimages,thesescentcartridgescouldmixtocreatedifferentsmells.Justasimagesonyourphonearemadeofdigitalcodesthatrepresentcombinationsofpixels,smellsproducedbyafuturephonecouldbecreatedthroughdigitalcodes.Eachsmellcouldhaveaspecificrecipemadeupofdifferentamountsoftheingredientsinthecartridges.Whenyoureceiveadigitalscentcode,yourphonecouldmixtinyamountsofthedifferentscentsfromthecartridgestocreatethedesiredsmell.Thismixwouldthenbereleasedthroughasmallventonthephone,allowingyoutosmellit.Withjustafewcartridges,yourphonecouldpotentiallycreateahugevarietyofsmells,muchlikehowred,greenandbluepixelscancreatecountlesscolors.Creatingaphonethatcanproducesmellsinvolvesseveralchallenges.Oneisdesigningasystemthatcanproducethousandsofdifferentsmellsusingonlyafewcartridges.Anotherishowtocontrolhowstrongascentshouldbeandhowlongaphoneshouldsenditout.Andphoneswillalsoneedtosenseodorsnearthemandconvertthosetodigitalcodessoyourfriends’phonescansendsmellstoyou.Thecartridgesshouldalsobeeasytorefill,andthechemicalsinthemshouldbesafetobreathe.Thesehurdlesmakeitatrickybutexcitingareaofresearch.12．Whatenablesaphonescreentopresentdiversevisualcontents?A．Specialsensorsdetectingcolors.B．Auniquewayforcolorreflection.C．Advancedsoftwareforimagegeneration.D．Pixelsofthreeprimarycolorsincombination.13．Whatcanwelearnaboutdigitalscent?A．Itiscreatedbyusingcartridges.B．It’safully-developedtechnology.C．Itcomesfromthesamecartridges.D．Itisrelatedtoimagesonmobilephones.14．Whatisoneofthetroublesscientistsfacewhendevelopingdigitalscenttechnology?A．Creatingnewscentsthatdon’texistinnature.B．Regulatingtheintensityanddurationofscents.C．Combiningallprimarycolorstoproduceonesmell.D．Findingawaytoemitscentsthatlastforalongtime.15．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TechnologythatcancombinecolorstocreateimagesB．ChallengesfacedbydigitalscenttechnologyC．ThedevelopmentandpotentialofdigitalscenttechnologyD．Thehistoryandfutureofcomplexphonetechnology第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。AccordingtoneuroscientistShirleyMueller,collectingfeedsthepleasurecenterofthebrain,butwithoutthedrawbacksofalcohol,gambling,ornicotine.16Morethan100,000yearsago,ourancestorssearchedforcrystals,shells,andotherobjectsjustasseekingforfood.Inmoderntimes,whilesomepeoplecollectasastatementofwhotheyare,otherscollectasaninvestmentorasourceofpleasure.“Whilethemotivationstocollectarevaried,17”saysBrandonSchmeichel,acomicbookcollectorandapsychologyprofessor.Thatdistinguishescollectingfromstoringup.Intermsofit,stuffisobtainedindiscriminately(不加區(qū)分地).Insteadofcreatingasenseofself-worth,thebehaviortypicallymakesthosewhoareaccustomedtoitfeelbadaboutthemselves.“18Youhavetofigureoutwhereyoucanfindthedesireditems,whatthey’reworth,andhowyouwillorganizeanddisplayyourcollections,”Muellersays.“Thoseactivitiesstimulateareasofthebraininvolvedinexecutivefunctioning,skillsthatincludeworkingmemory,multitasking,andimpulse-control.”O(jiān)naphysiologicallevel,researchshowsthattangibleobjectshaveuniqueeffectsonbrainfunctions.Visualizingobjectsstimulatesmanyareasofthebrainatthesametime.Eachobjectisassociatedwithaperson,experience,ormomentintime.Inthatway,collectionsactasaphysicaltimemachine.19“Thissortofcollectingfacilitatesone’srecallaboutthepast,”Schmeichelsays.

