高考英語新人教版必修1一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義第一編教材回眸Unit4Earthquakes

Unit4Earthquakes【題目優(yōu)選】假如你是李華，你的美國朋友Tom來信詢問四川九寨溝地震的情況，并表達(dá)了要去災(zāi)區(qū)當(dāng)志愿者的愿望。請你給他回信，主要內(nèi)容包括：1．多座建筑物被毀，多處道路被阻，大量人員被困在廢墟中，24人遇難，500多人受傷；2．當(dāng)?shù)卣e極組織救援，政府要求務(wù)必以最有效的方法發(fā)放慰問金并進(jìn)行災(zāi)后重建；3．委婉阻止Tom去災(zāi)區(qū)當(dāng)志愿者，同時說明理由。參考詞匯：慰問金consolationmoney注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出。DearTom，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely，LiHua【經(jīng)典范文】Dear_Tom，ThankyouverymuchforyourconcernovertheearthquakeinJiuzhaigouCounty,SichuanProvince.NowI'mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutit.AsfarasIknow,manybuildingsfelldownandweredestroyed,thewaystothecountywereblockedandlotsofpeopleweretrappedundertheruinsintheearthquake.Besides,24peoplewerekilled,andmorethan500peoplewereinjured.Thelocalgovernmentactivelyorganizedtherescueanddemandedtogiveoutconsolationmoneyinthemosteffectivewayandrebuildtheirhomes.Iknowyouareeagertohelpthepeopleinneedthere.Butinmyopinion,youdon'tneedtogothereinperson,becauseitwillbehardforyoutomunicatewithpeoplethere.Afterall,youspeakadifferentlanguage.Anyway,thankyou.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua【名師點撥】本文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，表述清楚明了。短語asfarasIknow,falldown,giveout等的運用，顯示出作者扎實的詞匯功底，且高級句式Y(jié)ouareeagertohelp...和itwillbehardforyoutomunicatewithpeoplethere的運用，又彰顯出了作者熟練駕馭語言的能力。1．核心單詞(1)burst(vi.)爆裂；爆發(fā)(n.)突然破裂；爆發(fā)→burst(過去式/過去分詞)(2)ruin(n.)廢墟；毀滅(vt.)毀滅；使破產(chǎn)(3)injure(vt.)損害；傷害→injury(n.)傷害；損害→injured(adj.)受傷的(4)destroy(vt.)破壞；毀壞；消滅→destruction(n.)破壞；摧毀(5)shock(vt.&vi.)(使)震驚；震動(n.)休克；打擊；震驚→shocking(adj.)令人震驚的→shocked(adj.)震驚的(6)rescue(n.&vt.)援救；營救(7)trap(vt.)使陷入困境(n.)陷阱；困境→trapped(過去式/過去分詞)(8)bury(vt.)埋葬；掩埋；隱藏→buried(過去式/過去分詞)(9)frighten(vt.)使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉rightened(adj.)受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening(adj.)令人恐懼的(10)congratulation(n.)祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞→congratulate(vt.)祝賀(11)judge(n.)裁判員；法官(vt.)斷定；判斷；判決→judgement(n.)判斷力；識別力(12)express(vt.)表示；表達(dá)(n.)快車；速遞→expression(n.)表達(dá)；表情2．閱讀單詞(1)nation(n.)民族；國家；國民(2)suffering(n.)苦難；痛苦(3)extreme(adj.)極度的(4)useless(adj.)無用的；無效的；無益的(5)electricity(n.)電；電流；電學(xué)(6)disaster(n.)災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍(7)shelter(n.)掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處(8)damage(n.&vt.)損失；損害(9)sincerely(adv.)真誠地；真摯地【即景活用】用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Larrytoldherthatsheshouldnotmoveincaseshe________(injure)herneck.答案：injured2．WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodin________(ruin)．答案：ruins3．Asuddenstopcanbeavery________(frighten)experience,especiallyifyouaretravellingathighspeed.答案：frightening4．Waterhadgoneintotheradio,anditwaspletely________(use)．答案：useless5．Theartworldgavemeachance________(express)myselfwithoutwords.答案：toexpress6．Natalie'sschoolwasso________(damage)thatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.答案：damaged7．I________(sincere)hopeyoucanacceptmyapologiesandunderstandmysituation.答案：sincerely8．Hisshoesareso________(dirt)thathemustbrushthem.答案：dirty9．I'veknownhimforyearsandItrusthis________(judge)．答案：judgement10．Itwasnotlongbeforeahelicopterarrivedonthescene________(rescue)thesurvivorsoftheplanecrash.答案：torescue聯(lián)想積累1．