上海市高考?jí)狠S卷英語(yǔ)

絕密★啟封前

2021上海市高考?jí)狠S卷

英語(yǔ)

考生注意：

1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分150分。

2.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。試卷分為第I卷（第1一12頁(yè)）和第II卷（第13頁(yè)），

全卷共13頁(yè)。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上

一律不得分。

答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫也考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置上,在答題

紙反而清楚地填寫姓名。

第I卷（共103分）

Listeningprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheend

ofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,read

thefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestion

youhaveheard.

1.A.5minutes.B.10minutes.C.15minutes.D.25minutes.

2.A.Atschool.B.Inashop.C.Inarestaurant.D.Athome.

3.A.Exciting.B.Well-paid.C.Boring.D.Tough.

4.A.Abusdriver.B.Ahouseagent.C.Adeliveryman.D.Asalesperson.

5.A.Thefilmtowatch.B?Thecoursetoattend.

C.Thelanguagetolearn.D.Theoptiontoabandon.

6.A.Heshouldworkharder.B.Heshouldn'tturndowntheoffer.

C.Heshouldn*tloseheart.D.Heshouldbeenvironmentallyconscious.

7.A.Expressheropinionsmoreclearly.

B.Makeanothercopyofherpaper.

C.Correctsomegrammaticalerrors.

D.Indicatethesourcesofthequotesinherpaper.

8.A.Themandoesn*tknowifthereissuchamachine.

B.Themachineisontherightsideoftheentrance.

C.Themachinemaynotbefunctioningproperly.

D.Thewomancanfindthemachinebyfollowingthesigns.

9.A.Thenewshoesareworthatry.

B.Hethinksshoppingisawasteofmoney.

C.Hedoesn,twanttcgiveanymentsontheshoes.

D.Theshoesarenotsuitableforthewoman.

10.A.Moredoctorsshoulcbedoingresearch.

B.Heisonthewaytobeingadoctor.

C.Anewmedicaltreatmentisavailablesoon.

D.Hehasalreadytriedthenewmedicine.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,ycuwillhearseveralpassagesandlongerconversations,aftereach

passageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversations

willbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,read

thefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestion

youhaveheard.

聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。

11.A.Disability.B.Sickness.C.Pressure.D.Unemployment.

12.A.Becausehehastwokids.B.Becausehedoesn,tliketowork.

C.Becausehiswifeisbusy.D.Becausehemakeslessmoneythanhiswife.

13.A.Sharingfeelingsofanxiety.

B.Feelinglonelyandshortoffriends.

C.Facingworriesabouttheirself-worth.

D.Missingthehappytimewithformercolleagues.

聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。

14.A.Toemphasizethedisadvantagesoffastfashion.

B.Tocriticizefashionindustryforitsfastdevelopment.

C.Tointroducesomestrategiesforchoosingdailydress.

D.Toadvocateanenvironment-friendlyconceptofclothes.

15.A.Thestylesoftheclothesoftenchangerapidlywiththetime.

B.Theclothesoftencopythestylesoffamousdesignerbrands.

C.Anumberofunfashionableclothesareburntorgointolandfill.

D.Creotingsuchclothesusuallywastealargeamountofenergy.

16.A.Itisregardedasthesymboloffastfashion.

B.Itisanagreeabletrendinthefashionindustry.

C.Itisverypopularthankstomassiveproductivity.

D.Itismadebyenvironment-friendlyartificialmaterials.

聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。

17.A.Thewaytogetaproperpromotion.

B.Thereasontosetanexampleforthestaff.

C.Thekeyelementsofacapablesupervisor.

D.Thedamagethatproblememployeesmaycause.

18.A.Hecan'tgetalongwellwithothers.

B.Heisnotgoodattrainingpeople.

C.Heisnotfamiliarwithmarketing.

D.Helacksrelevantexperience.

19.A.Heisgoodatcoachingpeople.

B.Hehasworkedindifferentteams.

C.Hecanfindpotentialproblememployees.

D.Hecandisciplinepeoplewithoutbeingmean.

20.A.Fullyunderstandhisresponsibility.

B.Workhardandgetalongwellwithothers.

C.Qualifyemployeestobereadyforchanges.

D.Understandthevaluesandgoalsofthepany.

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherent

andgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproper

form,ofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

ScientistsconfirmedMondaythataskeleton(骷髏)foundunderacarparkintheEnglishcity

ofLeicesterwasthatofKingRichardIII,inaweirdendtoa500-yeiir-oldmystery.

DNAfromthebones21.(match)thatofexistinggenerationoftheking'ssisterandthe

skeletonhadthebattleinjuriesconsistent22.contemporaryaccounts.

Theremainsoftheking,viewedasoneofEnglishhistory'sworstguys,willbereburiedlater

inthelocalchurch.

Thediscoveryhascausedhugeexcitementamonghistorians,asitprovidesfirmevidence

aboutarulerwhoselife23.(shadow),inspiteofofficialrecords,byrumours(謠言)concerning

hiscoldbloodsincehisdeathattheBailieofBosworthin1485.

Accordingtohistoricalaccounts,Richard'sbodywastransportednakedandbloodyonthe

backofapackhorsetoLeicesterbeforebeingburiedinanunmarkedgraveatGreyfriars,a

FranciscantempleinthecentralEnglishcity.

ThenthecrownpassedtotheTudorrulerswhopaintedRichardasanuglybadguywho

stoppedat24.inhispursuitofpower,evenmurderinghistwoyoungnephews,theso-called

PrincesintheTower,25.(secure)thepower.

Thehuntforhisbodybeganyearsagowhenarchaeologists(考古學(xué)家)startedtodigbeneath

themunicipalcarpark26.thekingwassupposedlyburied.Theyfinallyfoundiheskeleton.

OnMondayarchaeologistssaidtheskeletonconfirmedthatthekinghadsevereinjuryinihe

backbone.Itmayhavebeenpainfulandcausedhisrightshouldertoappearhigherthanhisleft,

buttherewasnoevidenceofthedeformedarm27.(mention)inShakespeare^"RichardIir.

Historiansnowhope(oclearsomeofthemythsaboutRichard,28.(publicize)evidenceto

argueagainsttheclaimthathekilledthetwoyoungprinces.Tlieyintendtofocuson29.Richard

achievedinhisbrieftwo-yearruling,includingiheestabiishmenlofasystemoflegalaid.

AccordingtoPhilippaLangley,amemberoftheRichardIIISociety,30.cruelRichardIII

appearedtobeinthepast,anewimagewillemergeoftheking.*'WehavesearchedforRichard

andweliavefoundhim.Nowit'stimetohonourshesaid.

SectionB

Directions:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybe

usedonce.Notethatthereisorewordmorethanyouneed.

A.financialB.implementedC.supportD.roughlyE.assignedF.immediate

GconlributingH.practiceI.purchaseJ.disadvantagedK.supplying

Stockingtheshelves

Whenyougotoagroccr);store,youexpecttopayforyourgoodswithmoney.Butstudents

atahighschoolinTexas,US.openedastorethatrunsongooddeeds.

InNovember,studentsfromLindaTuUHighSchoolinthecityofSangerlaunchedagrocery

storethatenablesstudentsto31,necessitiessuchastoiletpaper,meatandbasicfooditemsusing

apointsystem.Thestoreaims(osupportfamiliesinneed.

“Inourschooldistrict,thereare32.2,750studentsenrolledandthroughoutthedistrict,43

percentofthesestudentsareconsideredeconomically33.「AnthonyLove,principalofLinda

TutttoldCNN."About3.6percentofourstudentsarcconsideredhomeless.Wethoughtitwas

importantto34.themandtheirfamiliesandmakesuretheyhadfoodonthetable.,,

Studentsearnpointsby35.positivelytotheschool.Eorthosestudentsfrompoorfamilies,

thepointsystemhasprovidedawayfbrthemtoshopfbrtheirfamilies,accordingtoLove."They

cancampointsfbrdoingchoresaroundthebuildingorhelpingtoclean,Mhesaid.

WiththehelpofpartnerslikeTexasHealth.AlbertsonsandFirstRefugeMinistries,the

schoolwasable(ostocktheshc'ves.

Thenumberofpointsforeachitemwasactually36.bythestudents.tlSowewalkedthrough

hereanddecided(hatacanofgreenbeanswasonepoint,MsaidPaulJuarez,theexecutivedirector

ofFirstRefugeMinistries.

Juarezsaidthathehopestheideagets37.inotherareas.”【tgivesusapictureofwhatcan

be.Soifwccandothisinsideotherschools,itwilldoawholelottohelpothersmalltowns.”

Inadditiontolhe38.benefits,studentsalsolearnaboutsupplymanagementandcustomer

service,andsuchlessonscouldpreparethemforfuturejobs.

Thegrocerystore'sstudentmanager,HunterWccrtman,saidhehasalreadylearnedimportant

lifeskillsfromhisexperiencealthestore,suchasmakinggoodspendingchoicesandbudgeting.

Thestore39.wasalsowcledbyThomasMuir,Sangersmayor.4tWcallhadourfirstjobsand

ittaughtushowtowork,andwhatyougotforyourwork,”hesaid."Ithinkthiswilldothatfor

themtoo,andalsomeetan40.need.”

III.Readingprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,

B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Manythingshappenwhenpeopleareageing.Apartfromthegreyinghairandwrinkledskin,

thereisa（n）41changewhicheswitholderage.Whenhumansreachtheirlateryears,

theyfavourmorelong-term42andtheirsocialcireleisreduced.

Now,forwhatappearstobethefirsttime,scientistshaveseenthesame43in

anotherspecies.Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees（猩猩）revealthatoldermales

choosetokeepcontactwithiheir44friendsaltheexpenseofotherrelationships.

Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016that

followedthesocial45of21malechimpanzeesbetweentheagesof15and58yearsold.

Theyclassifiedthechimps*46dependingontheamountoftimetheysatwithothersand

groomed（梳毛）them.They（henrated（分類）thevariouspairingsasmutual（相互的）friendships,

wherebothchimpsseemedloenjoytherelationship;47friendships,whereonechimp

wasmorekeenlobefriendsthantheother;andnon-friendships,whereneitherchimpshowed___

48theother.

Whenthescientistslookedalthe49offriendships,theyfoundthattheolderchimps

hadmoremutualfriendshipsandfewerone-sidedfriendshipsthanyoungerchimps.Another_

50seeninolderhumanswasalsospottedinthechimps.Asthemalesgotolder,Iheirlevelsof

51giaduallybeeless,nieaniiigtheystaitedfeweifightsandtendedtuthieateiiutheisintheii

grouplessoften.

Theobservationshavelefttheresearchers52.Accordingtoanideainpsychology

knownassocio-emotionalselectivitytheory,olderhumansprefermare53relationships

becausetheyareawarethatlimeisrunningout.Howevermanyanimalexpertsarguethat

chimpanzees54thehumansenseofmortality（？Et）,suggestingsomethingelseis

drivingthebehaviour.

RobinDunbar,aprofessorofevolutionarypsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,saidin

humans,the55socialcircleswithageisdue（odecliningsocialmotivationtogetoutand

meetpeoplebinedbylackofopportunity.Inchimpanzees,asoldermalespetelessformates,they

mayfocusonclose,reciprocal（互忠的）relationshipswithtrustedpartners,hesaid.

41.A.physicalB.intellectualC.emotionalD.functional

42.A.habitsB.friendsC.tasksD.ideas

43.A.problemB.obstacleC.struggleD.behaviour

44.A.establishedB.respectiveC.experiencedD.thoughtful

45.A.skillsB.reputationsC.interactionsD.positions

46.A.intelligenceB.relationshipsC.popularityD.performances

47.A.easy-goingB.warm-heartedC.self-relyingD.one-sided

48.A.respectforB.couragetoC.interestinD.loyaltyto

49.A.patternsB.importanceC.meaningsD.development

50.A.instinctB.disadvantageC.featureD.belief

51.A.responsibilityB.aggressionC.reliabilityD.advancement

52.A.delightedB.amusedC.relivedD.puzzled

53.A.unknownB.positiveC.insecureD.senseless

54.A.lackB.obtainC.imitateD.abandon

55.A.absencefromB.isolationfromC.decreaseinD.distinctionin

SectionB

Direction：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedsattments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethe

onethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

JessicaReindahlhadbigdreamsgrowingupasanonlychildinamilitaiyfamily-shewanted

tofly,servehercountryand,finally,helppeople.

“Iwantedtoflybecause1justlovedtheexcitementtogetoff-deckandintheair,“Reindahl

says.UIwantedtoservemycountrybecauseIwantedtobeapartofsomethingbiggerthanallof

us

ReindahTsfirsttwodreamscametnieduringanine-yearserviceintheU.S.Navy.Reindahl

workedasaflightengineeronnavalaircraftsince2007.“Ikepttheplanereadytoflybothonthe

groundandintheair,“Reindahlsays.

WhileintheMiddleEast,ReindahlmetanursewhoflewintheNavy.UIsawhowdevoted

andpresenttheywerewiththecareoftheirpatientsanditpletelyinspiredme,“Reindahlsays.

“Fromthatday,IknewIwantedtobeanurse.M

Whensheleftactivedutyin2016,ReindahlappliedtoUW-EauClaireforanursingdegree.

Andherfinalgoalwillbeachievedthismonthwhenshegraduates.

“1wanttogiveback,^^Reindahlsays.lovelearningaboutscience,andifthatcansavea

life,ormaketheworldbetter,thenIwanttohelp;,

Dr.MeganLagunas,assistantprofessoroftheCollegeofNursingandHealthSciences,

regardsReindahlassomeonewhowillbeanasseltothenursingprofession/'Jessica'sdiHerent

background''allowshertobringherownperspective(視角)lonursingschoolwhichpositively

challengeseveryoneinthoselearningenvironmentstothinkbeyondtheirownviewpoint,“

Lagunassays."Thenursingprofessionisluckytohaveher.^^

56.WhydidJessicaReindahlwanttofly?

A.Becauseshelikedthefeelingofflying.B.Becauseshewantedtoservehercountry.

C.Becauseshedecidediofollowherfaiher.D.Becauseshemeaniiogivebackioothers.

57.WhatinspiredReindahltobeanurse?

A.Herdifferentbackground.B.Herexperiencewithanurse.

C.Herdevotiontohercountry.D.Herprofessor'sencouragement.

58.Whatdocstheunderlinedphrase“anasset'inParagraph7referto?

A.Aluckyperson.B.Alearnedperson.C.Avaluableperson.D.Apowerfulperson.

59.WhatcanwclearnfromRcindahl'sstory?

A.Likefather,likeson.B.Rosesgiven,fragranceinhand.

C.G(xlhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.D.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.

(B)

GrandCanyonNationalPark

LocatedentirelyinnorthernArizona,theparkcovers277milesoftheColoradoRiverand

adjacentuplands.Oneofthemostspectacularexamplesoferosionanywhereintheworld.Grand

Canyonisunmatchedintheinparablevistasitofferstovisitorsontherim.GrandCanyon

NationalParkisaWorldHeritageSite.

ParkOpeningsandClosings

TheVillageandDesertViewontheSouthRimareopenallyearandparkentrancesremain

open24hoursaday.NorthRimfacilitiesopenmidMayandclosemidOctober.Parkentrances

remainopen24hoursadayduringthistime.Hoursforvisitorcentersandbusinessesvary

throughouttheyear.

ParkInformation

TheparkproducesaPocketMapwithaNorthRimandSouthRimeditionthatcontainsa

mapandinfonnalionaboutservices,facilities,andparkrangerprograms.ItisavailableinFrench.

German.Japanese,Italian,Spanish.Korean,andChinese.Ahikingbrochureisavailableforthose

planningtohikeoneofthepark'smaintrailsdownintoGrandCanyon.Obtainpublicationsat

entrancestations,visitorcenters,orat

Accessibility

ManyofthefacilitiesatGrandCanyonarehistoricandbuiltbeforecurrentaccessibility

standardswereset.Theterrainisruggedwithnarrow,rockytrailsandsteepcliffs.Visitorsusing

wheelchairsorhavingvisualimpairmentsmayneedassistance.Formoreinformationabout

accessibilityinGrandCanyonNaiionalPark,see.

ParkEntranceFees

Feescollectedsupportprojectsinthepark.Admissiontotheparkis$35perprivatevehicle;

$30permotorcycle;and$20perpersonenteringtheparkviaGrandCanyonRailway,parkshuttle

bus.privateraftingtrip,walking,orridingabicycle.Thepasscanbeusedforsevendaysand

includesbothrims.Payfeesatparkentrancestationsoratsomebusinessesoutsidethepark.

EveryyeartheNationalParkServiceoffersentrancefeefreedays.Forpletefeeinformation,

includingAnnual,ActiveMilitary,Senior,andAccesspasses,visit.

Sustainability

GrandCanyonNationalParkincorporatessustainabililyintoallaspectsofitsoperations.Use

yourrefillablewaterbottletofilluponfreeGrandCanyonspringwateratmajortrailheads,visitor

centersandgrocerystores.Pleaserecycle-recyclingcontainersareconvenientlylocatedandas

monastrashbins.Discoverwhatelseyoucandotoprotecttheenvironmentwhiletravelinghere

andbeyondat.

60.Peoplewithphysicaldisabilitiescanfinddetailedinformationonparkfacilitiesdesignedfor

thembyvisiting.

61.Whatis(headmissionfeeifyouandyourparentsplantogoona(cn-dayvacationtoGrand

CanyonNationalParkbydrivingacar?

A.$35.B.S60.C.$70.D.$120.

62.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Visitorshaveyear-roundaccesstoeverycornerofthenationalpark.

B.HikerswhocanonlyspeakChinesecannotexploretheNorthRmwithoutaninterpreter.

C.TheGrandCanyonfeaturesisoneoftheworld'smostvisuallybreathtakinglandscapes.

D.VisitorsareforbiddentoleaveanytrashintheNationalParktomaintainsustainability.

(C)

Aseismic(地震的;重大的)shiftinclimatesciencemightbeheatingup.

Newresearchshowsthatsoundwaves,producedbyearthquakescanbeusedtomeasure

temperaturesintheoceanwhichtraps90%oftheheatEarthabsorbsfromthesun,making

long-termchangesinoceanwarmih,amiijorfactorinhowtheworldmighirespondioglobal

warming.

ForyearsthemainapproachofmeasuringoceantemperaturehasbeenArgo,anarray(陣歹U)

of4000automaticfloats,whichdriftstheglobe,samplingoceanwalerandmeasuringits

lemperature.YetArgomeasurementsstopat2000meters.

Thenewtechniquecalled"SeismicOceanThermometry”,wouldbeespeciallyusefulin

detectinglong-termchangesinoceantemperaturesdeeperthanArgo'sreach.

“OceanAcousticTomography"，thebasisforthecurrentresearch,wasfirsttestednearly30

yearsago.Theinitialstudiescreatedsoundwavesartificially,basicallyincreasingthevolumeon

gianlundenvaterspeakers.Scientistsmeasuredthesound'straveltimefiomthespeakersto

receiversthousandsofkilometersaway.Becauseoceantemperaturesaffectthespeedofthewaves,

theresearcherscouldcalculateaveragetemperaturesalongtheirpaths.Butsomebelievedthe

noisewasathreattooceanlifeandthetechniquenevertookoff.

Thenewstudyinsteadusesanaturalsoundsourcetorinvestigation：earthquakesmakinga

low,continuousnoisebeneaththeseaflooroffthecoastofSumatrathatdrumupsoundwavesin

theocean.OntheshoresoftheChagosIslandsintheEastIndianOcean,between2005and2016

SeismicStationDiegoGarciarecordedseismicwavesproducedbythoseearthquakes.Someof

thosewavescreatedphysicalchangesinlandandseaastheytraveled.Othersweresoundwaves

orTwavesthatmovedthroughthedeepocean,deliveringvaluabledataaboutoceantemperature.

12yearsofdatacoupledwithmathematicalmodelspointedtoatemperalurechangeof

roughly0.044degreesperdecade,atrendlargerthanthosepredictedbyArgo.Thefindings

suggestthatSeismicOceanThermometryisafeasiblemethodtomeasurechangesinocean

temperature.Furtherdatafromotherregionsoftheglobeandothertimeframeswouldhelp

improvethewarningmodelsandpredictions.

Andinfuturestudiestheresearchersplantolistendirectlyforsoundwaves,usinganetwork

ofhydrophones,microphoneswhichdetectsoundwavesunderwater.Soundwavessetthetone

foradeepdiveintoourwarmingoceanseveniftheyfailtoreach60000milesunderthesea?

63.WhatdisadvantagedoesAigohave?

A.Itsreachislimited.B.Ittakeslongtocollectsamples.

C.Itdocsn^workglobally.D.Itspredictionisn'treliableatall.

64.1(canbelearnedihaiOceanAcousticTomography.

A.wastestedmanytimesbutreversucceeded

B.remainedunpopularforfearofpotentialharm

C.wasassumedtobetooplicatedtobecontrollable

D.measuredoceantemperaturejustasthenewresearchdoes

65.Itcanbeinferredfrom(henewfindingsthat.

A.somewanningisworkingitswaydeeperintotheocean

B.oceantemperatureisrisingfasterowingtoearthquakes

C.soundtravelsfasterincolderwaterthaninhotterwater

D.soundwaveswillslowdownthewarmingoftheocean

66.Whichisthebesttitlefor(hepassage?

A.SoundWavesFirstAppliedtoClimateScience.

B.NewFactorsFoundtoBeHeatinguptheOcean.

C.ANaturalApproachHoldingBackGlobalWanning.

D.Ocean'sHiddenHeatMeasuredwithEarthquakeSounds.

SectionC

Directions:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentenceslistedbelow.Eachsentencecan

onlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.

A.Overthecourseoffivedecadestheirguidelineshavebeewidelyacceptedworldwide.

B.Theawarenessofanimalprotectioncontributestothedeclineofthenumber.

C.Humanvolunteersmustbeabletoreplacemonkeysmoreandmoreinthenext10to20years.

D.Newexperimentaltechniqueshelptopushnumbersdown.

E.ltssupporterspointtothelonglistofmedicaladvancesmadepossiblewiththehelpofanimal

research.

F.Thenumberoftheanimalsusedinresearchisstillconsiderable.

W：llExperimentationonAnimalsEnd?

Oneofthemostdebatableissuesinscienceistheuseofanimalsinresearch.Scientists

expcrimenionanimalsfordifferentreasons,includingbasicresearchtoexplorehoworganisms

function,investigatingpotentialtreatmentsforhumandisease,andsafetyandqualitycontrol

testingofdrugs,devicesandotherproducts.

67.However,opponentsbelieveitiscruelandmeaningless,asobservationsinanimalsoften

donottranslatedirectlytohumans.

In1959,WilliamRussellandRexBurchproposedtheirl*3RsMguidelinesformakingtheuse

ofanimalsinscientificresearchmorehumane:restricltheuseofanimals;refineexperimentsto

minimizedistress;andreplacetestswithalternativetechniques.68.Around29millionanimals

peryeararecurrentlyusedinexperimentsintheU.S.andEuropeansUnioncountries.Thisisless

ihanhalfthetotalinthemid-1970sasignificantdrop.

69.Improvementsinimagingmethodsthatofferalookinsidethebodiesofanimalsallow

scientiststogetmoreandbetterdatafromeachexperimentthanbefore.

Forexample,researcherspreviouslyhadtodoexperimentswithmultiplemiceatdifferent

stagesofcancerdevelopment,bitnowiheycanwatchthediseasedevelopinasingleliving

animalusingadye.Similarly,asbrain-imagingtechniquesbeemoreadvanced,somequestions

Ihalwereaddressedwithexperimentsinmonkeysbeforemaybebetteransweredbylookinginto

thehumanbrainnow,"70.”saysLarryCarbone,asenior獸醫(yī)）a（theUniversityof

CaliforniainSanFrancisco.

SectionD

Directions:Readthefollowngpassage,Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

HerbalMedicine

NothinginmylifehadpreparedmeforwhatIhadtodo.Choosingmywordscarefully,and

fightingtostaycalm.Itoldmy4-year-olddaughterthathergrandmotherhadsufferedastroke（中

風(fēng)）,thatshewasunconscious,andthatthedoctorssaidshewouldprobablyneverwakeup.As

shemovedclosertome,Amelialookedatme,eyesbright,andsaid,“MaybeGrandmawillbe

okay.”“MaybeshewillJIsaid,keepingbackthetears.ButIknewbetter.Iwasflyingupto

MyrtleBeach,SouthCarolina,fromourFloridahomeinthemorningtosaygood-byetomymom.

Therestofthatawfulweek,Ijoinedmybrotherandfathersittingbymymother'ssideinthe

hospitalroom.Iheldherhandandtalkedtoher.Itoldherthatwestillneededher.Itoldherthatit

wasn'ttimetoleaveyet.ItoldherhowmuchIlovedher.AndItoldherthatherlittle

granddaughter,Amelia,believedthatshe'dgetbetter.Thedoctors,withall（heiryearsoftraining

andexperience,offerednohopeforrecovery.Thedamagewassimplytooextensive.

Then,acoupleofweekslater,anoddthinghappened.Momwokeup.Sheregained

consciousness.Perseveredthroughalongandtoughrecovery,duringwhichshehadtolearnto

walk,read,andwritealloveragain,andeventually