Collectingalsoseemstohitfundamentalpsychologicalneeds.“Collectorsoftenreportthatthefriendshipofothercollectorsisoneofthemostrewardingaspectsofcollecting,”SchmeichelreportsinLeisureSciences.Interactingwithsellers,othercollectors,orevenadmirersofyourcollectioncanalsoserveasafoundationforrelationship-building.20A．Everyitemisasignalforyourmemory.B．Collectingrequiresattainingknowledge.C．theytypicallycenterarounddevelopingamorepositivesenseofself.D．Ofcourse,collectingisnotanewphenomenon.E．Italsofunctionsasawaythatactuallydoesn’tcostmuch.F．Itcancultivatebothasenseofbelongingandindividuality.G．collectingcanstimulatepeopletoconcentrateontheirmind.第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文：從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AsagraduatestudentinChicago,Andriawasgiventhemuchexhaustingjobofcollectingsurveydataaspartofanacademicresearchproject.Eachtimesheapproachedapasser-by,shethoughtshewouldbetoldhowannoyedtheywere.Yetthebadresponses21came.Manymorepeoplewere22toanswerthequestionnairesthanshehad23.Wasitpossible,shewondered,thatmostofusarewrongaboutwhetherpeoplewanttorespondtoourrequests?Overthefollowingdecade,sheconductedmultiplestudiesthat24thiswasindeedthecase:undermanycircumstances,peopleareoftenmorelikelyto25thanweassume.26,itseemedthattheresultsprovidedarefreshingly27viewofhumannature.

“Itis28toknowthatpeoplearemorelikelytodothingsforyouthanexpected.”However,withtimegoingbyandmorereflectionsontheresults,Andriahascometo29thatherresultsreflectabroadertendencythatweusually30howmuchinfluenceourwordscanhaveonothers,whetherwe’reaskingthemto31goodorbadactions.Peopleoftenagreetodowhattheyareaskedbecausetheyfindittoo32tosayno,evensometimesfeelinguncomfortablewithour33.Knowingthiscanhelpusunderstandhowourdemandsmight34otherpeopleparticularlyintheworkplace,helpingusadjustourneedsaccordinglyinwaysthatrespectpeople’s35andwithouttakingwhattheyhavedoneforusforgranted.21．A．frequently B．eventually C．rarely D．tentatively22．A．reluctant B．ready C．a(chǎn)ccessible D．hesitant23．A．recognized B．transferred C．committed D．a(chǎn)nticipated24．A．madefor B．markedout C．madeout D．madesure25．A．ignore B．cooperate C．reject D．complain26．A．Onthesurface B．Onthewhole C．Onthecontrary D．Onthego27．A．neutral B．critical C．negative D．optimistic28．A．ridiculous B．a(chǎn)wesome C．discouraging D．influential29．A．deny B．doubt C．a(chǎn)ppreciate D．subscribe30．A．undervalue B．overstate C．mislead D．correlate31．A．imitate B．perceive C．measure D．perform32．A．a(chǎn)wkward B．deliberate C．tricky D．a(chǎn)mused33．A．recommendationsB．requests C．quests D．a(chǎn)nnouncements34．A．distinguish B．impress C．emerge D．impact35．A．defense B．a(chǎn)ssumptions C．boundaries D．confusion第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheSmithsonian’sNationalZooandConservationBiologyInstituteinWashington,D．C．,announcedMondaythatzookeepersareexpectingthe36(arrive)oftwogiantpandasfromChinathisweek.Thepandas,onemaleandonefemale,whoare37(respective)namedBaoLiandQingBoa,