“自然災(zāi)害”單詞薈萃①disastern.災(zāi)難；不幸②earthquaken.地震③droughtn.旱災(zāi)；干旱④floodn.洪水；水災(zāi)⑤eruptionn.(火山)噴發(fā)⑥hurricanen.颶風(fēng)⑦tsunamin.海嘯2．“A→A→A”式不規(guī)則變化動詞①burst—burst—burst爆發(fā)②cast—cast—cast投；拋③cost—cost—cost值；花費④cut—cut—cut割⑤hit—hit—hit打中⑥hurt—hurt—hurt損傷⑦let—let—let讓⑧put—put—put放；放下⑨read—read—read讀；閱讀⑩rid—rid—rid去掉?set—set—set安放?shut—shut—shut關(guān)閉?split—split—split分裂?spread—spread—spread展開；傳播3．“adj.＋-ity＝n.”薈萃①electricity電②popularity受歡迎；流行③reality現(xiàn)實④similarity相似點⑤security安全⑥equality平等⑦nationality國籍⑧personality個性⑨activity活動⑩majority大多數(shù)1．dig_out掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)2．judging_from/by從……判斷3．right_away立刻；馬上4．think_little_of輕視；認(rèn)為……沒什么了不起5．a(chǎn)_(great)_number_of許多；大量的6．a(chǎn)s_if仿佛；好像7．beproudof以……為自豪8．a(chǎn)tanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)9．inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪10．betrappedin陷入11．beburiedin埋頭于12．burstout爆發(fā)【即景活用】用所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空rightaway，judgingfrom，burstout，agreatnumberof，atanend，asif1．Ifeltalittledizzy,________Ihadjustwokenfromalongsleep.答案：asif2．________whatyousayinyourletter,youdon'tgetalongwellwithyourclassmates.答案：Judgingfrom3．Thepoorwoman________cryingatthenews.答案：burstout4．It'sreportedthat________peoplewererescuedfromundertheruins.答案：agreatnumberof5．Herosetoindicatethattheconversationwas________.答案：atanend6．Youdon'tlookwell.You'dbettergoandseeadoctor________.答案：rightaway聯(lián)想積累1．“in＋n.”短語大薈萃①inturn依次；輪流；相應(yīng)地②intotal總計③intime及時；適時④inplace在合適的位置；準(zhǔn)備就緒⑤indanger在危險中⑥introuble/difficulty處于困境中⑦insight看得見；在視線之內(nèi)⑧inorder秩序井然；整齊⑨inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪⑩inreturn作為報答；回報?inneed急需；缺乏?inpublic公開地2．表示“立刻；馬上”的詞語薈萃①rightaway②atonce③immediately④rightnow⑤innotime⑥instantly3．“埋頭于；專心于”的多種表達(dá)①belostin②beoccupiedin③bedevotedto④beburiedin⑤beabsorbedin⑥applyoneselfto1．Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至豬都緊張得不吃食了。2．Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.人們無論朝哪里看，那里的一切幾乎都被毀了?！揪涫椒聦憽?．Ifyouadmitthatlifeisfullofbeauty,benever____________________(太忙碌不能享受)thewonderoflife.答案：toobusytoenjoy2．Thedogfollowedhim______________________(無論在哪里)theoldmanwent.答案：everywhere/wherever/nomatterwhere聯(lián)想積累too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)①too...to...“太……而不能……”，表示否定意義。②only/just/buttoo...to...“非?！プ觥眛oo前的only/just/but不僅沒有否定意義，反而加重了too的肯定語氣。③too后面的形容詞為表示心情或描繪性形容詞的時候，如：happy,pleased,willing,thankful,delighted,anxious,eager,kind,good等，表示肯定意義，意為“很，非?！?。④too...to...中的too前面有never/can't等時，此結(jié)構(gòu)為雙重否定表示肯定。can'tbetoo＋adj./can'tbe＋adj.＋enough...“越……越好；再……也不為過”。[單詞點津]burstvi.爆裂；爆發(fā)n.突然破裂；爆發(fā)[教材原句]Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物的水管爆裂開來。(1)burstin突然闖進(jìn)；突然出現(xiàn)burstinto...闖入……；突然開始burstout突然迸發(fā)；爆發(fā)；突然激動地喊叫burstintolaughter＝burstoutlaughing突然大笑起來burstintotears＝burstoutcrying突然大哭起來(2)aburstof一陣……aburstoflaughter一陣大笑【特別提醒】burstinto與burstout都有“突然進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)或發(fā)生某種情況”的意思，但burstinto后面接名詞，burstout后面接動名詞?！炯淳盎钣谩客瓿删渥英資ou'reaboutto________________________atsomemomentandyoudon'tevenknowwhy.在某個時候，你總有種想哭的沖動，卻不知道為什么。②Suddenlythedooropenedandagroupofchildren________________.突然門開了，一群孩子闖了進(jìn)來。③Wewerestandingtherewhenwesaw______________________attheendoftheroad.我們正站在那兒，這時我們看見馬路盡頭火光沖天。答案：①burstintotears/burstoutcrying②burstin③aburstofflamesruinn.廢墟；毀滅vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)[教材原句]Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.在可怕的十五秒鐘之內(nèi)，一座大城市變成了廢墟。(1)inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪bring...toruin使……毀滅；使……沒落fallin/intoruin成為廢墟(2)ruinoneself自取滅亡ruinone'shealth/fame毀壞某人的健康/聲譽【即景活用】完成句子①Eversincetheearthquake,thistemplehasbeen____________.自從地震以來，這座寺廟一直是廢墟一片。②Itrainedfortwoweeks,whichpletely______________________.一連下了兩周雨，徹底毀了我們的假期。③Wastingtimedoingnothingis________________.什么事也不做，會毀掉你自己。答案：①inruins②ruinedourholiday③toruinyourselfinjurevt.損害；傷害；損壞(名譽)；傷害(感情)[教材原句]Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.2/3的人在地震中死去或受傷。(1)be/getinjured受傷(2)injuredadj.受傷的；受委屈的theinjured傷者；傷員(作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)(3)injuryn.傷；傷口；傷害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.傷害某人【即景活用】完成句子①You'llenjoyrunningmuchmoreifyoudon't________________.如果不受傷你將會更好地享受跑步。②Aterribleaccidenthappenedatthecrossingandanambulancerushed________________tothehospital.在十字路口發(fā)生了可怕的事故，救護(hù)車把傷者火速送到醫(yī)院。③Becarefulliftingthatheavybox—you'lldo______________________.抬那個重箱子要小心——你會弄傷自己的。答案：①getinjured②theinjured③yourselfaninjuryshockvt.&vi.(使)震驚；震動n．休克；打擊；震驚[教材原句]Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.井里充滿了沙子而不是水。人們都震驚了。(1)inshock吃驚地；震驚地(2)shockedadj.(主語多為人)吃驚的；震驚的beshockedby讓……震驚/打擊(3)shockingadj.(主語多為物)令人難以置信的；驚人的【即景活用】單句語法填空①WhenItoldthemthewholething,theywereall________shock,andtheycouldn'tbelieveit.②Shewastakentohospital,apparently________(shock)．③Thereasonforthis________(shock)attackseemedtoberacialhatred.答案：①in②shocked③shockingjudgen.法官；裁判員vt.判斷；斷定；判決[教材原句]Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.評委會的五位評委聽了你的演講，他們都認(rèn)為你的演講是今年最好的。(1)judgingfrom/by...根據(jù)……來判斷(2)judgesb./sth.from/by...以……來判斷某人/某物judgesb./sth.(tobe)...判定某人/某物為……(3)judgementn.判斷；審判；判斷力【特別提醒】judgingfrom/by...置于句首作狀語。v.-ing形式不受主語的限制，構(gòu)成獨立成分。類似用法的詞或短語還有：generallyspeaking“一般來說”，franklyspeaking“坦白地說”，considering...“考慮到……”?！炯淳盎钣谩繂尉湔Z法填空①Neverjudgeabook________itscover.②________(judge)fromhisbreathing,heprobablyhadafewbrokenribsaswell.③Itwasduetoluckratherthan________(judge)thatthedriversucceededinavoidingtheaccident.答案：①by②Judging③judgement[短語點撥]atanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)[教材原句]Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!好像世界末日到了！(1)attheendof在……盡頭；在……末端bytheendof到……結(jié)束時；到……時候為止(常與完成時連用)intheend最后；終于(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(put/bring...toanend,putanendto...))使……結(jié)束etoanend完成；結(jié)束(3)make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵；量入為出(4)endupwith以……結(jié)束endupdoingsth.以……而告終【即景活用】完成句子①Themeetingwasnearly__________________whenIgottothemeetingroom.當(dāng)我到達(dá)會議室時，會議快要結(jié)束了。②Ilovehowpeoplecanseemsodifferent,but__________________sosimilar.我喜歡人們看起來是多么不同，但最終卻是如此相似。③Gostraightandyou'llfindthehospital______________________.一直往前走，你會在這條路的盡頭找到那家醫(yī)院。④Ourdiscussion____________________becauseofhersuddenarrival.她的突然到來終止了我們的討論。答案：①atanend②endupbeing③attheendoftheroad④cametoanenda(great)numberof許多；大量的[教材原句]Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecausethequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.那么多的人喪生是因為地震發(fā)生在人們睡覺的時候。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(1agreat/largenumberof,agreat/goodmany,quiteafew))eq\a\vs4\al(＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式＋,復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞)(2)thenumberof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋單數(shù)謂語動詞eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(3agreatdealof,agreat/largeamountof,largeamountsof))＋不可數(shù)名詞eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(4alotof/lotsof,agreat/largequantityof/quantitiesof,massesof,plentyof))＋eq\a\vs4\al(可數(shù)名,詞復(fù)數(shù),形式或,不可數(shù),名詞)【即景活用】(1)單句語法填空①AsChinadevelopsfastandsteadily,anumberofforeigners________(learn)Chineseasasecondlanguage.②Agreatdealofmoney________(donate)toauniversitybyanordinaryworker,whicharousedpublicattention.③Withmoreandmoreforestscutdown,largequantitiesofsoil________(wash)away.答案：①arelearning②wasdonated③arebeingwashed(2)單句改錯Thenumberofrichpeoplehaveadmittedthatdespitetheirsuccess,theyaren'thappy.________________________________________________________答案：The→A[句型與語法][教材原句]Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!世界似乎到了末日！(1)Itseems/seemedasif...看樣子好像……①It＋seems/seemed(＋tosb.)＋that...(對某人來說)好像……；似乎……②seem(tobe)＋adj./現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/介詞短語好像……③seemtodo/bedoing/havedone好像要做/在做/已經(jīng)做了……④Thereseems/seemedtobe...好像有……(2)此處asif引導(dǎo)表語從句。(3)asif也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句。如果asif引導(dǎo)的從句表示是真實的或是極有可能發(fā)生的情況時，句子要用陳述語氣。(4)當(dāng)從句中說話人所陳述的是不真實的或者極少可能發(fā)生或者存在的情況時，從句用虛擬語氣。從句謂語動詞的形式如下表：與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句時態(tài)用一般過去時(be動詞常用were)與過去事實相反從句時態(tài)用過去完成時與將來事實相反從句謂語動詞用“would/could/might＋動詞原形”【即景活用】(1)單句語法填空①Whenachopstickispartlyinwater,itseemsasifit________(be)broken.②Idon'tfeelmyselftoday.Iseem________(catch)acold.答案：①were②tohavecaught(2)完成句子____________________somethingiswrongwiththetelephone.看來這有點毛病。答案：Itseemsasif[教材原句]Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。all...not＝notall...部分否定，也稱半否定。具有總括意義的代詞(each,everybody,everything,all,both等)、形容詞(plete,whole等)和副詞(pletely,always,wholly,altogether等)與否定詞not連用，構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。而no,none,never,nobody,neither,nothing,nomore,nolonger等表示否定意義的詞與謂語一起使用構(gòu)成了全部否定?！炯淳盎钣谩?1)完成句子①________theeffortswillbeharvested,butalltheharvestmustbepaid.不是所有的付出都會有所收獲，但所有的收獲都必須有付出。②Hetoldmeallpiecesofthenews,but________wasveryexciting.他告訴了我所有的消息，但沒有一條激動人心的。答案：①Notall②none(2)單句改錯①Iloverunning,butnoeverybodyisborntobearunner.________________________________________________________②Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon'tagreewithsomething.________________________________________________________答案：①no→not②something→everything[教材原句]Youspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.評委會的五位評委聽了你的演講，他們都認(rèn)為你的演講是今年最好的。(1)這是一個含有兩個從句的復(fù)合句，allofwhom引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句，其中whom指代fivejudges；而agreed后面跟了一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。在定語從句中，eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(allofwhom...＝andallofthem...,whom指人,allofwhich...＝andallofthem...,which指物))(2)在主從復(fù)合句中，對某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why等)兩類。關(guān)系詞通常有三個作用：①連接主從句；②指代先行詞；③在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個句子成分。關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：指代對象指代人指代物使用情況主語who,thatwhich,that從句中缺少主語賓語whom,thatwhich,that從句中缺少賓語定語whosewhose先行詞與空后的名詞有所屬關(guān)系【即景活用】單句語法填空①About100peopleattendedthemeeting,mostof________Iwasnotfamiliarwith.②Allthepresents________yourfriendsgaveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbeputaway.③Hewaslatefortheopeningceremony,________wasverysurprisingtome.④LuXun,________realnameisZhouShuren,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.答案：①whom②that③which④whoseAterribleearthquakehitthecityofTangshanonJuly28,1976,in__1__thousandsofpeoplediedandmanywereinjured.Manyhousesfelldownandsand__2__(fill)thewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewere__3__(great)shocked.Alltheelectricityinthecitywascut__4__andpeoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Thewholecitywaspletely__5__(destroy)anditseemedasiftheworldwasatan__6__.ThepeopleofTangshandidn'tlosehope,because150,000soldiersweresent__7__(help)therescueworkers.Thesoldierstriedtheirbesttodigoutthosewho__8__(trap).Theyalsobuiltsheltersforthesurvivors.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybyeverymeans.__9__(slow),thecitybegantoebacktolife.__10__wassaidthatbeforethequake,strangethingswerehappeninginthecountryside.Thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell.Fishjumpedoutoftheponds.Strangenoiseswereheardinthesky,butpeoplethoughtlittleofthem.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________答案：1.which2.filled3.greatly4.off5.destroyed6．end7.tohelp8.weretrapped9.Slowly10.ItⅠ.單句語法填空1．I________(trap)intheheavyrainonthewaytoschoolyesterday.答案：wastrappedbetrappedin“被困在……”。2．Aftersheheardthenews,therewasanexcited________(express)onherface.答案：expression由空前的“anexcited”可知，應(yīng)填名詞expression“表情”。3．WhenafirebrokeoutattheNationalExhibitioninLondon,atleasttenpricelesspaintings________(destroy)．答案：weredestroyed動詞destroy“毀滅；毀掉”，此處表被動，且指過去發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。4．Themeetingcameto________endandhesetdownmanykeypoints.答案：anetoanend“結(jié)束”。5．Don'tforgettopraisethem________(sincere)whensomeonedoessomethinggood.答案：sincerely副詞sincerely“真誠地”，在此處修飾動詞praise。6．Hewasreplacedbyanothermidfielderbecauseofhis________(injure)．答案：injury由空前的his可知，應(yīng)填名詞injury“受傷；傷害”。7．Thankyouforyourletterconveying________(congratulate)onmyappointment.答案：congratulations由空前的現(xiàn)在分詞conveying可知，應(yīng)填名詞。congratulation“祝賀”，且常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8．Thenewsofthesuddendeathoftheyoungfamouspianistcamethismorning,whichmadehisfans________(shock)．答案：shocked此處形容詞shocked“感到震驚的”作賓語補足語。9．Thegovernmentthinks________(high)ofhisinventionbecauseitwillbenefitthewholecountry.答案：highlythinkhighlyof“高度評價……”，是固定搭配。10．Inahurry,wearrivedatacabininthemountaintoshelter________therain.答案：fromshelterfromtherain“躲雨”。Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Thestonewassoheavyforhimtomove,sohecalledhisfriendstohelp.________________________________________________________答案：第一個so→tootoo...todo“太……而不能”。2．Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark,buriedherheadinthebookinherhands.________________________________________________________答案：buried→burying此處burying是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。3．Judgedfromhisappearance,heseemstoberich.________________________________________________________答案：Judged→Judgingjudgingfrom...“由……來判斷”。4．Ithinktherearethenumberofopportunitiestogetmoreenergy.________________________________________________________答案：the→aanumberofopportunities“許多機會”。5．ThenewsthatDonaldTrumpwaselectedPresidentoftheUSAmadethewholeworldextremeshocked.________________________________________________________答案：extreme→extremelyextremely副詞“極其，非?！?，此處修飾形容詞shocked。Ⅲ.語法填空ThewiveswholivedwithinthewallsoftheWeinsbergCastleinGermanywerewellawareoftherichesitheld:gold,silver,jewels,andwealthbeyondbelief.Thenthedaycamein1140ADwhenalltheir__1__(value)treasurewasthreatened.Welf,theDukeofBavaria,sat__2__(trap)insidehisWeinsbergCastle.OutsidethecastlewallslaythearmyofFrederick,theDukeofSwabia,__3__hisbrother,theEmperorKonrad,__4__armyhadsurroundedthecastleanddemandedthefortunesandthelivesofthemenwithin.Althoughtheconqueringmanderhadsetaconditionforthesafereleaseofallthewomenandchildren,thewivesinWeinsbergrefused__5__(leave)withouthavingtheirownconditionmet.Theydemandedthattheybeallowedtofilltheirarms__6__asmanypossessionsastheycouldcarryout.Thinkingthatthewomencouldn't__7__(possible)takemuch,theymettheirrequest.Whenthecastlegatesopened,thearmyoutsidewasbroughtto__8__(tear):everywomanwascarryingherhusband!Konradassuredthewomenoftheirhusbands'plete__9__(safe)andfreedom.Heinvitedthemalltoabanquetand__10__(make)peacewiththeDukeofBavariaontermsmuchmorefavorablethanexpected.Afterwards,thecastlewasknownforwomen'sloyalty.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了德國Weinsberg城堡，該城堡以婦女的忠誠聞名于世。1．valuable/invaluable考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幮揎椕~treasure且表示“(極)寶貴的”，故用value的形容詞形式valuable或invaluable。2．trapped考查非謂語動詞。動詞trap和主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，表示“(已經(jīng))被困城堡之內(nèi)”，故用過去分詞trapped作主語補足語，表明主語的狀態(tài)。3．a(chǎn)nd考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，該句中的“Frederick,theDukeofSwabia”和“hisbrother,theEmperorKonrad”之間是并列關(guān)系，故用and。4．whose考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，army和先行詞之間是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose引導(dǎo)該定語從句。5．toleave考查非謂語動詞。refusetodosth.為固定短語，表示“拒絕做某事”，此處表示，城堡里的婦女要求滿足她們的條件，否則就拒絕離開。6．with考查介詞。fill(sth.)withsth.為固定用法，意為“用……填滿……”，故填with。7．possibly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幮揎梽釉~take，故用副詞形式。8．tears考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。tear為可數(shù)名詞，此處構(gòu)成固定搭配bringsb.totears，意為“使某人流淚”，故用tear的復(fù)數(shù)形式tears。9．safety考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)該句中的“plete...andfreedom”可知，形容詞plete修飾空處所填詞，空處與名詞freedom為并列關(guān)系，故用名詞形式safety。10．made考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“Heinvitedthem”及全文時態(tài)可知，此處陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時。Ⅳ.短文改錯I'mwritingthise-mailtoaskyouforhelp.AsanEnglishsonglover,IhaveastrongdesiretotakingpartintheEnglishsongcontesttobeheldinnextmonth.ThesongI'vedecidedtosingwasSkyfall.Tosingthissongbetter,Iamwonderingifyoucouldtellmeanythingaboutthebackgroundinformationsofthesong.What'smore,couldyouspendsometimelisteningtothesongandgivingmyselfsomeadvice?Sinceyou'renativeEnglishspeakerandexpertinsinging,Isincerehopeyoucangivemeahand.Iwouldappreciateitwhetheryoucouldsendmeareplyatyourearliestconvenient.Thankyouinadvance.答案：I'mwritingthise-mailtoaskyouforhelp.AsanEnglishsonglover,Ihaveastrongdesiretoeq\o(taking,\s\do14(①take))partintheEnglishsongcontesttobeheldeq\o(eq\o(in,＼),\s\do14(②))nextmonth.ThesongI'vedecidedtosingeq\o(was,\s\do14(③is))Skyfall.Tosingthissongbetter,Iamwonderingifyoucouldtellmeeq\o(anything,\s\do14(④something))aboutthebackgroundeq\o(informations,\s\do14(⑤information))ofthesong.What'smore,couldyouspendsometimelisteningtothesongandgivingeq\o(myself,\s\do14(⑥me))someadvice?Sinceyou'reeq\o(∧,\s\do14(⑦a))nativeEnglishspeakerandexpertinsinging,Ieq\o(sincere,\s\do14(⑧sincerely))hopeyoucangivemeahand.Iwouldappreciateiteq\o(whether,\s\do14(⑨if))youcouldsendmeareplyatyourearliesteq\o(convenient,\s\do14(⑩convenience)).Thankyouinadvance.難項分析：第二處：去掉next前的in考查介詞。表示時間的名詞前面有l(wèi)ast,next等修飾時，前面不用介詞。故將in去掉。第四處：anything→something考查代詞。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)該是告訴“我”“一些事情(something)”，而不是“任何事情(anything)”。故將anything改為something。第九處：whether→if考查連詞。whether和if作“是否”講，有時可以互換，但是此處應(yīng)表示的是條件，意為“如果”，這時只能用if。故將whether改為if。單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AMandaraseemedtoknowsomethingbigwasabouttohappen.Sosheletoutayell,caughtholdofher2-year-olddaughterKibibiandclimbedupintoatree.ShelivesattheNationalZooinWashingtonDC.AndonTuesday,August23rd,witnessessaidsheseemedtosensethebigearthquakethatshookmuchoftheEastCoastbeforeanyhumansknewwhatwasgoingon.Andshe'snottheonlyone.Inthemomentsbeforethequake,anorangutan(猩猩)letoutaloudcallandthenclimbedtothetopofhershelter.“It'sverydifferentfromtheirnormalcall，”saidBrandieSmith,thezookeeper.“Thelemurs(monkey-likeanimalsofMadagascar)willsoundanalarmiftheyseeorhearsomethinghighlyunusual.”Butyoucan'tseeorhearanearthquake15minutesbeforeithappens,canyou?Maybeyoucan—ifyou'reananimal.“Animalscanhearaboveandbelowourrangeofhearing，”saidBrandieSmith.“That'spartoftheirspecialabilities.They'remoresensitivetotheenvironment,whichishowtheysurvive.”Primatesweren'ttheonlyanimalsthatseemedtosensethequakebeforeithappened.Oneoftheelephantsmadeawarningsound.Andahugelizard(蜥蜴)ranquicklyforcover.Theflamingoes(akindofbirds)gatheredbeforethequakeandstayedtogetheruntiltheshakingstopped.Sowhatkindofvibrations(震動)weretheanimalspickingupinthemomentsbeforethequake?ScientistSusanHoughsaidearthquakesproducetwotypesofwaves—aweak“P”waveandthenamuchstronger“S”wave.The“P”standsfor“primary”.Andthe“S”standsfor“secondary”.Shethinksthe“P”wavemightbewhatsetstheanimalsoff.Notalltheanimalsbehavedunusuallybeforethequake.Forexample,Smithsaidthezoo'sgiantpandasdidn'tjumpupuntiltheshakingactuallybegan.Butmanyoftheotheranimalsseemedtoknowsomethingwasingbeforeithappened.“I'mnotsurprisedatall，”Smithsaid.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些動物的震前反應(yīng)。1．WhydidMandaraactstrangelyoneday?A．Becauseitsensedsomethingunusualwouldhappen.B．BecauseitsdaughterKibibiwasinjured.C．Becauseitheardanorangutanletoutaloudcall.D．Becauseanearthquakehadhappened.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一、二句“Mandaraseemedtoknowsomethingbigwasabouttohappen.So...intoatree.”可知，她覺察到會發(fā)生非同尋常的事。故選A。2．AccordingtoBrandieSmith,________.A．manyanimals'hearingissharpB．earthquakesproducetwotypesofwavesC．primatesusuallygathertogetherbeforeaquakeD．humanscanalsodeveloptheabilitytosenseaquake答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“‘Animalscanhearaboveandbelowourrangeofhearing，’saidBrandieSmith.”可知，動物的聽覺是很敏銳的。3．Whichanimalseemsunabletosenseaquake?A．Agiantpanda. B．Aflamingo.C．Alemur. D．Alizard.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Smithsaidthezoo'sgiantpandasdidn'tjumpupuntiltheshakingactuallybegan.”可知，大熊貓在地震之前是沒有異常反應(yīng)的。故選A。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowanimalssurviveaquakeB．HowanimalsdifferfromhumansC．HowanimalsbehavebeforeaquakeD．Howanimalsprotecttheiryounginaquake答案：C標(biāo)題判斷題。本文主要說的是地震發(fā)生前一些動物的表現(xiàn)。故選C。BOnApril14th,2010,myentirelifechangedinaninstant.OnemomentIwasjoyfullyridingthroughthesunshine.Thenextmoment,metal,fleshandbonewerespreadingagainstthepavementinathunderouscrash.Anothercyclist,bikingcarelessly,hadcutmeoffandsentmesupermanningtowardoningtraffic.Asiftosymbolizetheaccidentthathadhitmylife,anotherdisasteralsooccurredonApril14th,2010.Itcosttheairlineindustry$1.7billion.Tenmilliontravelerswerestuckfordays.Economiesallovertheworldweredisturbed.ThiswastheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull,oneofIceland'smanyvolcanoes.However,volcanoesarenotallbad.Infact,theyarenecessary.Theyareresponsibleforthebirthofnewearth,andforthecreationofrichsoil.Thiseruptiongaveoff0.15milliontonsofcarbondioxideintotheatmospheredaily.Butcancelling48%oftheworld'sflighttravelsavedabout2.8milliontonsofCO2fromenteringtheatmosphere,temporarilydecreasingourcarbonfootprint.Similarly,theaccidenthadbadlyaffectedmyemotionbutitalsoallowedmetolookmorecloselyinsidemyselfanddiscoverthingsaboutmyselfIneverwouldhaverealized.Ilearnedhownottojudgemyselfformynewlimitations.In1973,anotherIcelandicvolcano,Eldfell,brokeout.Icelandersdecidedtobombitwithcoldwateruntilitfrozeandchoseadifferentpath.Aftertheirplanworkedtheyusedthegeothermal(地?zé)?energyforthenext15yearstoheattheirhomes.Agoodexampleoflifebringinglemons,andmakinglemonade!Onemustmoveonfrommisfortunes,focusingonlyonthepresentmomentandbeinghopefulforthefuture.IranfromApril14th,2010,toeverykindofescape.EventuallyIendedupinuniversityforanew-foundloveinEarthsciences.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。這是一篇關(guān)于從災(zāi)難中獲得啟示的文章，主要講了雖然發(fā)生在作者生命當(dāng)中的災(zāi)難事故給其帶來了巨大的沖擊，但作者也從中得到啟示：要在災(zāi)難中前進(jìn)，在災(zāi)難中看到希望。5．WhathappenedtothewriteronApril14th,2010?A．Hewasinvolvedinacarcrash.B．HewasstuckinIceland'sairport.C．Hewitnessedavolcaniceruption.D．Hewasbadlyinjuredonabikeride.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第一段第二、三句“OnemomentIwasjoyfullyridingthroughthesunshine.Thenextmoment,metal,flesh,andbonewerespreadingagainstthepavementinathunderouscrash.”可知，作者在前一時刻還在快樂地穿越陽光騎行，下一時刻就發(fā)生了震耳欲聾的車禍，金屬、血肉、還有骨頭在人行道上橫飛，所以作者是在騎車過程中嚴(yán)重受傷。故選D。6．WhichwasaneffectoftheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull?A．Economywascostgloballybytheeruption.B．Carbondioxidewasincreasedtemporarily.C．TheearthinIrelandwasterriblypolluted.D．Mostoftheworld'splaneswereheldup.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第二段最后兩句“Economiesallovertheworldweredisturbed.ThiswastheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull,oneofIceland'smanyvolcanoes.”可知，Eyjafjallajokull火山的爆發(fā)，使得全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)受到了打擊。故選A。7．WhydidthewritermentiontheEldfellvolcano?A．ItbrokeoutinIcelandonApril14thaswell.B．Itsymbolizedtheaccidentthatchangedhislife.C．Itencouragedhimtoknowmoreabouthimself.D．Ittoldustomakethemostofgivensituation.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Onemustmoveonfrommisfortunes,focusingonlyonthepresentmomentandbeinghopefulforthefuture.”可知，提到Eldfell火山是為了告訴人們在不幸當(dāng)中繼續(xù)前行，關(guān)注于現(xiàn)在，寄希望于未來。故選D。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthep