《鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝》課件-3.2.1 單層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)及技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備工作

3.2.1單層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)及技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備工作

3.2.1Structureandtechnicalpreparationofsingle-storeysteelstructure第一：?jiǎn)螌愉摻Y(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)First:thestructureofsingle-layersteelstructure第二：?jiǎn)螌愉摻Y(jié)構(gòu)的技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備工作Second:technicalpreparationofsingle-layersteelstructure

單層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)多為輕型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，它是由薄鋼板(厚度5mm以上)或型鋼焊接成主要框架的柱、梁、外加薄壁冷彎屋面、墻面檁條(也有稱墻梁、墻筋)等組裝而成，外蓋以輕質(zhì)、高強(qiáng)、美觀耐久的彩色鋼板(簡(jiǎn)稱彩鋼板)組成墻體和屋面圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)。Single-layersteelstructureismostlylightsteelstructure,itismadeofthinsteelplate(thicknessofmorethan5mm)orsectionsteelweldedintothemainframeofcolumns,beams,plusthin-walledcold-formedroof,wallpurlins(alsoknownaswallbeams,wallreinforcement)andotherassembly,theoutercoverwithlightweight,high-strength,beautifulanddurablecolorsteelplate(referredtoascolorsteelplate)composedofwallandroofenclosurestructure.

一、單層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)

First:thestructureofsingle-layersteelstructure這類建筑主要由輕型鋼構(gòu)件組裝，構(gòu)件輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)，結(jié)構(gòu)抗震性能好，可建造大跨度(9～40m)、大柱距(4～15m)的房屋，并且建筑美觀、屋面排水流暢、防水性能好。目前主要用于建造各類輕型工業(yè)廠房、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)、公共設(shè)施和娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所、體育場(chǎng)館等。

Thiskindofbuildingismainlyassembledbylightsteelcomponents,thecomponentsarelightandhigh-strength,thestructurehasgoodseismicperformance,andcanbuildhouseswithlargespan(9~40m)andlargecolumnspacing(4~15m),andthebuildingisbeautiful,theroofdrainageissmooth,andthewaterproofperformanceisgood.Atpresent,itismainlyusedtobuildvariouslightindustrialplants,warehousing,publicfacilitiesandentertainmentvenues,sportsvenues,etc.一、單層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)

First:thestructureofsingle-layersteelstructure

單層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)房屋一般由鋼柱、屋面鋼梁或屋架、屋面檁條、墻梁(檁條)及屋面、柱間支撐系統(tǒng)，屋面、墻面彩鋼板等組裝而成。Single-storeysteelstructurehousesaregenerallyassembledbysteelcolumns,roofsteelbeamsorrooftrusses,roofpurlins,wallbeams(purlins)androofing,intercolumnsupportsystems,roofing,wallcolorsteelplates,etc.鋼柱Steelcolumns抗風(fēng)柱Windresistantcolumn鋼屋架Steelrooftrusses墻梁Wallbeams柱間支撐屋面支撐Roofsupport檁條Purlin

1.鋼柱1.Steelcolumn

鋼柱一般為“H”形斷面，采用熱軋H型鋼或用薄鋼板經(jīng)機(jī)器自動(dòng)裁板、自動(dòng)焊接制成。Thesteelcolumnisgenerallyan"H"shapedsection,whichismadeofhot-rolledH-shapedsteelorthinsteelplatebyautomaticcuttingandautomaticweldingbymachine.其截面可制成直條型和變截面型兩種，斷面尺寸由設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算確定。Itscross-sectioncanbemadeintotwotypes:straightstriptypeandvariablesectiontype,andthecross-sectionsizeisdeterminedbythedesigncalculation.

1.鋼柱1.Steelcolumn鋼柱通過(guò)地腳螺栓與鋼筋混凝土基礎(chǔ)連接，通過(guò)高強(qiáng)度螺栓與屋面鋼梁連接，其連接形式有斜面連接(圖a)和直面連接(圖b)兩種。Thesteelcolumnisconnectedtothereinforcedconcretefoundationbyanchorbolts,andconnectedtotheroofsteelbeambyhigh-strengthbolts,anditsconnectionformsarebeveled(FigureA)andstraightfaceconnection(FigureB).鋼梁與鋼柱直面連接Thesteelbeamisdirectlyconnectedtothesteelcolumn直條型H形斷面StraightH-section2.屋面梁2.Roofbeams

屋面梁一般為I字形截面，根據(jù)構(gòu)件各截面的受力情況，可制成不同截面的若干段，運(yùn)至施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)后，在地面拼裝并用高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接。TheroofbeamisgenerallyanI-shapedsection,accordingtotheforceofeachsectionofthecomponent,itcanbemadeintoseveralsectionsofdifferentsections,andafterbeingtransportedtotheconstructionsite,itisassembledonthegroundandconnectedwithhigh-strengthbolts.變截面I形屋面梁VariablesectionI-shapedroofbeam屋面梁之間用高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接Theroofbeamsareconnectedwithhigh-strengthbolts變截面H形鋼柱VariablesectionH-shapedsteelcolumn3.檁條與墻梁

3.Purlinsandwallbeams

輕鋼屋面檁條、墻梁采用高強(qiáng)鍍鋅彩色鋼板經(jīng)輥壓成型，其截面形狀有“C”形和“Z”形。Thelightsteelroofpurlinsandwallbeamsaremadeofhigh-strengthgalvanizedcoloredsteelplatesbyrollforming,andtheircross-sectionalshapesare"C"and"Z"shapes.檁條可通過(guò)高強(qiáng)度螺栓直接連接在屋面梁翼緣上，也可連接固定在屋面梁上的檁條擋板上Thepurlinscanbeattacheddirectlytotheroofbeamflangebyhigh-strengthbolts,ortopurlinbafflesfixedtotheroofbeam.“C”形檁條"C"shapedpurlin“Z”形檁條“Z"shapedpurlin4.屋面、墻面材料4.Roofandwallmaterials

目前應(yīng)用于單層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的屋面、墻面材料主要有兩大類:彩色涂層鋼壓型板和彩鋼保溫材料夾芯板。Atpresent,therearetwomaincategoriesofroofingandwallmaterialsusedinsingle-layersteelstructures:colorcoatedsteelprofileplateandcolorsteelinsulationsandwichpanel.(1)彩色涂層鋼壓型板(1)Colorcoatedsteelprofileplate4.屋面、墻面材料4.Roofandwallmaterials彩色涂層鋼壓型板是以鋼帶材為原料，經(jīng)表面脫脂、磷化和鉻酸鹽處理之后，再涂覆優(yōu)質(zhì)的有機(jī)涂料經(jīng)烘烤而成為彩色涂層鋼帶，然后再經(jīng)過(guò)輥壓而成。

Thecolorcoatedsteelprofileplateismadeofsteelstripasrawmaterial,aftersurfacedegreasing,phosphatingandchromatetreatment,andthencoatedwithhigh-qualityorganiccoatingandbakedtobecomecolorcoatedsteelstrip,andthenrolledbyrolling.其色彩多樣、施工方便和具有良好的力學(xué)性能，而且簡(jiǎn)化了防水措施。

Itiscolorful,easytoapplyandhasgoodmechanicalproperties,andsimplifieswaterproofingmeasures.(2)彩鋼保溫材料夾芯板(2)Colorsteelinsulationmaterialsandwichpanel彩鋼保溫材料夾芯板是一種超輕型(一般為15～25kg/)的多功能建筑板材。Colorsteelinsulationsandwichpanelisanultra-light(generally15~25kg/)multifunctionalbuildingpanel該類板材其兩面是彩色涂層鍍鋅鋼板，中間則為保溫材料。Thetwosidesofthistypeofplatearecolor-coatedgalvanizedsteelsheet,andthemiddleisthermalinsulation.(2)彩鋼保溫材料夾芯板(2)Colorsteelinsulationmaterialsandwichpanel該材料具有優(yōu)異的保溫、隔熱、抗震性能，而且可用自攻螺釘、膨脹螺栓、抽芯鉚釘?shù)染o固，可釘、可鋸，特別是其色彩多種多樣、板面平整、尺寸精度高、表面線條清晰，作為墻面、屋面板則無(wú)需進(jìn)行防水施工，是一種綜合性能極佳的建筑材料。Thematerialhasexcellentthermalinsulation,heatinsulation,seismicperformance,andcanbefastenedwithself-tappingscrews,expansionbolts,corerivets,etc.,canbenailed,sawed,especiallyitsvariouscolors,flatboardsurface,highdimensionalaccuracy,clearsurfacelines,asawall,roofpaneldoesnotneedtocarryoutwaterproofconstruction,isacomprehensiveperformanceofexcellentbuildingmaterials.二、單層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備工作Second:technicalpreparationofsingle-layersteelstructure編制單層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝施工組織設(shè)計(jì)Preparationofsingle-storeysteelstructureinstallationconstructionorganizationdesign熟悉圖樣Familiarizeyourselfwiththedrawings鋼柱基礎(chǔ)及支撐面的準(zhǔn)備Preparationofsteelcolumnfoundationandsupportingsurface1.編制單層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝施工組織設(shè)計(jì)

1.Preparetheorganizationaldesignofsingle-layersteelstructureinstallationandconstruction

(1)編制內(nèi)容：工程概況與特點(diǎn)；施工組織與部署；施工準(zhǔn)備工作計(jì)劃；施工程序與工藝設(shè)計(jì)；吊裝方案；施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃；施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)平面布置圖；勞動(dòng)力、機(jī)械設(shè)備、材料和構(gòu)件供應(yīng)計(jì)劃；質(zhì)量保證措施和安全措施；構(gòu)件運(yùn)輸方法、堆放及場(chǎng)地管理；環(huán)境保護(hù)措施等。(1)Preparationcontent:projectoverviewandcharacteristics;Constructionorganizationanddeployment;Constructionpreparationworkplan;Constructionproceduresandprocessdesign;hoistingscheme;Constructionschedule;Constructionsitefloorplans;Labor,machineryandequipment,materialsandcomponentsupplyplans;qualityassurancemeasuresandsafetymeasures;Componenttransportationmethods,stackingandsitemanagement;Environmentalprotectionmeasures,etc.1.編制單層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝施工組織設(shè)計(jì)

1.Preparetheorganizationaldesignofsingle-layersteelstructureinstallationandconstruction

(2)編制要求:施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的編制要具有針對(duì)性和可操作性。對(duì)大型、細(xì)長(zhǎng)及穩(wěn)定性較差等特殊構(gòu)件的吊點(diǎn)位置和吊環(huán)構(gòu)造，應(yīng)作專項(xiàng)細(xì)部設(shè)計(jì)與穩(wěn)定結(jié)合每項(xiàng)工程施工的具體特點(diǎn)，性驗(yàn)算，必要時(shí)采取臨時(shí)加固與保護(hù)措施。方案中對(duì)起重機(jī)械的選擇是鋼結(jié)構(gòu)吊裝的關(guān)鍵，其型號(hào)和數(shù)量必須滿足鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的吊裝技術(shù)要求和進(jìn)度要求。吊裝流水程序要確定每臺(tái)起重機(jī)械的工作內(nèi)容和各臺(tái)起重機(jī)械的相互配合，其內(nèi)容深度要達(dá)到關(guān)鍵構(gòu)件并反映到單件，豎向構(gòu)件反映到柱列，屋面部分反映到節(jié)間，同時(shí)考慮到安裝方便和大型生產(chǎn)設(shè)備安裝的需要。(2)Preparationrequirements:Thepreparationofconstructionorganizationdesignshouldbecombinedwiththespecificcharacteristicsofeachprojectconstruction,andbetargetedandoperable.Fortheliftingpointpositionandliftingringstructureoflarge,slenderandpoorstabilityandotherspecialcomponents,specialdetaileddesignandstabilityverificationshouldbecarriedout,andtemporaryreinforcementandprotectionmeasuresshouldbetakenwhennecessary.Theselectionofliftingmachineryintheschemeisthekeytosteelstructurehoisting,anditsmodelandquantitymustmeettheliftingtechnicalrequirementsandprogressrequirementsofthesteelstructure.Theliftingflowprocedureshoulddeterminetheworkcontentofeachliftingmachineandthemutualcooperationofeachliftingmachine,anditscontentdepthshouldreachthekeycomponentsandreflecttothesinglepiece,theverticalcomponentshouldbereflectedtothecolumncolumn,andtheroofpartshouldbereflectedtotheintersection,whileconsideringtheneedforeasyinstallationandlarge-scaleproductionequipmentinstallation.2.熟悉圖樣

2.Familiarizeyourselfwiththedrawing鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝前，應(yīng)對(duì)相關(guān)的圖樣技術(shù)文件進(jìn)行認(rèn)真地閱讀與理解，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題及時(shí)與業(yè)主單位、設(shè)計(jì)單位取得聯(lián)系，將問(wèn)題和隱患消除在安裝之前。Beforetheinstallationofthesteelstructure,therelevantdrawingtechnicaldocumentsshouldbecarefullyreadandunderstood,andtheownerunitandthedesignunitshouldbecontactedintimetoeliminatetheproblemsandhiddendangersbeforeinstallation.3.鋼柱基礎(chǔ)及支撐面的準(zhǔn)備3.Preparationofsteelcolumnfoundationandsupportingsurface

(1)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝前，其基礎(chǔ)混凝土強(qiáng)度必須達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求。(1)Beforetheinstallationofthesteelstructure,thestrengthofitsfoundationconcretemustmeetthedesignrequirements.2.熟悉圖樣

2.Familiarizeyourselfwiththedrawing

(2)根據(jù)測(cè)量控制網(wǎng)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)軸線、標(biāo)高、地腳螺栓規(guī)格和位置等進(jìn)行技術(shù)復(fù)核。如地腳螺栓預(yù)埋在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工前，應(yīng)由土建單位完成，但需復(fù)核每個(gè)螺栓的軸線、標(biāo)高，對(duì)超出規(guī)范要求的，必須采取相應(yīng)的補(bǔ)救措施。如加大柱底板尺寸，需要在柱底板上按照實(shí)際螺栓位置重新鉆孔或