中考語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí) 專題01 名詞（原卷版）

PAGEPAGE9中考語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)專題01名詞命題點(diǎn)一名詞的數(shù)?重點(diǎn)用法概括可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。（一）名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則變化1.一般在名詞的結(jié)尾加-s，在清輔音后讀/s/，在濁輔音和元音后后讀/z/。exercise→exercisesdesk→desks2.以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加-es，讀/Iz/。watch→watchesbox→boxes3.以＂輔音字母+y＂結(jié)尾的詞，把y變i，再加-es。factory→factorieslady→ladies4.以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，一般把f或fe改為v，加-es。wolf→wolvesknife→knives5.以o結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞，有生命的加-es，無(wú)生命的加-s。potato→potatoespiano→pianos（二）名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1.單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese→Chinesesheep→sheepJapanese→Japanese2.改變?cè)糇帜竚an→menwoman→womenfoot→feettooth→teethpolicewoman→policewomen3.只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞trousersscissorspantsglassesshoes4.其他變化mouse→micechild→children?難點(diǎn)解讀（1）名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用其單數(shù)形式，但man/woman例外。Apaperbag→twopaperbags兩個(gè)紙袋afootballfan一個(gè)球迷→threefootballfans三個(gè)球迷amanteacher一個(gè)男老師→twomenteachers兩個(gè)男老師awomanscientist一個(gè)女科學(xué)家→twowomenscientists兩個(gè)女科學(xué)家?易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)解讀國(guó)民復(fù)數(shù)（1）單復(fù)數(shù)同形：Chinese→Chinese中國(guó)人Japanese→Japanese日本人English→English英國(guó)人（2）加s的：American→Americans美國(guó)人Australian→Australians澳大利亞人Canadian→Canadians加拿大人German→Germans德國(guó)人Greek→Greeks希臘人Indian→Indians印度人Russian→Russians俄羅斯人1.（2021·湖北·中考真題）--Tina,whatdoyouoftenhaveforbreakfast?--Iusuallyeat______anddrinksomemilk.

A．twobreadsB．twopieceofbreadsC．twopiecesofbread2.（2020·廣西玉林·中考真題）—CanIhelpyou,Madam?—Yes.______please.

A．TwopairofsocksB．TwopairsofsocksC．TwopairsofsockD．Twopairofsock3.（2020·湖南郴州·中考真題）Duringtheepidemic(疫情)many________inourcitywenttoHubeiProvinceasvolunteers.

A．womandoctorB．womandoctorsC．womendoctors4.（2020·貴州黔南·中考真題）About200__________wenttoseetheAsianFashionShowlastnight.

A．GermanB．AustralianC．ChineseD．American5.（易錯(cuò)）（2020·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）MrLiuisawiseman，andheoftengivesusafew_____．

A．suggestionsB．a(chǎn)dviceC．hobbiesD．knowledge隨堂練習(xí)隨堂練習(xí)1.（2021·廣西河池·中考真題）—Lisa,couldyouhelpmebuysome________onyourwayhome?—OK,mom.

A．eggB．beefC．bananaD．potato2.—Alice,whichseasondoyoulikebest?Autumn.Thefallen______arelikeathickblanketontheground.Whatbeautifulsceneryitis!

A．leafB．leafsC．leaves3.（2020·湖北恩施·中考真題）Wuhan,oneofthemostimportant________inChina,isfamousfortheYellowCraneTower.

A．citiesB．citysC．city4.（2020·湖南湘西·中考真題）Annietookalotof___________withhermobilephonewhenshevisitedtheGreatWalllastsummerholiday.

A．photoB．photoesC．photos5.（2021·四川廣元·中考真題）Threefifthsoftheteachersinourschoolare________.

A．manteachersB．menteachersC．womanteachersD．womenteacher6.（易錯(cuò)）Thethree___________upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough___________foradoublebed.

A．room；roomB．room；roomsC．rooms；roomD．rooms；rooms7.（2021·安徽·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Ihavethreepenpals.Oneis________,andtheothertwoare________.

A．Japanese；AmericaB．Russian；GermenC．Canada；AustralianD．English；Frenchmen8.Manyforeignerscametoourschoollastweek,includingthree___________andfour___________.

A．German,AmericanB．Germans.AmericanC．Germans.AmericansD．German,Americans9.（易錯(cuò)）（2021·山東濱城·二模）Don'tbeafraidtoaskforsome________aboutorderingthemeal.

A．suggestionB．methodC．opinionD．a(chǎn)dvice命題點(diǎn)二名詞所有格?重點(diǎn)用法概括一般構(gòu)成：一般名詞在詞尾直接加’s，如Jim’sroom吉姆的房間，Children’sDay兒童節(jié)。詞尾已有-s的名詞，在詞尾只加’，如Students’rooms學(xué)生們的房間。of構(gòu)成：無(wú)生命的名詞的所屬關(guān)系一般要用介詞of短語(yǔ)來(lái)構(gòu)成。如amapofChina，attheendofthisterm。但表時(shí)間、距離、世界、國(guó)家、城市、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等無(wú)生命的名詞可以直接在詞尾加-’s，如fiveminutes’walk。?易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)解讀表示兩者或兩者以上共有的所屬關(guān)系，在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾加’s，如JaneandMary’sroom簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗的房間（指兩個(gè)人共用一個(gè)房間）。表示兩者或兩者以上各自所屬關(guān)系，在每個(gè)詞的詞尾加’s，如Jane’sandMary’srooms簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗各自的房間（指分別所有）。?難點(diǎn)解讀：雙重所有格表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞（a/an），數(shù)詞（one，two...），不定代詞（some，all，any...），常用＂of+’s所有格＂形式，即雙重所有格來(lái)表示所屬關(guān)系。aphotoofmysister’s我妹妹的一張照片thisbookofmyclassmate’s我同學(xué)的這本書afriendofmine我的一個(gè)朋友（of要用物主代詞）【例1】.（2020·廣西賀州·中考真題）Thewomanwearingapairofglassesis________.

A．LilyandLucy’smother B．Lily’sandLucy’smotherC．Lily’sandLucy’smothers D．LilyandLucy’smothers【例2】（2020·廣西梧州·中考真題）Theonlineshopsells________shoesataverygoodprice．

A．childB．child'sC．childrenD．children's【例3】.（易錯(cuò)）（2021·內(nèi)蒙古·包頭市第二十九中學(xué)三模）Ihearwewillhavea______holidayin______.

A．twoday's；twoday'stimeB．two-day；twoday'stimeC．two-day；twodays'time D．twodays；two-daytime【例4】.（2021·上海長(zhǎng)寧·二模）Angela,afriendof________,willgobacktoherhometowntostudynextterm.

A．I B．meC．myD．mine隨堂練習(xí)隨堂練習(xí)1.（2019·青海西寧·中考真題）-Whosejacketsarethese？-Theyare___________.Theysaidtheylostthemyesterday.

A．oursB．LiLeiandLiTao'sC．LiLei'sandLiTao's2.（2021·吉林·長(zhǎng)春市寬城區(qū)教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校一模）—Fruitjuicecanbeharmfulto________teeth,Cathy.—OK,Iwon’tletthemdrinktoomuch.

A．kidB．kidsC．kid’sD．kids’3.（2021·遼寧·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Overonehundredyearsago,theworldrecordforthe______100-metreracewas10.6seconds.

A．manB．man'sC．menD．men's.4.（2021·天津薊州·二模）Onceaterm,thereisa________meeting,soourparentsandteacherscantalkaboutourprogress.

A．parentsB．parent’sC．parents’D．parent5.（2021·湖南·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Afterclimbingfornearlythreehours,weweregladtotake________rest.

A．a(chǎn)fewminutesB．a(chǎn)fewminutes’C．a(chǎn)littleminutes’6.（2019·廣西玉林·中考真題）—Arethose______keys,Jack?—No,theyaren’t.They’reUncle_______.

A．yours;Sam’sB．your;SamC．your;Sam’sD．yours;Sam命題點(diǎn)三名詞詞義辨析【例1】.（2020·遼寧丹東·中考真題）—Jim,Ihave________infinishingsomuchwork.—Don'tworry.Icanhelpyou.

A．a(chǎn)bility B．success C．experience D．difficulty【例2】.（2021·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）Poorsleephasan________onourmemoryandlearning.

A．influence B．introduction C．instruction D．information【例3】.（2021·甘肅天水·中考真題）Iftheweatherisnice,wecouldhavea(n)________inthepark.

A．picnic B．chance C．place D．idea【例4】.（2021·四川達(dá)州·中考真題）IfyouwanttobeadoctorlikeZhongNanshan,hardworkisthekeyto________.

A．treasure B．beauty C．success D．health隨堂練習(xí)隨堂練習(xí)1.（2021·吉林長(zhǎng)春·中考真題）Weusedtobuythingsinthe____________butnowweusuallydoitonline.

A．shopB．museumC．bankD．library2.（2021·甘肅天水·中考真題）Iftheweatherisnice,wecouldhavea(n)________inthepark.

A．picnicB．chance C．place D．idea3.（2020·貴州銅仁·中考真題）—Tokeepourcitycleanandbeautiful,the________arealwaysverybusyinthestreet.—Theyshouldberespectedbyallthepeople.

A．driversB．postmen C．firemen D．cleaners4.（2021·江蘇鹽城·中考真題）YuanLongpingandhisteamhavesolvedtheproblemof________formanypeople.

A．hungerB．health C．pollution D．population5.（2021·貴州黔東南·中考真題）—Mr.Yangrunsatleasthalfanhoureveryday.—Whatagood________!Nowonderhelooksfit.

A．habit B．idea C．rule D．skill6.（2021·湖北硚口·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Itwouldbemygreatest________ifIcouldworkattheoperatingtableuntilmydyingday.

A．promiseB．decision C．resolution D．happiness7.（2021·遼寧阜新·中考真題）The________ofthiskindofelectriccarisnothigh,manyyoungpeoplecanaffordit.

A．size B．price C．space D．cloth8.（2020·江蘇蘇州·中考真題）Idon’tcarehowmanywordsthereareinyourarticle,butthe______ofitreallymatters.

A．a(chǎn)bilityB．size C．quality D．energy9.（2020·遼寧大連·中考真題）Ifyouwanttodobetterinplayingthepiano,youneedmore________.

A．technologyB．practiceC．pleasureD．challenge10.（2020·江蘇泰州·中考真題）—Wehaveenteredaworldwhererobotoperationsbecometruewith5Gtechnology.—Hardtobelieve!Scientistsarefullof________whichleadstogreatchangesinourlife.

A．a(chǎn)ttractionB．invention C．position D．contribution11.（2020·遼寧阜新·中考真題）MissGaooftenadvisesweshouldsearchforsome________ontheInternetaboutscience.

A．instructionB．introduction C．informationD．invention12.（2020·山東萊蕪·中考真題）Lisawassocareless(粗心的)thatshemademanyspelling________inherhomework.

A．plans B．decisions C．grades D．mistakes13.（2020·湖北襄陽(yáng)·中考真題）—What’syourbrother’s___________?—It’sabout1.75meters.He’sthetallestinhisclass.

A．a(chǎn)ge B．a(chǎn)ddress C．weight D．height14.（2020·內(nèi)蒙古興安盟·中考真題）—CouldIsmokehere?—Sorry.Iamafraidyoucan't.Lookatthe________“Nosmoking”.

A．subject B．opinion C．sign D．spirit15.（2021·上海楊浦·三模）Howmuch________inthatlesson