2024-2025學(xué)年人教新版高二（上）英語(yǔ)寒假作業(yè)（十一）

第1頁(yè)（共1頁(yè)）2024-2025學(xué)年人教新版高二（上）英語(yǔ)寒假作業(yè)（十一）一．完形填空（共1小題）1．（2023?海南學(xué)業(yè)考試）I'llcallhimPeterbecauseIdidn'tknowhisname.HewasawaiterinarestauranttowhichIhadtakenRobert，myfive﹣year﹣oldson，forhis（1）.Robertworehisnew（2），proudandjoyful.Petergreeteduswarmlyandbroughthis（3）closetoRobert'sleveltotalkwithhim.RobertliftedhisleftfootsoPetercouldseehisbootandthenheaskedPeterto（4）it.BeforeItriedtostophis（5）request，PetergotdowntoRobert'sbootandtookalongsmell.ThenhethankedRobertfor（6）thespecialsmell.RobertsmiledatPeter'sreaction.When（7），Roberttookmoretimethanafast﹣foodcustomershould.Eventually，he（8）anorangejuice.Peterpraisedhis（9），whichbroughtabiggersmiletoRobert'sface.Peterfollowedus（10）withourfoodasthebirthdayboypickedtheperfecttable.Myheartwasfilledwiththanksforthismanwhomademysonfeel（11）.ThoughPeterdidwhatRobertaskedcalmly，Istillcriticized（批評(píng)）Robertforhisimpolitedeed.Petertreatedallcustomerswithextreme（12）andpoliteness.Eightyearslater，RobertcanstillfeelPeter's（13）.Inlife，weoften（14）peoplebymaterialworthoruniversitydegrees.However，thetrue（15）ofapersoncomesfromhowtheytreatothers.（1）A．experimentB．performanceC．graduationD．birthday（2）A．bootsB．clothesC．glassesD．cap（3）A．handsB．faceC．feetD．heart（4）A．cleanB．smellC．describeD．fix（5）A．familiarB．irresponsibleC．rudeD．normal（6）A．sharingB．sufferingC．removingD．collecting（7）A．waitingB．orderingC．listeningD．eating（8）A．putasideB．brokedownC．settledonD．stuckto（9）A．effortB．suggestionC．a(chǎn)ttitudeD．choice（10）A．excitedlyB．worriedlyC．nervouslyD．patiently（11）A．hopefulB．luckyC．successfulD．great（12）A．respectB．courageC．humorD．pride（13）A．kindnessB．honorC．confidenceD．trust（14）A．challengeB．a(chǎn)ffectC．judgeD．serve（15）A．joyB．valueC．giftD．duty二．閱讀理解（共3小題）2．（2021秋?讓胡路區(qū)校級(jí)期末）HendersonIslandintheSouthPacificOceanhasalwaysbeenknownforitsremarkablebiologicaldiversity（生物多樣性）anduntouchedecology（生態(tài)）.Now，theremoteUNESCOWorldHeritagesitethatlies3，100milesfromtheclosesthumansettlementisalsoclaimedtobeoneofthemostpollutedplacesonEarth.JenniferLavers，aresearcherfromtheUniversityofTasmania'sInstituteforMarineandAntarcticStudieswhohasbeenstudyingtheislandforafewyears，saysthetinyislandishometoover38millionpiecesofwaste.Theamountofwasteissurprisingsincetheisland，thelargestofthegroupoffourPitcairnvolcanicislands，hasnoresidentsandisvisitedbyscientistsonlyonceortwiceeverydecade.However，asitturnsout，humansdonotneedtobephysicallypresenttopolluteanarea.Inthiscase，thewasteisbroughtinbytheSouthPacificGyre，anoceancurrent（洋流）thatsendsgarbagemovingthroughtheseatoHenderson.What'sevenworseisthattheunsightlyrubbishscattered（分散）acrosstheisland'ssandybeachesisjustasmallpartoftheiceberg.Accordingtotheresearchers，over68%ofthewasteisburiedunderthesand.Thismeanstheirestimates，basedonthewastefoundupto10centimetersbelowthesand，maybeunderestimatingthefullextentofthepollution.Besidesbeingaesthetically（審美地）unpleasing，thewasteisalsoharmfultotheisland'swildlife.Laversandstudyco﹣authorAlexanderBonddiscoveredseaturtlesthatcometotheislandtolayeggscaughtinsidefishinglines.Thewasteisalsoharmfultoseabirdsandfishthatmistakethecolorfulplasticpiecesforfood.EnvironmentalistslikeBoyanSlat，whofoundedTheOceanCleanupin2011afterdiscovering"morebagsthanfish"whiledivinginGreece，aretryingtocleanupthemess.However，theireffortswillonlymakeadifferenceifwealljointhembyavoidingplasticaltogetherorreusingandrecycling.Unlesswefindwaystochangethesituation，thiseverincreasingpollutionwillcauseaseriousrisktothehealthofourplanetandallitsresidents，includinghumans.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutHendersonIsland？A．Therearenoanimalsonit.B．Therearenopeoplelivingonit.C．It'sknownforitsvariousresources.D．It'sthelargestislandintheSouthPacificOcean.（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．Humanspresencecausedmostofthepollutionontheisland.B．Thevolcaniceruptionandtheclosesthumansettlementleadtothepollution.C．Anoceancurrenthascarriedthegarbagetotheisland.D．Mostoftherubbishisscatteredacrosstheisland'sbeaches.（3）Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout？A．Thelevelofseapollution.B．Theimpactofseawaste.C．Howtodealwithoceantrash.D．Howtoprotecttheisland'swildlife.（4）Whatisthepurposeofthetext？A．Tointroducefamousvolcanicisland.B．Topraiseenvironmentalistsfortheirefforts.C．ToexplaintheeffectsoftheSouthPacificGyre.D．Tocallonpeopletotakeactiononpollution.3．（2022春?臨潼區(qū)校級(jí)月考）Scientistswhostudyglacier（冰川）icehavefoundvirusesnearly15，000yearsoldintwoicesamplestakenfromtheTibetanPlateauinChina.Mostofthoseviruses，whichsurvivedbecausetheyhadremainedfrozen，areunlikeanyvirusesthathavebeenlistedtodate.Thefindingspublishedrecentlycouldhelpscientistsunderstandhowviruseshavedevelopedovercenturies.Forthisstudy，thescientistsalsocreatedanew，ultra﹣cleanmethodofanalyzingmicrobesandvirusesinicewithoutpollutingit.Theresearchersanalyzedicecorestakenin2015fromtheGuliyaicecapinwesternChina.Thecoresarecollectedathighaltitudes—thepeakofGuliya，wherethisiceoriginated，is22，000feetabovesealevel.Theicecorescontainlayersoficethataccumulateyearafteryear，trappingwhateverwasintheatmospherearoundthematthetimeeachlayerfroze.Thoselayerscreateatimelineofsorts，whichscientistshaveusedtounderstandmoreaboutclimatechange，microbes，virusesandgasesthroughouthistory.Researchersdeterminedthattheicewasnearly15，000yearsoldusingacombinationoftraditionalandnew，noveltechniquestodatethisicecore.Whentheyanalyzedtheice，theyfoundgeneticcodesfor33viruses.Fourofthoseviruseshavealreadybeenidentifiedbythescientificcommunity.Butatleast28ofthemarenovel.Abouthalfofthemseemedtohavesurvivedatthetimetheywerefrozennotinspiteoftheice，butbecauseofit."Theseviruseshavesignaturesofgenesthathelptheminfectcellsincoldenvironments—justsurrealgeneticsignaturesforhowavirusisabletosurviveinextremeconditions.Thesearenoteasysignaturestopullout，andthemethodthatZhi﹣Pingdevelopedtoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromthecoresandtostudymicrobesandvirusesinicecouldhelpussearchforthesegeneticorderinotherextremeicyenvironments—Mars，forexample，themoon，orclosertohomeinEarth'sAtacamaDesert."saidMatthewSullivan，co﹣authorofthestudy.（1）Whatisspecialaboutthisstudy？A．Scientistshavefoundtheoldestviruses.B．Theicecoresarefromhighaltitudesonearth.C．Thevirusesarenotpollutedintheanalysis.D．Anewwayofanalyzingtheresultsisadopted.（2）Howdothescientistslearnaboutthevirusesinthehistory？A．Bywatchingtheprocessoficeaccumulation.B．