2022天津西青區(qū)高考英語閱讀理解專題一輪練習(xí)(5)及答案

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。LeadersoftheWorldHealthOrganizationsaytheyareconcernedabouttheairqualityandhealthefiectsoncitizensduringarecentoutbreakofheavypollutioninBeijing．Still，theysaidtheywereunsureoftheexactamounttheairpollutiontakesonanyperson’sbody，castingdoubtsonlocalreportstyingthearea’sdirtyairtoparticularcasesofillness．Speakingatabriefing(狀況介紹會)onTuesday，theWHO’sWesternPacificregionaldirector，ShinYoung—Soo，cited(列舉)reportsaboutpoorairqualitycausinglungcancerinrecentweeks.“TheWHOisskepticaloftheinformation，”shesaid．“We’recautiousofwhethertheillnessisrelatedtoairpo11ution.Weknowithasanimpactonhealth，butwedon’tknowhowmuch．”Theofficialsdidn’tciteparticularreports．Thecommentsfollowanumberofarticlessincelatelastyearconnectingsomecasesofdiseaseslikelungcancerwithpollution，．includingoneinNovemberregardingan8-year-oldgirl．ThehealthimpactofBeijing’sgrayskieshasbeenonthemindsofmanyoverthepastweek。LocalauthoritiesonTuesdaypreservedanorangealert(警報)一thecity’ssecondhighestpollution-warninglevel—andagainwarnedpeopletostayindoors．Expertswidelyagreethatsmallparticulates(顆粒)knownasPM2.5carrysignificantshort-andlong-termhealthrisks，particularlywithchildren．Otherstudiesfindacertainlinkbetweenpollutionandshorterlifespans。ChinesestatemediahavenotedariseincancerlevelsinBeijing,withoutspecifying(具體說明)whetherthenewcasesarethemainresultofpollution,smoking,othersourcesorsomecombination．BernhardSchwartlander，theorganization’sChinachief，saidheisconcernedandhasbeenincontactwithnationalauthorities．“Thereisnoeasysolution,”Dr.Schwartlaindersaid，addingthatsolvingtheproblemrequiresmanagingindustryandtheeconomy．WHOleadersadvisedcitizens．tostayindoorsandlimitexposuretotheharmfulparticulates．Whenaskedifwearingafacemaskhasanyprovenefficacyinpreventinghealtheffectsofairpollution，Dr.Schwartlaindersaid，“Whateveryoudo，it’sbetterthannothing.”1．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A．incaseofanorangealert,wehadbetternotgooutsideB．thecaseofthegirlwithlungcancerwaslittle’linkedtoairpollutionC．cancerlevelsinBeijingarerisingduetoheavyairpollutionD．itiswidelyagreedthatpollutionshortenslifespansveryslightly2．AccordingtoDr．Schwartlander，thewaystosolvetheprobleminclude.A．contactingthenationalauthoritiesB．beingexposedlesstoharmfulparticulatesC．managingtheenterpriseandeconomyD．preventinghealtheffectsofpollution3．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．ThedangersofheavypollutionB．TheimpactsofpollutiononhealthC．TheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmentD．Theuncertaintyofrelationshipbetweenpollutionandhealth【參考答案】1—3、ACDPassageEight(TheImprovingEconomicSituationInGreece)

Greece,economically,isintheblack.Withverylittletoexportotherthansuchfarmproductsastobacco,cottonandfruit,thecountryearnsenoughfrom‘invisibleearnings’topayforitsneeded,growingimports.FromthesendingoutofthingstheGreeks,earnonly$285million;fromtourism,shippingandtheremittancesofGreeksabroad,thecountrytakesinanadditional#375millionandthiswashesoutthealmost$400millionbywhichimportsexceedexports.

Ithasabalancedbudget.Althoughmorethanonedrachmaoutoffourgoesfordefense,thegovernmentendedarecentyearwithaslightsurplus--$66million.Greecehasadecentreserveofalmostathirdofabilliondollarsingoldandforeignexchange.Ithasagovernmentnotdependentoncoalescingincompatiblepartiestoobtainparliamentarymajorities.

Inthussummarizingafewhappyhighlights,Idon’tmeantominimizethevastextentofGreece’sproblems.ItisthepoorestcountrybyawidemargininFreeEurope,andpovertyiswidespread.Atbestanannualincomeof$60to$70isthelotofmanyapeasant,andsubstantialunemploymentplaguesthecountryside,cities,andtownsofGreece.Therearefewnaturalresourcesonwhichtobuildanysubstantialindustrialbase.SomeyearsagoIwrotehere:

“GreekstatesmanshipwillhavetocreateanatmosphereinwhichhomeandforeignsavingswillwillinglyseekinvestmentopportunitiesinthebackwardeconomyofGreece.Sofar,mostAmericanandotherforeignattempthaveboggeddownintheGreekgovernment’sredtapeandshrewdnessaboutsmallpoints.”

Greatstrideshavebeenmade.Asfarbackas1956,expandingtourismseemedalogicalwaytobringneededforeigncurrenciesandadditionaljobstoGreece.AtthattimeItalkedwiththeHiltonHotelpeople,whohadbeenexamininghotelpossibilities,andtotheGreekgovernmentdivisionresponsibleforthisareaoftheeconomy.Theywerehopelesslydeadlockedinalmosttotaldifferencesofopinionandoutlook.

Todaymostoftheincrediblyvaried,beautiful,historicalsightsofGreecehavenew,ifinmanycasesmodest,touristfacilities.Tourismitselfhasjumpedfromapproximately$31milliontoover$90million.ThereisbothamagnificentnewHiltonHotelinAthensandacompletelymodernized,greatlyexpandedGrandeBretagne,aswellasotherfirst-ratenewhotels.AndtheadventofjetshasmadeAthensasaccessibleasParisorRome–withoutthesky-highpricesoftraffic-chokedstreetsofeither.

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis

[A]Greekincomeandexpenditures.

TheimprovingeconomicsituationinGreece.

[C]Thevalueoftourism.

[D]Militaryexpenditures.

2.Manypeasantsearnlessthan

[A]$60aweek.

$2aweek.

[C]$1aday.

[D]$10amonth.

3.TheGreekGovernmentspends

[A]morethan25%ofitsbudgetonmilitaryterms.

Morethanitscollects.

[C]Athirdofabilliondollarsingold.

[D]Lessthan25%ofitsbudgetonmilitaryterms.

4.Accordingtothepassage,Greecehas

[A]adictatorship.

amonarchy.

[C]asinglemajorityparty.

[D]toomuchredtape.

5.Greeceimportsannuallygoodsandmaterials

[A]totalingalmost$700million.

thatbalanceexports.

[C]thatarepaidbytourists.

[D]costing$66million.

Vocabulary

1.remittance

匯款（額）

2.washout

洗掉，取消、告吹、沖掉、筋疲力盡

3.drachma

古希臘銀幣

德拉克馬（現(xiàn)代希臘貨幣單位）

4.lot

份額

5.incompatible

水火不相容的，不能共存的

6.coalesce

（政黨）聯(lián)合，愈合，接合

7.highlight

光線最強處，最重要部分，最精彩場面

8.margin

（成本和售價的）差額，空白，邊緣

9.bogdown

陷于逆境，使停頓

10.redtape

官樣文章，煩瑣和拖拉的公務(wù)程序

11.shrewdness

清明，機靈

12.deadlock

僵局，僵持；使陷于僵局

難句譯注

1.

Greece,economicallyisintheblack.

【參考譯文】希臘經(jīng)濟上說是贏利/富有的

2.

Withverylittleexportotherthansuchfarmproductsastobacco,cottonandfruit,thecountryearnsenoughfrominvisibleearningstopayitsneeded,growingimports.

【參考譯文】除了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，如煙草、棉花和水果之外，希臘沒有什么出口貨，但它從“無形的收益”中掙不少，足夠致富所需的一切――日益增長的進口貨。

3.

Thiswashesoutalmost$400millionbywhichimportsexceedexports.

【參考譯文】這筆錢沖掉了進口超過出口近4億美元的差額。

4.

SofarmostAmericanandotherforeignattemptshaveboggeddownintheGreekgovernment’sredtapeandshrewdnessaboutsmallpoints.

【參考譯文】到目前為止由于希臘政府那種繁瑣而又拖拉的公務(wù)程序和對小事的精明，大多數(shù)美國和其他國家的嘗試的工作都陷入逆境。

5.

Theywerehopelesslydeadlockedinalmosttotaldifferencesofopinionandoutlook.

【參考譯文】他們無望地陷于意見和觀點完全分歧的僵局之中。

6.

AndtheadventofjetshasmadeAthensasaccessibleasParisandRome–withoutthesky-highpricesoftrafficchockedstreetsofeither.

【參考譯文】噴氣式飛機的進展使雅典和巴黎、羅馬一樣很簡潔到達，卻沒有那兩個城市的交通堵塞的接到的昂揚代價。

寫作方法與文章大意

這是一篇以過去和現(xiàn)在對比的手法，論述了希臘經(jīng)濟，主要是旅游業(yè)的進展。過去，希臘以無形資產(chǎn)贏得之利潤，來消退赤字，還可稍有節(jié)余。但貧困、事業(yè)狀況嚴峻，政府辦事拖拉、繁瑣也影響國外的投資，雖然早在1956年就預(yù)備擴展旅游業(yè)，但意見分歧。現(xiàn)在，狀況大變，就旅游一項年收入由3100萬增至9000萬美元。

答案詳解

1.

B希臘經(jīng)濟形式的改善。文章圍繞這一中心而寫。文章一開頭就提出希臘出口除了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品之外，沒有什么東西，而無形資產(chǎn)如旅游、運輸和國外的匯款等可掙得37500萬美元。兩項加在一起來抵消入超赤字近4億美元，稍有結(jié)余。第三段指出，希臘是自由歐洲最窮的國家，很多農(nóng)夫年收入為60－70美元。失業(yè)現(xiàn)象席卷城市鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)，建立工業(yè)基地的自然資源極少。政府的繁瑣事務(wù)程序，關(guān)注瑣事等狀況使美國和其他國家試圖開放工作陷于停滯狀態(tài)。第四段開頭指出1956年起開拓旅游業(yè)，不過意見還是分歧。第五斷提出今日驚人的變化，秀麗的歷史古城呈現(xiàn)新貌，就旅游一項收入由3100萬增至9000萬美元。旅館面貌大變。

A.希臘的收支。C.旅游的價值。D.軍事費用。

2.

B少于2美元一星期。文章第三段第三句：最佳狀況，年收入為60－70美元使大多數(shù)農(nóng)夫的份額。所以B項最接近年收入。

A.60美元一星期。C.一天一美元。D.一個月10美元。

3.

A百分之25以上用于軍事。其次段：雖然四個德拉克馬中有一個用于國防，政府最終還稍有結(jié)余――6600萬美元。

B.比收入的還多。C.十億金子中的三分之一。D.少于百分之25。

4.

C單一大黨。其次段：希臘的政府不依靠水火不相容的政黨之間的合作來取得一會的多數(shù)席位，這說明是單一大黨。

A.獨裁、專政。B.君主政體。D.太多的繁瑣程序。

5.

A總計幾乎在7億美元左右。第一段中提到希臘出口商品價值28500萬美元，而進口超出出口4億美元。兩者相加為6億2千5百萬美元，相當于幾乎在7億美元左右。

B.和出口平衡。C.由旅游者支付。D.花費6600萬美元?！?021界上海市寶山區(qū)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測】閱讀理解WeAreNowOpenDailythruColumbusDayThemuseumandstoreareopenfrom10a.m.to5p.m.throughouttheseason.Trolleyridesstartwiththefirstdepartureat10:05a.m.andcontinueuntiltheendofthedaywiththelastridebeingat4:15p.m..WeareopenRainorShine!April30toMay21May28toOctober10October15toOctober30OpenSaturdaysandSundaysOnlyOpenEveryDayOpenSaturdaysandSundaysOnlyIceCream&SunsetTrolleyRideSpecial($3.50perperson)At7:30p.m.,everyWednesdayandThursdayeveninginJulyandAugust,joinusforaspecialsunsettrolleyridewithice-creamincluded.Bringthewholefamily!RegularFaresSeniorCitizens:$5.50Adults:$7.50Children(Ages6—16):$5.00Children5andunder:FreeDiscountsareavailablefortourgroups.Admissionincludesunlimitedtrolleyrides,accesstotheMuseumGroundsandExhibits,anduseofourpicnicareastoenjoyyourownpicniclunch.69.FromnowontoColumbusDay,themuseumisopen_____.A.onlyonSundaysandSaturdaysB.onsunnydaysC.everydayD.alloftheabove70.Ifafamilyof4persons—onesenior,acoupleanda12-year-oldboy—aretakingasunsettrolleyride,howmuchisthetotaladmissionfee?A.$18. B.$25.5. C.$33. D.$39.5.71.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadmission?A.Unlimitedsunsettrolleyride.B.AccesstotheMuseumGrounds.C.AvisittotheMuseumExhibits.D.Auseofthemuseumpicnicareas.【參考答案】69—71CBA【2021界上海市寶山區(qū)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測】Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds”tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhaveit,lookatthemold(霉)onapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoftoughtrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal—andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovationandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.“Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere’snoparticulargoodnessindoingthingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone.”WroteRudolphFlesch,alanguageauthority.Thisaccountsforourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcasesonwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:“Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefore?”Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththeproposalthatnothingbeasitappears.Innovatorswillnotacceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,theaveragepersonwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovatorwillsearchforalterna