第11-講-必修一Unit5-詞匯和閱讀-(外研版2019必修第一冊)(原卷版)

第11講Unit5Intothewild（詞匯與閱讀）【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】提前預(yù)習(xí)新外研版必修一Unit5的重點詞匯和閱讀掌握中高考閱讀理解區(qū)別和題型解題技巧掌握常見三種構(gòu)詞法【基礎(chǔ)知識】一．重點詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1.annualadj.2.seekv.3.measurev.4.determinev.5.crashv.6.destroyv.7.amazingadj.8.solutionn.9.mysteryn.10.effectn.11.chemicaln.12.eventuallyadv.13.breathtakingadj.14.shockv.15.sourcen.16.foundn.17.recoveryn.18.varietyn.19.element20.encounterv.21.concentratev.22.imagen.23.reactionn.24.capturev.25..stareadj.26.freezev.27.exactadj..28.afterall29.bravetheelements30.raincarsanddogs31.holdyourhorses32.killtwobirdswithonestone33.flowchart34.migrate35.creature36.charity重點詞匯答案：見教材詞匯表重點詞匯解析考點一：Determine(vt):測定準(zhǔn)確算出；確定；決定，決心做某事；查明；裁決Determinetodosth=decidetodosth=makeupone’smindtodosthDetermineon/uponsth:就某事做出決定Withdetermination:頑強(qiáng)地，有決心地Bedeterminedtodosth:決心做某事，決意做某事例1．【單句填空】Johnsonhadmadeuphismindtogiveitup,butonsecondthoughthedetermined(try)athirdtime.Hepatted(輕拍)meontheshoulder,witha(determine)look,sayingthatIhadthecapabilitytosucceed.Hedidtheexperimentdayandnight,determined(find)outaneffectivewaytotreatthedisease.Whereheoncefeltlikegivingup,henowhasthe(determine)topushfurtherandkeepongoing.考點二：Amazing(adj):驚人的，了不起的amazement(n)Beamazedat/by/that.......BeamazedtodosthToone’samazementIn/withamazement:驚奇地例2．【單句填空】ItwasonlyafterwehadwatchedAmazingChinathatwerealizedwhat(amaze)achievementsChinahasmadeinthepastfiveyears.Theexpressiononherfacesuggestedshewaswhensheheardthenews.(amaze)Muchtomy(amaze),hewasabletorecitethewholepoemfrommemory.考點三：辨析：destroy,damage,ruin,spoilDestroy:指徹底毀壞或毀滅，基本上無法修復(fù)Damage:指部分損壞，可修復(fù)；一般暗指損壞后價值或效益會降低（多用于無生命的事物）Ruin:指（完全地）損壞，使好的事物向不好的方向發(fā)展，不可修復(fù)（可希望，愿望的破滅）Spoil:指損壞，也側(cè)重指寵壞，溺愛Destruction(n):破壞，摧毀，毀滅destructive(adj):毀滅性的，引起破壞的例3．【單句填空】(destroy/damage/ruin)(1)Severalhouseswereslightlybythestorminthevillage.Oneofmyfriendsaskedmetohelphimwithhislessonsthisweekend,andthismyplan.Datashowsthatnearly19,770acres(英畝)oftheBrazilianrainforestsbetweenAugust2015andJuly2016.destroy的適當(dāng)形式填空Theearthquakeruinedthecity,makinghundredsofthousandsofpeoplehomeless.Asaresultoftheofwildlifehabitats,manyanimalshavenoplacetolive.考點四：Survive(v):幸存；生存依靠...生活；挺過（難關(guān)）；比...活（或存在）時間長Survivor(n):幸存者survival(un):幸存(cn):殘存物Survivesth:幸免于某事，從某事中挺過來/活過來Survivefrom...:從...中幸存下來/留存下來Surviveonsth:依靠...生存下來Survivalofthefittest:適者生存Survivesbby+時間：比某人多活......例4．【單句填空】Earthquakescannotbepredicted,butyourchancesof(survive)aremuchlargerifyouknowwhattodowhenanearthquakestrikes.Itwasnotlongbeforeahelicopterarrivedatthescenetorescuethose(survive)oftheplanecrash.Mygrandmapassedawaylastyearandshesurvivedmygrandpatenyears.改錯Thereweremorethan80passengersonboardthen,butonlyoneboynamedDavidsurvivedfromtheplanecrash.考點五：Variety(un):多樣化，變化，多變性；(cn):（植物，語言等）變種，品種；（同一事物的）不同種類，多種式樣例5．【單句填空】Thereare(variety)thingsonsale,soyoucanchoosewhateverinterestsyou.(vary)ofsolutionshavebeenprovidedforustosolvetheproblem.Wecanchooseonetostartwith.Avarietyofhisbooks(be)publishedinrecentyears.他由于種種原因辭職了。Heresignedfor.番茄的價格隨季節(jié)的變化而變化。Thepriceoftomatoes.考點六：Freeze-froze-frozen(vi):突然停止，呆住；(v):（使）凍結(jié)，結(jié)冰；嚴(yán)寒，冰凍；冷凍貯藏，冷藏Freezer(n):冰柜，冷凍柜freezing(adj):冰凍的，極冷的；freezingpoint:冰點（adv）：極冷地freezingcold:極冷Frozen(adj):冷凍的；結(jié)冰的；凍硬的；凍僵例6．【單句填空】Freeze-froze-frozen(vi):突然停止，呆??；(v):（使）凍結(jié)，結(jié)冰；嚴(yán)寒，冰凍；冷凍貯藏，冷藏判斷含義.Somefruitsfreezebetterthanothers..Whenthelakefreezes,wecangoskatingonit.Ifrozewithterrorasthedoorslowlyopened.Thetemperatureremainedbelowthepointthroughouttheday.ThefatheraswellashisthreesonsgoesskatingontherivereverySundayafternooninwinter.考點七：Recoverfrom...:從....中恢復(fù)過來Recoverone’ssight:恢復(fù)視力Recoveronself/one’scourage/sight重新獲得勇氣/恢復(fù)視力:鎮(zhèn)定下來Makeaquick/slowrecovery:恢復(fù)很快/緩慢Makeafullrecovery:完全康復(fù)例7．【單句填空】Recover(v):復(fù)原，恢復(fù)狀態(tài)；恢復(fù)健康，痊愈，康復(fù)；找回，尋回Ihopeyoucantakeatleastonehour’sexerciseeachdayafteryourecoveryourillness.Iwishyouwouldbewellsoon.Thismedicineisquitebeneficialtoyour(recover)aftertheoperation,providingyoutakeitastold.在醫(yī)生們的幫助下，她很快痊愈了。Shemadeherillnesswiththehelpofthedoctors.Sheherillnesswiththehelpofthedoctors.考點八：Workout:解決；思考，計劃，制定出；計算（出）；成功地發(fā)展；鍛煉身體Outofwork:失業(yè)=unemployedAtwork:工作中，起作用；忙著（做某事）；Workonsth:努力改善/完成Workas:從事...工作；當(dāng)...Workatsth:努力做，致力于......例8．【單句填空】判斷含義We’dbetterdiscusseverythingindetailbeforeweworkoutaplan.-I’msorrythingsdidn’tworkoutasplanned.-It’sjustwhatit’smeanttobe,soletitbeandletitgo.Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.Wehavetoworkhowmuchfoodwe’llneedfortheparty.Hehasworkedthemathsproblemfornearlyanhourbuthesimplycan’tworkit.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandwasworkingavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.考點九：WhileIwasconcentratingonphotographingthisamazingscene,IsuddenlyhadafeelingthatIwasbeingwatched.(引導(dǎo)的同位語從句)判斷是同位語還是定語從句IgotthenewsthatTomwouldgoabroad.Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.Thesuggestionthatthemeetingbedelayedwasputforward.Thesuggestionthatheputforwardwasturneddown.例9．【單句填空】Themanagerputforwardasuggestionweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.Thepossibilitythereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniversehasalwaysinspired（激勵）scientiststoexploretheouterspace.考點十：為了強(qiáng)調(diào)且保持句子平衡，表語的形容詞，副詞，介詞短語或分詞等提前時，句子可用全部倒裝。翻譯句子Amongthegoodsareflowers,candlesandtoys.Standingonthetopofthemountainisanancienttowns.例10．【單句填空】Agroupofstudentsareplayingtheviolinthereandinfrontofthem(stand)theirteacherastheconductor.（指揮）Inthedarkforests(lie)manylakes,somelargeenoughtoholdseveraltowns.考點11：Itisafterallwewhoarethevisitorstotheirworld.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+......(is/was隨從句中時態(tài)而定）按要求改寫句子Heboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語強(qiáng)調(diào)地點狀語強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語例11．【單句填空】ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousewesawLilyinthepassengerseat.ItwasmysisterhelpedmeoutwhenIwasintrouble.WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschoolMr.Smithgotangry?wasnotuntilhecamebackfromAfricathatyearthathemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.【真題演練】定語從句之Ⅱ（關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句）ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthnature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance(大量).Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alesisalwayslongingforthetimeheshouldbeabletobeindependent.TheexactyearAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.Therealreasonpriceswere,andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.Amongthemanydangerssailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitiestheycangainexperienceforgrowth.vocabularyNEWYORK(Reuters)—U.S.factoriesshruggedoffweaknessintheglobaleconomyinNovemberasmanufacturingactivityrosetoitshighestlevelinfivemonths,afreshsignthe___34___economywasaccelerating.Recentdataonconsumerspendingandprivate-sectorjobcreationhasalsoboostedoptimismonthepaceofgrowth.“Theeconomyseemsfinallytobe___35___realmomentum,”saidIanShepherdson,aneconomistatHighFrequencyEconomicsinValhalla,NewYork.Alsopointingtogrowth,automakersreportedU.S.salesrose13.9percentinNovemberfromayearearlier,AutodataCorpsaid.TheInstituteforSupplyManagementsaidonThursdayitsindexofnationalfactoryactivityroseto52.7from50.8themonthbefore,beatinganalysts’expectationsandshowingthesectorcontinuesto___36___.Theaddedmomentum,alsoapparentinthereport’sdetails,reducesthechancestheU.S.economywillslipintoanewrecession,evenwithanexpectedcontractionintheeurozone.ComparedtoadismalfirsthalfoftheyearthepaceofU.S.growthmorethan___37___inthethirdquartertoa2percent___38___rate.Whilethatremainssubpar,economistsbelieveactivitywill___39___evenstrongerinthefinalthreemonthsoftheyear.TheISM___40___ofnewordersrosetoitshighestlevelsinceApril,andtheexportindexalsoimproved,althoughmodestly.“Thatshouldkeepsomemomentumgoing,”saidSeanIncremona,aneconomistat4CastinNewYork.“Itisgoodtoseethingsarenotgettingworsenow.”Muchofthe___41___oftheworld,however,isgettingworse,especiallyinEuropewherepolicy-makersarefightingaragingsovereigndebtcrisis.【過關(guān)檢測】AOneofmyfavoriteposterssays,“Lifeisatest.Itisonlyatest.Hadthisbeenareallife,youwouldhavebeeninstructedwheretogoandwhattodo.”WheneverIthinkofthishumorousbitofwisdom,itremindsmenottotakemylifesoseriously.Whenyoulookatlifeanditsmanychallengesasatest,orseriesoftests,youbegintoseeeachissueyoufaceasanopportunitytogrow,achancetodiscovermoreaboutlife.Whetheryou’rebeingbombarded(轟炸)withproblems,responsibilities,eveninsurmountable(不能超越的)difficulties,whenlookedatasatest,youalwayshaveachancetosucceed,inthesenseofrisingabovethatwhichischallengingyou.If,ontheotherhand,youseeeachnewissueyoufaceasaseriousbattlethatmustbewoninordertosurvive,you’reprobablyinaveryrockyjourney.Theonlytimeyou’relikelytobehappyiswheneverythingisworkingoutjustright.Andweallknowhowoftenthathappens.Asanexperiment,seeifyoucanapplythisideatosomethingyouareforcedtodealwith.Perhapsyouhavemuchpressurefromyourparentsoryouhaveademandingboss.Seeifyoucanredefinetheissueyoufacefrombeinga“problem”tobeingatest.Ratherthanstrugglingwithyourissue,seeifthereissomethingyoucanlearnfromit.Askyourself,“Whyisthisanissueinmylife?Whatwoulditmeanandwhatwouldbeinvolvedtoriseaboveit?CouldIpossiblylookatthisissueanydifferently?CanIseeitasatestofsomekind?”Ifyougivethisstrategy(策略)atryyoumaybesurprisedatyourchangedresponses.Ithasbecomefarmoreacceptabletometoacceptthingsastheyare.52.Whenyoubegintoconsiderlifeasatest,youwillfind______.A.youarebombardedwithproblemsandresponsibilitiesB.theresultofthetestissogoodthatyouarelikelytobehappyC.youhavemanyopportunitiestogrowD.youhaveaverydemandingboss53.Whenyouseeeachnewissueasaseriousbattle,you______.A.willhavemorechancestosucceedB.arelikelytobecomehappyaboutlifeC.willknowhowoftenithappensD.areprobablytoexperienceabitterlife54.Accordingtothepassage,you’dbetterlookatlifeasatestwhen______.A.youtrytogetthemeaningoftheposterB.youarestrugglingwithyourissueC.youarecarryingoutanexperimentD.youareinaveryrockyjourney55.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardslife?A.Heconsiderslifeasatest.BHehasdifficultyinfacinghishardlife.C.Hethinkslifeisfullofhumorouswisdom.D.Hethinkslifeisnotonlyatestbutalsoaseriousbattle.(B)WelcometotravelinNottinghamshireandexperienceourheartwarmingserviceandmore!ThelocalbusnetworkgivesaccesstomostoftheattractionsortouristdestinationsofNottinghamshire,makingiteasyforyoutoenjoyallthatthecountyhastooffer.WhynotletNottinghamshire’sbusesprovideyouwithacheap,convenientandsafewayofenjoyingadayout.Theyeventakeawaytheworryofstoppingforlunch,havingadrinkandthendecidingwho’sgoingtodrivehome,sojustcalmdownandenjoyyourself.SpecialSundayticketsavesyoumoney.NottinghamshireCountyCouncil’sDayRangerticketsgiveyouunlimitedtravelonbusesrightacrossthecountyeverySundayandBankHolidayMondayandwillentitleyoutodiscountsatseveralvisitorattractions.Thismeansthatyoucansavemoneybytravelingbybus.Pricesarecurrently:Adults￡5.00Children&Concessions￡2.50Familyticket

（2adults&upto3children）￡9.00Students￡3.00SimplybuyyourticketonthefirstbusyouboardonaSundayandthentravelwhereveryouwantinNottinghamshirefortherestoftheday.Findingoutaboutgettingaroundthecountycouldn’tbeeasier.Informationonbusserviceiswidelyavailableat:BusstationsLibrariesCountycontactpointsTouristinformationcenters.HotelsNewspaperstandsYoucanalsovisitourwebsiteat:www..uk/busesThereisalsoextensiveinformationonbustravelandtheattractionsofthecounty.Weprovideajourneyplannerandaccesstotimetablesforallthebusservicesoperatinginthecountyaswell.Therearelinkstotheindividualbusoperatorsforfurtherinformationonfaresandspecialoffers.Travelline:08706082608Publictransportinfo:.uk56.Whatcanwedoaccordingtothead?A.Wecanenjoyalloftheattractionsofthecountybybus.B.DayRangerticketscanofferusunlimitedbustravelacrossthecountyeveryday.C.Wemaybeabletovisitsomescenicspotsatafairlylowprice.D.Weneedtopurchaseourticketsanytimewegetonboardthebus.57.InformationonbusservicesisavailableattheseplacesEXCEPT

______.A.visitorattractions B.touristinformationcentersC.theCountyCouncil’swebsite D.universitylibraries58.Ifyouaskforfurtherinformationonfaresoftheindividualbusoperators,youmayaswell______.A.browsewww..uk/busesB.call08706082608C.gototheCountyCouncilD.refertocountycontactpoints（C）ForseveraldaysI(JaneEyre)sawlittleofMr.Rochester.Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemenfromtheneighourhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim.Whenhisfootwaswellenough,herodeoutagreatdeal.Duringthistime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimitedtooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme,becauseIsawthatIhadnothingtodowiththecauseofthem.Oneevening,severaldayslater,IwasinvitedtotalktoMr.Rochesterafterdinner.Hewassittinginhisarmchair,andlookednotquitesosevere,andmuchlessgloomy.Therewasasmileonhislips,andhiseyeswerebright,probablywithwine.AsIwaslookingathim,hesuddenlyturned,andaskedme,“DoyouthinkI’mhandsome,MissEyre?”TheanswersomehowslippedfrommytonguebeforeIrealizedit:‘No,sir.”“Ah,youreallyareunusual!Youareaquiet,seriouslittleperson,butyoucanbealmostrude.”“Sir,I’msorry.Ishouldhavesaidthatbeautydoesn’tmatter,orsomethinglikethat,”“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustab(刺)meintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling.Therearenotmanygirlslikeyou.Bu