38(expect)toarriveonTuesday.Bornonemonthapartin2021,they’vebeendescribedbypriorcaregiversaslively3-year-oldswhoenjoyclimbing.BaoLiisadescendantofBaoBao,borninD．C．in2013and39(live)therethrough2017.AllgiantpandasbornattheNationalZooreturntoChinaat4yearsoldaspartofabreedingprogramthathelpsprotectthelongevityofthespecies,40iscurrentlythoughtofas“vulnerable”bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.41(prepare)fortheofficialtransferofthetwogiantpandas,ChineseexpertsmadeseveraltripstoD．C．toensurethattheirsafetyandwell-beingwouldbeprovidedfor,accordingtotheXinhuaNewsAgency.ExpertsdeterminedthattheNationalZoo’slivingspaces,foodsources,breedingprogramandhealthmonitoringweresufficient,42statementsaid.OnMondayevening,theirjourneybegan43privatetransportfromtheChinaGiantPandaConservationResearchCentertoChengduShuangliuInternationalAirport,wheretheystartedpreparingfortheir“specialflight”totheirnewhome,accordingtoXinhua.ThehighlyanticipatedadditionofBaoLiandQingBoafollowsthe44(moment)comingofYunChaunandXinBaototheSanDiegoZooinJune,whichwasthefirsttimepandas45(enter)theU.S.in21years,afteraperiodofdiplomaticstrainwithChina.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46．假定你是學(xué)?？茖W(xué)社團(tuán)負(fù)責(zé)人李華，下月社團(tuán)將舉行“科技融入夢想”(IntegrationofTechnologyintoDreams)科學(xué)節(jié)活動。請你給英國朋友Chris寫一封郵件，請他就活動方案提出意見，內(nèi)容包括：(1)介紹方案；(2)征詢意見。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearChris,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Iusedtobelievethathomelesspeoplecouldonlyreceivebutnotgive.However,achanceencounterwithagirlatasoupkitchen(救濟(jì)站)oneeveningcompletelychangedmyperspective.Thatevening,IwasvolunteeringwithmyschoolatAndreHouse,asoupkitchenwevisitabouttwiceamonthtohelppreparemealsforthoseinneed.Iparticularlyenjoybeinginvolvedinfoodpreparationandservingonthelinebecauseitallowsustobuildconnectionswiththoseweareserving.Whilethepeopleweencounteratthesoupkitchencomefromdiversebackgroundsandcircumstances,thesharedexpressionofgratitude,oftenintheformof“Thankyouforyourservice”,makestheexperiencealotmoremeaningful.Onthisparticularnight,therewasanunusuallyhighnumberofpeopleatAndreHouse.Wewerekeptbusyworking,concernedthattheremightnotbeenoughfoodforsomanypeople.Fortunately,wheneveryonehadbeenserved,therewasstilloneportion(份)offoodleft.Justthen,atthatlatehour,agirlappearedinthesoupkitchenandaskedforfood.“You’relucky.You’rethelastpersonwhocangetfoodherethisevening,”Isaid.“Thankyou,”theshygirlwhisperedasIhandedherthefood.Inoticedthatshewasaroundmyageandcouldn’thelpbutwonderwhatkindoftroubleshehadgonethroughtoenduphere.SeeinghermademerealizehowfortunateIwastohavearoofovermyhead,amealtoeateverydayandacomfortablebedtosleepinafteralongday.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Unfortunately,atthatmoment,anoldwomanhurriedin.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“Waitaminute,Granny!”thegirlIhadjustservedsaidassheranoutwithherfood.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案1．D2．C3．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個由學(xué)生主導(dǎo)的全球項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目旨在鼓勵學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)自己的策略來解決塑料污染問題。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Overview”部分中的“Theproject’sname,createdbyanenvironmentalexplorerandprojectfounder,symbolizesthesystematicreductionofdisposable(用后即丟棄的)plasticsthroughchangingnormsandbehaviorstoaddresstherootcausesofpollution.(這個由一位環(huán)保探險家兼項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)始人所創(chuàng)立的項(xiàng)目，其名稱象征著通過改變規(guī)范和行為來從根源上解決污染問題，從而系統(tǒng)性地減少一次性塑料制品的使用。)”可知，項(xiàng)目名稱象征著通過改變規(guī)范和行為來系統(tǒng)性地減少一次性塑料制品，也就是意味著有組織地減少一次性塑料制品的使用。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Timeline”中的“Studentswillalsohavetheopportunitytoshowcasetheirsolutionsandinteractwithlike-mindedpeersfromaroundtheworldatafestivalinFloridanextNovember,eitherinpersonorvirtually.(學(xué)生們還將有機(jī)會在明年11月于佛羅里達(dá)州舉辦的一場活動中展示他們的解決方案，并與來自世界各地志同道合的同齡人進(jìn)行面對面或線上的交流互動。)”可知，學(xué)生們將有機(jī)會在明年11月于佛羅里達(dá)州舉辦的一場活動中展示他們的解決方案，并能與世界各地志同道合的同齡人進(jìn)行互動，既可以線下參與也可以線上參與。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要圍繞一個學(xué)生主導(dǎo)的全球項(xiàng)目展開，先是介紹了項(xiàng)目概況，包括其名稱寓意、目標(biāo)等，接著說明了項(xiàng)目的時間安排、具體詳情以及注冊截止日期等關(guān)鍵信息，整體是在向教師等相關(guān)群體告知該項(xiàng)目的具體情況以及相關(guān)要求，目的在于傳達(dá)項(xiàng)目相關(guān)消息，符合公告（announcement）的特點(diǎn)，用于發(fā)布一些需要讓特定對象知曉的事項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。故選A。4．D5．B6．B7．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家受仙人掌啟發(fā)，研發(fā)出了可以在干旱地區(qū)收集露水的金屬結(jié)構(gòu)，為干燥地區(qū)提供清潔水源。4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Weallknowcacti(仙人掌)storewater-buttosurive,theyalsoadjusttheirflowerpositionstogainmoresunlightorshade,andsomuchmore.Scientistshavebeencopyingtheresilientplants’methodstohelpengineerourfuture.(我們都知道仙人掌能儲存水分，但為了生存，它們還會調(diào)整花朵的位置以獲得更多陽光或陰涼，諸如此類還有很多?？茖W(xué)家們一直在模仿這些resilient的植物的方法，以幫助設(shè)計(jì)我們的未來)”可知，劃線詞修飾的plants指代Weallknowcacti(仙人掌)，這種植物能在干旱的沙漠中生存下來，所以推斷resilient的意思是“能在困難環(huán)境中生存下來的”。故選D。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Documentedbymanyscientists,Copiapoasprobablysurviveby“drinking”thesaltyfogthatsweepsinfromtheseaeverymorning,aswellasthedew—tinybitsofwater—thatformsontheirspines(尖刺)andskin.ThishasinspiredresearcherTegwenMalikfromSwanseaUniversitytothinkaboutwhetherthedew-collectingprocessmightbereproducedinmetalstructures.(許多科學(xué)家記錄到，Copiapoas可能通過“飲用”每天早晨從海上席卷而來的咸霧，以及在其尖刺和皮膚上形成的露水——微小的水滴——來生存。這啟發(fā)了來自斯旺西大學(xué)的研究者TegwenMalik思考露水收集過程是否可以在金屬結(jié)構(gòu)中重現(xiàn))”可知，是仙人掌收集水分的機(jī)制啟發(fā)了TegwenMalik去研究它。故選B。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Startingin2013,shesetouttore-createthatstructurebyengineeringaflatmetalreproductionofthestemsandspinesoftheCopiapoa,whichshebegantestingunderaseriesofdifferenttemperaturesandhumidities.(從2013年開始，她開始通過制作Copiapoa莖和刺的平面金屬復(fù)制品來重現(xiàn)這種結(jié)構(gòu)，并在一系列不同的溫度和濕度下開始測試)”以及“In2023,Malikpublishedastudyshowingthattheirregularsurfacewas8percentmoreefficientatharvestingdewthanaflatsheetusedasabaseline.(2023年，Malik發(fā)表了一項(xiàng)研究，研究表明，這種不規(guī)則表面收集露水的效率比用作基準(zhǔn)的平面高8%)”可知，Malik關(guān)于Copiapoa的實(shí)驗(yàn)重點(diǎn)是測試它的金屬復(fù)制品是否有效。故選B。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Malikimaginesdeserthomeswithwater-collectingfeaturestoprovidecleanwaterindryregions.(Malik設(shè)想沙漠中的房屋有集水功能，為干旱地區(qū)提供清潔水源)”可知，Malik的金屬結(jié)構(gòu)可能被應(yīng)用于確保干旱地區(qū)的水供應(yīng)。故選A。8．D9．A10．B11．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個關(guān)于營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和大腦健康之間的關(guān)系的研究，解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及發(fā)現(xiàn)。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thereisevidencethatnutritionmatters,andanewstudyshowsspecificnutrients(營養(yǎng)物質(zhì))mayplayavitalroleinthehealthyagingofthebrain.(有證據(jù)表明營養(yǎng)很重要，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，特定的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)可能在大腦的健康衰老中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。)”可知，這項(xiàng)新研究的主要焦點(diǎn)是營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)對大腦衰老的潛在影響。故選D。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Bloodsamplewascollectedtoanalyzethenutrientbiologicalmarkers:amorescientificevidenceforwhattheseelderlyindividualswereeatinganddrinking.(采集血液樣本來分析營養(yǎng)生物標(biāo)志物：這是這些老年人飲食的更科學(xué)的證據(jù)。)”可知，科學(xué)家通過測試血液樣本分析參與者的營養(yǎng)攝入量。故選A。10．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Wemovebeyondsimplymeasuringcognitiveperformancewithtraditionalpsychologicaltests(我們超越了簡單地用傳統(tǒng)的心理測試來衡量認(rèn)知表現(xiàn))”可知，Barbey提到他們超越了簡單地用傳統(tǒng)的心理測試來衡量認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)，說明這項(xiàng)研究讓他們對這些因素之間的關(guān)系建立一個可靠、堅(jiān)實(shí)的理解。故劃線詞意思是“可靠的、堅(jiān)實(shí)的”，故選B。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“It’spossiblethatsimpleadjuststowhatweeatcouldhelpcutdowntheriskofdiseaseslikeAlzheimer’s.(簡單地調(diào)整我們的飲食可能有助于降低患阿爾茨海默病等疾病的風(fēng)險。)”可知，未來的研究有望有助于預(yù)防和治療某些腦部疾病。故選D。12．D13．A14．B15．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)字氣味技術(shù)，包括它的開發(fā)過程和潛力，以及其面臨的諸多挑戰(zhàn)。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thescreenusestinydotsknownaspixels(像素)thatconsistofthreeprimarycolors:red,greenandblue.Bymixingthesecolorsindifferentways,yourphonecanshowyoueverythingfrombeautifulbeachscenestocutepuppies.(屏幕上的小點(diǎn)被稱為像素，由三種原色組成：紅、綠、藍(lán)。通過以不同的方式混合這些顏色，你的手機(jī)可以顯示從美麗的海灘景色到可愛的小狗的一切內(nèi)容。)”可知，像素三種顏色的結(jié)合可以使手機(jī)屏幕呈現(xiàn)多樣化的視覺內(nèi)容。故選D項(xiàng)。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Justlikehowpixelsmixthethreebasiccolorstocreateimages,thesescentcartridgescouldmixtocreatedifferentsmells.(就像像素如何混合三種基本顏色來創(chuàng)建圖像一樣，這些暗盒可以混合產(chǎn)生不同的氣味。)”可知，數(shù)字氣味的生成依賴于使用不同的暗盒。故選A項(xiàng)。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Anotherishowtocontrolhowstrongascentshouldbeandhowlongaphoneshouldsenditout.(另一個挑戰(zhàn)是如何控制氣味的強(qiáng)度以及手機(jī)發(fā)出氣味的時間。)”可知，科學(xué)家在開發(fā)數(shù)字氣味技術(shù)時面臨的困難之一是調(diào)節(jié)氣味的強(qiáng)度和持續(xù)時間。故選B項(xiàng)。15．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段中“Scientistsaredevelopingdigitalscenttechnologythatusesasmallnumberofdifferentcartridges(暗盒),eachcontainingaspecificscent.(科學(xué)家們正在開發(fā)數(shù)字氣味技術(shù)，該技術(shù)使用少量不同的暗盒，每個暗盒含有一種特定的氣味。)”和第三段中“Whenyoureceiveadigitalscentcode,yourphonecouldmixtinyamountsofthedifferentscentsfromthecartridgestocreatethedesiredsmell.(當(dāng)你收到一個數(shù)字氣味代碼時，你的手機(jī)可以混合暗盒中的少量不同氣味，以產(chǎn)生想要的氣味。)”以及第四段中“Creatingaphonethatcanproducesmellsinvolvesseveralchallenges.(制造一款可以產(chǎn)生氣味的手機(jī)包括幾個挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，本文主要介紹了數(shù)字氣味技術(shù)，包括它的開發(fā)過程和潛力，以及其面臨的諸多挑戰(zhàn)，C項(xiàng)“數(shù)字氣味技術(shù)的發(fā)展和潛力”符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。16．D17．C18．B19．A20．F【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了收集物品這一行為對人類大腦和心理的積極作用。16．根據(jù)后文“Morethan100,000yearsago,ourancestorssearchedforcrystals,shells,andotherobjectsjustasseekingforfood.(10萬多年前，我們的祖先就像尋找食物一樣尋找晶體、貝殼和其他東西。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)了有關(guān)收集行為的歷史內(nèi)容，此空需要一個句子來引出下文關(guān)于收集行為歷史的內(nèi)容。D選項(xiàng)“Ofcourse,collectingisnotanewphenomenon.(當(dāng)然，收集并不是一個新現(xiàn)象。)”正好符合這一需求，既承接了上文關(guān)于收集行為對大腦有益的描述，又引出了下文關(guān)于收集行為歷史的介紹。故選D。17．根據(jù)前文“Whilethemotivationstocollectarevaried(雖然收集的動機(jī)各不相同)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)收集的動機(jī)各有不同，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該與前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)雖然收集的動機(jī)各不相同，但是卻有著共同點(diǎn)。C選項(xiàng)“theytypicallycenterarounddevelopingamorepositivesenseofself.(它們通常圍繞著培養(yǎng)更積極的自我意識。)”中的they指代前文的motivations，與前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，指出收集動機(jī)雖然各有不同，但是通常圍繞著培養(yǎng)更積極的自我意識，該選項(xiàng)符合語境，故選C。18．根據(jù)后文“Youhavetofigureoutwhereyoucanfindthedesireditems,whatthey’reworth,andhowyouwillorganizeanddisplayyourcollections(你必須弄清楚在哪里可以找到你想要的東西，它們的價值，以及你將如何組織和展示你的收藏)”可知，