Bystudyingthelayeroftheicesamples.C．Bycollectingwhateverwasintheatmosphere.D．Bycreatingatimelineofclimatechange.（3）Whatisthesignificanceofthestudy？A．Ittellsthecauseofclimatechanges.B．Itwarnspeopleoftheoldviruses.C．Itprovesawaytoremoveviruses.D．Itbenefitsvirusstudyonthemoon.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A．Newly﹣foundoldvirusesintheglacier.B．Geneticcodesofoldvirusesintheglacier.C．Noveltechniquestodateoldviruses.D．StudyofoldvirusesontheMars.4．（2020秋?南通期末）Manyparentsworrythattheirchildren'suseofelectronicdeviceswillbringharmtotheirchildren，sotheysetstrictlimitsontheiruseofelectronicdevices.Butthere'sanotherdevice﹣relateddangerthatparentsmaybecompletelyignoring﹣second﹣handscreentime.Withsecond﹣handscreentime，kidsareindirectlyexposedtoscreensbeingusedbysomeoneelseclosetothem.Watchingparentsusetheirdevicesalotfromanearlyagecanleadchildrentobecomeaddictedtothemastheygrowup，researchsuggests.Also，childrenarelikelytoshowmoreacting﹣outbehaviorswhenparentsspendtoomuchtimeontheirdevices.Often，thisistheonlywaykidscangetaparent'sattention.Spendingtoomuchtimeonelectronicdevices，especiallyinthepresenceofachild，alsosendsthemessagethatthedeviceismoreimportantthanthechild.Thiscanleadtoabreakdownintheparent﹣childrelationship.Thisdoesnotmeanthatparentsshouldnotuseelectronicdeviceswhiletheirchildrenarepresent.Itdoesmeanthatparentsneedtosetlimitsontheirownscreentime，justastheywouldfortheirchildren.Foradults，devicesareoftenanecessarypartoftheirwork，aswellaspersonaltasksandactivities.Whilecuttingdownontheirscreentimemaynotbeeasy，itisworththeeffort.Parentscannowtakesomepracticalstepstogetstarted.Oneofthesimplestissettingupcertaintimesandplaceswheredeviceswon'tbeused.Forexample，device﹣freemealtimesareimportantformanyreasons，andthisisaneasywaytolimittheuse.Otherideasincludenotusingdevicesintherestroom，whenhavingaconversationwithsomeone，orwhenplayinggameswiththekids.Inaddition，parentsshouldnotuse"doasIsay，notasIdo"tosendconfusingmessagestotheirchildren.Wecantellkidsthatit'simportanttocurbtheirdeviceuse，butiftheirexperiencewithparentsfrominfancyoniswatchingthemusedevicesfrequently，theyaremuchmorelikelytofollowthatmodel.Therefore，parentsshouldsettherightexamplefortheirchildren.（1）Whatmightcausesecond﹣handscreentime？A．Children'soveruseofelectronicdevices.B．Watchingparentsusetheirdevicesalot.C．Strictlimitsonchildren'suseofdevices.D．Seeingstrangersdirectlyexposedtoscreens.（2）Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A．Therisksofsecond﹣handscreentime.B．Theformsofsecond﹣handscreentime.C．Thecausesofsecond﹣handscreentime.D．Thefeaturesofsecond﹣handscreentime.（3）Whatshouldparentsdotoimprovethesituation？A．Saynototheuseofelectronicdevices.B．Makeanefforttoplaygameswithkids.C．Trytoreducetheamountofscreentime.D．Findmorereasonstohavemealswithkids.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtoexplainthelastparagraph？A．Itisbettertoteachbyexamplethanbyspeech.B．Hewhodoesnotlistentotheoldmanlosesatsight.C．Nothingisimpossible（ordifficult）tothemanwhowilltry.D．Knowledgewillnotbeacquiredwithoutpainandapplication.三．信息匹配（共1小題）5．UrbanizationUntilrelativelyrecently，thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5，500yearsago.（1）Infact，nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural（鄉(xiāng)村的）villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.Britainwasonlythebeginning.（2）Theprocessofurbanization—themigration（遷徙）ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization，whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.In1900，fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today，over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.（3）Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties，ittookaboutninety﹣fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.（4）Untilmoderntimes，thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite（精英）andtheservants，laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.Overthepasttwocenturies，theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.（5）Today，insteadofneedingninety﹣fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople，oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon﹣farmers.A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecameurbansocieties.E.Buteven200yearsago，onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.G.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.四．語(yǔ)法填空（共1小題）6．Mostofusarefamiliarwiththe"SilkRoad"，anetworkoflandtradingrouteswhichconnectednorthwesternChinatoEuropesincetheHanDynasty.Withitsrecent（1）（popular），youmayhaveheardofthe"AncientTeaHorseRoad"aswell，anothernetworkoflandtradingroutesthatconnectedChinatovarious（2）（part）ofAsiaandEuropebeforesailingbecamecommon.Historically，the"AncientTeaHorseRoad"isnoless（3）（value）thanthe"SilkRoad".Andbecauseoftheirrespectivelocations（位置），sometimesthe"AncientTeaHorseRoad"（4）（refer）toasthe"SouthernSilkRoad".The"AncientTeaHorseRoad"gotitsnameasChineseteaandhorseswerethemainproducts（5）（buy）andsoldalongtheroute.Historianshavetracedtheoriginsofthe"AncientTeaHorseRoad"backtotheTangDynasty，（6）teawasbeingtransportedoutofYunnantoBeijing，Tibet，andotherplaces.The"AncientTeaHorseRoad"was（7）（far）developedduringtheSongandMingDynasties，andremained（8）busytradingrouteallyearrounduntiltheQingDynasty.The"AncientTeaHorseRoad"served（9）notonlyatradingroute，butalsoabridgeconnectingdifferentraces—suchasHanandtheTibetanpeople.Itislocatednearthe"RoofoftheWorld"，andiswheremanyethnicgroupsarelocated，（10）（make）itaspotofmanyattractions.五．詞匯應(yīng)用（共5小題）7．n.警告；警示；先兆8．a(chǎn)dj.不斷的；重復(fù)的；不變的n.常數(shù)；常量9．n.幻想；想象10．a(chǎn)dj.可獲得的；可購(gòu)得的；（人）有空的11．（2024?方城縣校級(jí)開(kāi)學(xué)）n.生活方式六．書(shū)面表達(dá)（共2小題）12．假設(shè)你是李華，北京歡樂(lè)谷主題公園請(qǐng)你為他們的主題區(qū)"失落的瑪雅（LostMaya）"寫(xiě)一個(gè)英文指南，內(nèi)容包括以下幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)：1）背景知識(shí)：瑪雅是一個(gè)古老的民族，他們?cè)谥忻乐藿⑦^(guò)燦爛的文明（civilization）。到公元六至八世紀(jì)，瑪雅文明突然消失，原因至今未明。2）主題活動(dòng)：在"失落的瑪雅"主題區(qū)，您將有機(jī)會(huì)與偉大的探險(xiǎn)家諾曼博士（Dr.Norman）一起，重新發(fā)現(xiàn)瑪雅遺跡，探索瑪雅文明失落的秘密。注意：1）詞數(shù)80左右；2）可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。13．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫(xiě)的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。MysisterPriscillaandIjustcamebackfromaweek﹣longvacationinPortugalwithlotsofphotos.I'llremembersomanywonderfulthingsaboutmytriptothecitiesofLisbonandPorto，butoneexperienceinparticularsticksout，somethingthathappenedonourlastnightinLisbon.Beforethetrip，Iputtogetheraverydetailedrouteofplacestosee.Oneofthemust﹣visitplacesonmylistwasLivrariadoSimao，thesmallestbookstoreinLisbon.OnourveryfirstdayinLisbon，PriscillaandIsearchedforit.Wefoundtheoldestbookstoreintheworld.Butthesmallestonewasimpossibletofind!Backatthehotel，wherewehadWi﹣Fi，Ilookedthebookstoreupagain，hopingwe'dhavetimetofinditonanotherday.Butourschedulewasdelayed，andweprobablywouldn'thavetimetolookforit.OnourlastfulldayinLisbon，PriscillaandItookadaytriptoCascais，acoastaltownoutsidethecity.Wedecided，atthelastminute，tovisitahistoricfleamarket（跳蚤市場(chǎng)）.Wewalkedforaboutanhour，upmanysteephills.Whenwefinallyreachedthemarket，completelyoutofbreath，allthesellerswereclosingupshop.Nottomentionthatwewerebothtiredandhungry.PriscillaandIarguedoverthedirections.Iinsistedweturnright，whichendedupbeinganotherbaddecision.Weclimbedupmoresteephills，fartherandfartherawayfromanyareawerecognized.WemadeanotherrightturnontoarandomstreetandPriscillastoppedtocheckthemap.Meanwhile，Ilookedupatthestreetsign，RuadaMadalena.I'dheardthatnamebefore.Wecontinuedalittlefartherupthestreet，andIspottedafewpeoplehangingoutinalane.Therewassomethingparticularlyfamiliaraboutthescene.Ilookedcloser.Therewasasmallstorepracticallyhiddeninthelane.Ithadbooksinitswindows.Paragraph1：Ohmygoodness!Thebookstore！_________Paragraph2：Soon，itwastimeforustosaygoodbye._________

2024-2025學(xué)年人教新版高二（上）英語(yǔ)寒假作業(yè)（十一）參考答案與試題解析一．完形填空（共1小題）1．（2023?海南學(xué)業(yè)考試）I'llcallhimPeterbecauseIdidn'tknowhisname.HewasawaiterinarestauranttowhichIhadtakenRobert，myfive﹣year﹣oldson，forhis（1）D.Robertworehisnew（2）A，proudandjoyful.Petergreeteduswarmlyandbroughthis（3）BclosetoRobert'sleveltotalkwithhim.RobertliftedhisleftfootsoPetercouldseehisbootandthenheaskedPeterto（4）Bit.BeforeItriedtostophis（5）Crequest，PetergotdowntoRobert'sbootandtookalongsmell.ThenhethankedRobertfor（6）Athespecialsmell.RobertsmiledatPeter'sreaction.When（7）B，Roberttookmoretimethanafast﹣foodcustomershould.Eventually，he（8）Canorangejuice.Peterpraisedhis（9）D，whichbroughtabiggersmiletoRobert'sface.Peterfollowedus（10）Dwithourfoodasthebirthdayboypickedtheperfecttable.Myheartwasfilledwiththanksforthismanwhomademysonfeel（11）D.ThoughPeterdidwhatRobertaskedcalmly，Istillcriticized（批評(píng)）Robertforhisimpolitedeed.Petertreatedallcustomerswithextreme（12）Aandpoliteness.Eightyearslater，RobertcanstillfeelPeter's（13）A.Inlife，weoften（14）Cpeoplebymaterialworthoruniversitydegrees.However，thetrue（15）Bofapersoncomesfromhowtheytreatothers.（1）A．experimentB．performanceC．graduationD．birthday（2）A．bootsB．clothesC．glassesD．cap（3）A．handsB．faceC．feetD．heart（4）A．cleanB．smellC．describeD．fix（5）A．familiarB．irresponsibleC．rudeD．normal（6）A．sharingB．sufferingC．removingD．collecting（7）A．waitingB．orderingC．listeningD．eating（8）A．putasideB．brokedownC．settledonD．stuckto（9）A．effortB．suggestionC．a(chǎn)ttitudeD．choice（10）A．excitedlyB．worriedlyC．nervouslyD．patiently（11）A．hopefulB．luckyC．successfulD．great（12）A．respectB．courageC．humorD．pride（13）A．kindnessB．honorC．confidenceD．trust（14）A．challengeB．a(chǎn)ffectC．judgeD．serve（15）A．joyB．valueC．giftD．duty【答案】（1）﹣（5）DABBC（6）﹣（10）ABCDD（11）﹣（15）DAACB【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。講述的是作者帶著自己的孩子羅伯特去一家餐廳過(guò)生日。在餐廳中遇到了一位耐心無(wú)比的服務(wù)員皮特。皮特以尊重和禮貌對(duì)待所有的客人，他的善意一直影響著作者的兒子。通過(guò)此事，讓作者明白的是在生活中，我們經(jīng)常用物質(zhì)價(jià)值或大學(xué)學(xué)位來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)一個(gè)人，然而，一個(gè)人真正的價(jià)值來(lái)自于他們?nèi)绾螌?duì)待別人?！窘獯稹浚?）D.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；B.performance表演；C.graduation畢業(yè)；D.birthday生日。句意：他是一家餐廳的服務(wù)員，我?guī)椅鍤q的兒子羅伯特去那里過(guò)生日。羅伯特穿著他的新靴子，驕傲而快樂(lè)。根據(jù)后文的"Peterfolloweduswithourfoodasthebirthdayboypickedtheperfecttable."可知，是羅伯特過(guò)生日。故選D。（2）A.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.boots靴子；B.clothes衣服；C.glasses眼鏡；D.cap帽子。句意：他是一家餐廳的服務(wù)員，我?guī)椅鍤q的兒子羅伯特去那里過(guò)生日。羅伯特穿著他的新靴子，驕傲而快樂(lè)。根據(jù)后文的"RobertliftedhisleftfootsoPetercouldseehisboot."可知，羅伯特穿著新靴子。故選A。（3）B.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.hands雙手；B.face臉；C.feet腳；D.heart心臟。句意：皮特?zé)崆榈睾臀覀兇蛘泻?，把臉貼近羅伯特的高度和他交談。根據(jù)前文的"Petergreeteduswarmly"可知，是皮特把臉貼近羅伯特，跟他交談。故選B。（4）B.考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.clean清理；B.smell聞；C.describe描述；D.fix修理。句意：羅伯特抬起左腳，讓皮特看到他的靴子，然后他讓皮特聞一聞。根據(jù)后文"PetergotdowntoRobert'sbootandtookalongsmell."可知，羅伯特是讓皮特去聞一聞靴子。故選B。（5）C.考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.familiar熟悉的；B.irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的；C.rude粗魯?shù)?；D.normal正式的。句意：我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及阻止羅伯特粗魯?shù)恼?qǐng)求，皮特就走到羅伯特的靴子前，聞了聞。按照常識(shí)，讓別人聞自己的靴子，這是粗魯?shù)男袨?。故選C。（6）A.考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.sharing分享；B.suffering遭受；C.removing移走；D.collecting收集。句意：然后他感謝羅伯特分享了這種特殊的氣味。羅伯特看到皮特的反應(yīng)笑了。根據(jù)前文"PetergotdowntoRobert'sbootandtookalongsmell"可知，皮特配合羅伯特的要求，此處應(yīng)該是他感謝羅伯特讓他聞靴子的味道，感謝他的分享。故選A項(xiàng)。（7）B.考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.waiting等待；B.ordering點(diǎn)菜；C.listening聽(tīng)；D.eating吃。句意：點(diǎn)菜時(shí)，羅伯特花的時(shí)間比一個(gè)快餐顧客應(yīng)該花的時(shí)間多。根據(jù)后文"Eventually，heanorangejuice."可知，羅伯特點(diǎn)菜的時(shí)候花了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。故選B。（8）C.考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)境理解。A.putaside擱置；B.brokedown垮了；C.settleddown決定；D.stuckto堅(jiān)持。句意：最后，他決定喝橙汁。根據(jù)前文"When，Roberttookmoretimethanafast﹣foodcustomershould"可知，羅伯特在點(diǎn)餐的時(shí)候花了很多時(shí)間，最終決定喝橙汁。故選C。（9）D.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.effort努力；B.suggestion建議；C.attitude態(tài)度；D.choice選擇。句意：皮特稱(chēng)贊了他的選擇，這讓羅伯特的臉上露出了更大的笑容。根據(jù)前文的"Eventually，heanorangejuice."可知，皮特很贊同羅伯特選擇橙汁的這個(gè)選擇。故選D。（10）D.考查副詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.excited利用興奮地；B.worriedly擔(dān)心地；C.nervously緊張地；D.patiently耐心地。句意：當(dāng)小壽星挑選最合適的桌子時(shí)，彼得耐心地端著食物跟在我們后面。根據(jù)前文"Peterfollowedus"可知，皮特一直跟隨著我們，這是耐心的體現(xiàn)。故選D。（11）D.考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.hopeful充滿(mǎn)希望的；B.lucky幸運(yùn)的；C.successful成功的；D.great好的。句意：我的內(nèi)心充滿(mǎn)了對(duì)這個(gè)男人的感謝，他讓我的兒子感覺(jué)很棒。根據(jù)前文的"whichbroughtabiggersmiletoRobert'sface."可知，皮特所做的一切都讓羅伯特很開(kāi)心，作為家長(zhǎng)的我，內(nèi)心對(duì)皮特充滿(mǎn)感激。故選D。（12）A.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.respect尊敬；B.courage勇氣；C.humor幽默；D.pride驕傲。句意：皮特對(duì)所有的顧客都非常尊重和禮貌。根據(jù)皮特對(duì)待顧客的表現(xiàn)可知，皮特以尊重和禮貌對(duì)待所有的客人。故選A。（13）A.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.kindness善良；B.honor榮耀；C.confidence自信；D.trust信任。句意：八年后，羅伯特仍然能感受到皮特的善良。根據(jù)前文皮特耐心的對(duì)待羅伯特，處處是善良的體現(xiàn)。故選A。（14）C.考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.affect影響；C.judge判斷；D.serve服務(wù)。句意：在生活中，我們經(jīng)常用物質(zhì)價(jià)值或大學(xué)學(xué)位來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)一個(gè)人。根據(jù)后文的"bymaterialworthoruniversitydegrees"可知，我們通常是以物質(zhì)價(jià)值或者教育程度來(lái)評(píng)判別人。故選C。（15）B.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.joy快樂(lè)；B.value價(jià)值；C.gift禮物；D.duty責(zé)任。句意：然而，一個(gè)人真正的價(jià)值來(lái)自于他們?nèi)绾螌?duì)待別人。根據(jù)前文的"bymaterialworthoruniversitydegrees"以及后文的"however"可知，二者構(gòu)成的是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，即不要以物質(zhì)價(jià)值和教育程度來(lái)評(píng)判別人，一個(gè)人真正的價(jià)值體現(xiàn)在他如何對(duì)待別人。故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】完形填空考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。做題時(shí)，要先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)閱讀文章，選擇最適合語(yǔ)境的詞，注意上下文的呼應(yīng)及語(yǔ)境。二．閱讀理解（共3小題）2．（2021秋?讓胡路區(qū)校級(jí)期末）HendersonIslandintheSouthPacificOceanhasalwaysbeenknownforitsremarkablebiologicaldiversity（生物多樣性）anduntouchedecology（生態(tài)）.Now，theremoteUNESCOWorldHeritagesitethatlies3，100milesfromtheclosesthumansettlementisalsoclaimedtobeoneofthemostpollutedplacesonEarth.JenniferLavers，aresearcherfromtheUniversityofTasmania'sInstituteforMarineandAntarcticStudieswhohasbeenstudyingtheislandforafewyears，saysthetinyislandishometoover38millionpiecesofwaste.Theamountofwasteissurprisingsincetheisland，thelargestofthegroupoffourPitcairnvolcanicislands，hasnoresidentsandisvisitedbyscientistsonlyonceortwiceeverydecade.However，asitturnsout，humansdonotneedtobephysicallypresenttopolluteanarea.Inthiscase，thewasteisbroughtinbytheSouthPacificGyre，anoceancurrent（洋流）thatsendsgarbagemovingthroughtheseatoHenderson.What'sevenworseisthattheunsightlyrubbishscattered（分散）acrosstheisland'ssandybeachesisjustasmallpartoftheiceberg.Accordingtotheresearchers，over68%ofthewasteisburiedunderthesand.Thismeanstheirestimates，basedonthewastefoundupto10centimetersbelowthesand，maybeunderestimatingthefullextentofthepollution.Besidesbeingaesthetically（審美地）unpleasing，thewasteisalsoharmfultotheisland'swildlife.Laversandstudyco﹣authorAlexanderBonddiscoveredseaturtlesthatcometotheislandtolayeggscaughtinsidefishinglines.Thewasteisalsoharmfultoseabirdsandfishthatmistakethecolorfulplasticpiecesforfood.EnvironmentalistslikeBoyanSlat，whofoundedTheOceanCleanupin2011afterdiscovering"morebagsthanfish"whiledivinginGreece，aretryingtocleanupthemess.However，theireffortswillonlymakeadifferenceifwealljointhembyavoidingplasticaltogetherorreusingandrecycling.Unlesswefindwaystochangethesituation，thiseverincreasingpollutionwillcauseaseriousrisktothehealthofourplanetandallitsresidents，includinghumans.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutHendersonIsland？BA．Therearenoanimalsonit.B．Therearenopeoplelivingonit.C．It'sknownforitsvariousresources.D．It'sthelargestislandintheSouthPacificOcean.（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？CA．Humanspresencecausedmostofthepollutionontheisland.B．Thevolcaniceruptionandtheclosesthumansettlementleadtothepollution.C．Anoceancurrenthascarriedthegarbagetotheisland.D．Mostoftherubbishisscatteredacrosstheisland'sbeaches.（3）Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout？BA．Thelevelofseapollution.B．Theimpactofseawaste.C．Howtodealwithoceantrash.D．Howtoprotecttheisland'swildlife.（4）Whatisthepurposeofthetext？DA．Tointroducefamousvolcanicisland.B．Topraiseenvironmentalistsfortheirefforts.C．ToexplaintheeffectsoftheSouthPacificGyre.D．Tocallonpeopletotakeactiononpollution.【答案】BCBD【分析】本文為說(shuō)明文，文章說(shuō)明了南太平洋的亨德森島的垃圾污染情非常嚴(yán)重，以至于在沙子以下10厘米處都發(fā)現(xiàn)了垃圾，并且號(hào)召我們找方法解決垃圾污染問(wèn)題，否則這種日益嚴(yán)重的污染將對(duì)地球以及所有生物的健康造成嚴(yán)重威脅。【解答】（1）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Theamountofwasteissurprisinggiventhattheisland，thelargestofthegroupoffourPitcairnvolcanicislands，hasnoresidentsandisvisitedbyscientistsonlyonceortwiceeverydecade.（數(shù)目令人驚訝的垃圾被運(yùn)送到這個(gè)島嶼，這個(gè)島嶼是四個(gè)皮特凱恩火山島中最大的一個(gè)，島上沒(méi)有居民，科學(xué)家每十年才造訪一到兩次。）可知，沒(méi)有人類(lèi)居住在亨德森島上，故選B。（2）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的However，asitturnsout，humansdonotneedtobephysicallypresenttopolluteanarea.Inthiscase，thewasteisbroughtinbytheSouthPacificGyre，anoceancurrentthatsendsgarbagemovingthroughtheseatoHenderson.（然而，事實(shí)證明，人類(lèi)不需要親自出現(xiàn)就能污染一個(gè)地區(qū)。在這種情況下，垃圾是由南太平洋環(huán)流帶入的，這是一種洋流，它會(huì)把垃圾通過(guò)海洋輸送到亨德森島嶼）可知，洋流可以把垃圾帶到亨德森島上。故選C。（3）B.段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段"Besidesbeingaesthetically（審美地）unpleasing，thewasteisalsoharmfultotheisland'swildlife.Laversandstudyco﹣authorAlexanderBonddiscoveredseaturtlesthatcometotheislandtolayeggscaughtinsidefishinglines.Thewasteisalsoharmfultoseabirdsandfishthatmistakethecolorfulplasticpiecesforfood."（除了不美觀，這些垃圾對(duì)島上的野生動(dòng)物也是有害的。Lavers和研究合著者AlexanderBond發(fā)現(xiàn)，來(lái)島上產(chǎn)卵的海龜被魚(yú)線纏住。垃圾對(duì)錯(cuò)把彩色塑料當(dāng)成食物的海鳥(niǎo)和魚(yú)也有危害）可知，本段主要講的是海洋垃圾對(duì)亨德森島的環(huán)境和野生動(dòng)物造成的嚴(yán)重影響，故選B。（4）D.寫(xiě)作目的題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Unlesswefindwaystochangethesituation，thiseverincreasingpollutionwillcauseaseriousrisktothehealthofourplanetandallitsresidents，includinghumans.（除非我們找到，改變這種情況的方法，否則這種日益嚴(yán)重的污染將對(duì)我們的地球及地球其所有的居住者的健康造成嚴(yán)重威脅，包括人類(lèi)）可知，文章的目的是呼吁人們對(duì)污染采取行動(dòng)，否則對(duì)地球和人類(lèi)造成嚴(yán)重影響。故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類(lèi)題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來(lái)分析。3．（2022春?臨潼區(qū)校級(jí)月考）Scientistswhostudyglacier（冰川）icehavefoundvirusesnearly15，000yearsoldintwoicesamplestakenfromtheTibetanPlateauinChina.Mostofthoseviruses，whichsurvivedbecausetheyhadremainedfrozen，areunlikeanyvirusesthathavebeenlistedtodate.Thefindingspublishedrecentlycouldhelpscientistsunderstandhowviruseshavedevelopedovercenturies.Forthisstudy，thescientistsalsocreatedanew，ultra﹣cleanmethodofanalyzingmicrobesandvirusesinicewithoutpollutingit.Theresearchersanalyzedicecorestakenin2015fromtheGuliyaicecapinwesternChina.Thecoresarecollectedathighaltitudes—thepeakofGuliya，wherethisiceoriginated，is22，000feetabovesealevel.Theicecorescontainlayersoficethataccumulateyearafteryear，trappingwhateverwasintheatmospherearoundthematthetimeeachlayerfroze.Thoselayerscreateatimelineofsorts，whichscientistshaveusedtounderstandmoreaboutclimatechange，microbes，virusesand