2021考研英語(yǔ)二真題和答案

2021考研英語(yǔ)二真題和答案

2021年全國(guó)碩士研究生考試英語(yǔ)二真題

□SectionIUseofEnglish

□Directions:

□Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

□Thinnerisntalwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave_1_that

normal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseases

comparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditions

forwhichbeingoverweightisactually_2_.Forexample,heavier

womenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.

_3_amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan

_4_ofgoodhealth.

□Ofevengreater_5—isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobevery

difficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined_6_bodymassindex,orBMI.

BMI_7_bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.Anadultwitha

BMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and

30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,_8_,can

bedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverely

obese.

□Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityis

probablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.Somepeoplewithahigh

BMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor

11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12as

obese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someone

withasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.

□Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.The

overweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.

Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,and

lowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionals

havebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoung

childrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbody

buildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.

□Negativeattitudestowardobesity,_18Jnhealthconcerns,have

stimulatedanumberofanti-obesity_19_.Myownhospitalsystemhas

bannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstituted

weightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MichelleObamalauncheda

high-visibilitycampaign_20_childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatit

representsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.

□1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured

□2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome

□3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore

□4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example

□5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern

□6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof

□7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies

□8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart

□9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward

□10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless

□11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste

□12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay

□13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant

□14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency

□15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored

□16.[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated

□17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only

□18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded

□19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies

□20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without

□SectionIIReadingComprehension

□PartA

□Directions:

□Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtext

bychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40

points)

□Text1

□Whatwouldyoudowith590mThisisnowaquestionforGloria

Mackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,

tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlottery

jackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlasting

feelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneyby

ElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.

□Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshow

thatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.

Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsand

extravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswears

offfairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;

regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMs

DumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoing

tothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewith

time-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmore

connectedtoothers.

□Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellas

lotterywinnersgetthemosthappinessbangforyourbuck.Itseems

mostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutesto

work,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatching

television(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwo

monthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingto

charityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneselfand

luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.Thisis

apparentlythereasonMacDonaldsrestrictstheavailabilityofitspopular

McRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoan

objectofobsession.

□ReadersofHappyMoneyareclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousabout

fulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeople

inwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yet

thelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbe

seenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcity

enhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewill

agreewiththeauthorspolicyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmore

holidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.But

mostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywell

spent.

□21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthe

mostrewardingpurchase

□[A]Abighouse

□[B]Aspecialtour

□[C]Astylishcar

□[D]Arichmeal

□22.TheauthorsattitudetowardAmericanswatchingTVis

□[A]critical

□[B]supportive

□[C]sympathetic

□[D]ambiguous

□23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat

□[A]consumersaresometimesirrational

□[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

□[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective

□[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure

□24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney

□[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaderscriticism

□[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

□[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus

□[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement

□25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto

□[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

□[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

□[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

□[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

□Text2

□AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempirical

researchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyouremorebeautifulthanyouare.

Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwe

naturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchinto

whatthecalltheaboveaverageeffect,orillusorysuperiority,andshown

that,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaveragein

leadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothersall

obviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

□Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirming

situations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegative

stereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinking

werehotstuff.

□PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakey

studyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathave

peoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemto

identifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselvesfromalineupincluding

versionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visual

recognition,readsthestudy,isanautomaticpsychologicalprocess

occurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconscious

deliberation.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-

whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.

Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthere

anyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,the

participantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)

weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewho

thoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewerereal

directlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhaving

higherself-esteem.Idontthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareany

evidenceofpersonaldelusion,saysEpley.Itsareflectionsimplyof

peoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves.Ifyouaredepressed,you

wontbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpleysstudy,itmakes

sensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-on

onelevel,theydontevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureas

themselves,FacebookthereforeJsaself-enhancersparadise,where

peoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheir

wit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleitsnotthatpeoplesprofilesare

dishonestzsayscatalinatomaofWisconMadisonuniversity,butthey

portrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.

□26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefound

that.

□[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

□[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

□[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

□[D]self-enhancing