閱讀理解推理判斷題 - 高考英語(yǔ) （解析版）

推理判斷題知識(shí)點(diǎn)一隱含推斷類鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出結(jié)論）,indicate（暗示，象征）,imply（暗示）,assume(假定，設(shè)想)迅速確定題型解題指導(dǎo)：瀏覽選項(xiàng)，首先排除對(duì)原文信息簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后，要善于抓住關(guān)鍵信息去分析判斷；整合全文/段信息進(jìn)行推斷：有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)行綜合推斷，才能確定最佳選項(xiàng)。無(wú)論哪種推斷形式必須立足原文，避免主觀臆斷。【真題典例】（2023年新高考I卷B篇）“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”27.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.(你把生物體放在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。知識(shí)點(diǎn)二觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干中表達(dá)情感的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等，如attitude（態(tài)度），outstanding（優(yōu)秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反對(duì)）,infavorof（贊成）,迅速確定題型。解題指導(dǎo)：認(rèn)真審題，明確“誰(shuí)對(duì)誰(shuí)”的態(tài)度，明確答題方向關(guān)注段落首尾句，推斷文章和段落主題，確定觀點(diǎn)注意作者或文中人物的措辭分析修飾語(yǔ)和字里行間所隱含的意思，切忌用自己觀點(diǎn)代替作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)；牢記觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度例詞支持肯定positive(積極的)、supportive(支持的)、optimistic(樂(lè)觀的)humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(熱情的)、pleasant(愉快的)；中立neutral(中立的)、objective(客觀的)、notmentioned(未提及的)、uninterested(不感興趣的)、indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)；否定反對(duì)negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(懷疑的)、disgusted(憎惡的)critical(批評(píng)的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不贊成的)?！菊骖}典例】（2023年新高考II卷D篇）Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudentstheresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.(盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故選D。知識(shí)點(diǎn)三寫(xiě)作意圖類鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞purpose（目的），intendto（打算），wanttotellus...（想要告訴我們），writethispassageto（寫(xiě)這篇文章為了）迅速確定題型。解題指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文章或段落主旨推斷作者寫(xiě)作意圖；根據(jù)文體推斷寫(xiě)作意圖記敘文：通常會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括性語(yǔ)言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有敘述都圍繞該哲理展開(kāi)（totellastory,toentertainreaders,toshareanexperience...）；應(yīng)用文：文章常對(duì)某事物或服務(wù)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹，使用具有明顯傾向性的語(yǔ)言（tosell,toattract,topersuade,topromote...）說(shuō)明文：其寫(xiě)作意圖依賴于對(duì)文章主題句的把握，應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)主題句（tointroduce,toexplain,toinform,tomakecomparisons...）；議論文：一般開(kāi)頭提出某論點(diǎn)，中間進(jìn)行論證，最后得出結(jié)論，寫(xiě)作意圖常隱含于最后一部分中?！菊骖}典例】（2023年新高考II卷B篇）OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.【答案】B【詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(這些年來(lái)，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來(lái)自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來(lái)清潔中國(guó)東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B。知識(shí)點(diǎn)四文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象類鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)設(shè)題方式迅速確定題型:Thispassagewouldbemostlikelytobefoundin．Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?Thetextisintendedfor．解題指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文章的話題和細(xì)節(jié)確定文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象根據(jù)文章的體裁和內(nèi)容判斷文章的中心話題廣告：語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔鮮明，有亮點(diǎn)；報(bào)刊：時(shí)事性強(qiáng)，分不同板塊，高考中常以政治、生活的話題為主；雜志：覆蓋生活各個(gè)層面，更貼近幕后，更貼近生活；產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)：對(duì)某產(chǎn)品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介紹；藥品說(shuō)明：說(shuō)明藥品的服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量、禁忌等；網(wǎng)絡(luò)：文體不限，找到clickhere，download，up-load，link，mouse,surf等網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)志【真題典例】1.（2023年新高考II卷C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，再根據(jù)文章第一段“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.(ReadingArt:ArtforBookLovers這一活動(dòng)是為書(shū)籍這一日常物品辦的典禮，這里有來(lái)自世界各地博物館的近三百件藝術(shù)品)”以及第二段第一句“Inthisbookofbooks”可推知，本文最有可能出自一世界各地的收藏品的一本書(shū)。故選A。（2023年新高考I卷A篇）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.21．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anexampaper. C．Acourseplan. D．Anacademicarticle.【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法)”和Essays(60%)部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主要文章將構(gòu)成本課程評(píng)分的主要部分)”可知，文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法。由此推知，本文是出自一個(gè)課程計(jì)劃。故選C項(xiàng)。考向一隱含推斷題（2023屆福建省廈門(mén)一中高三二模試題C篇）Toomuchtimespentongaming,smartphonesandwatchingtelevisionislinkedtoheightenedlevelsanddiagnoses(診斷)ofanxietyordepressioninchildrenasyoungasage2,accordingtoanewstudy.WhatdoweknowaboutTwengeandCampbell’sstudyaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Itrequiresfurtherresearch.B．Itbringschildrenlesscomfort.C．Itneedsgreaterabilitytofinish.D．Itgeneratesmorepublicconcern.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theywereparticularlyinterestedinassociationsbetweenscreentimeanddiagnosesofanxietyanddepressioninyouth,whichhasnotyetbeenstudiedingreatdetail.(他們對(duì)屏幕使用時(shí)間與青少年焦慮和抑郁診斷之間的關(guān)系特別感興趣，這一點(diǎn)尚未得到詳細(xì)研究。)”可推斷，Twenge和Campbell的研究還需要更進(jìn)一步。故選A?？枷蚨^點(diǎn)態(tài)度題Therearetimeswhenyouareatacriticalcrossroadswithastudentandtheroadyouchoosewillmakeallthedifference.Iknewatthatmomenttherightthingtodowastokneeldownnexttoherchair,andsoftlysay,“You’reright,Laura.Ihaveusedmywordsunwiselyandunkindly.Willyouforgiveme?”Shelookedmeintheeyeandsimplysaid,“Yes,Iforgiveyou,Mrs.Ekre.I’msorry,too.”Whichwordscanbestdescribethewriter?A．Caringbutstubborn. B．Tolerantandopen-minded.C．Strictandchangeable. D．Sincereandflexible.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題，根據(jù)“Iknewatthatmomenttherightthingtodowastokneeldownnexttoherchair,andsoftlysay,“You’reright,Laura.Ihaveusedmywordsunwiselyandunkindly.Willyouforgiveme?”Shelookedmeintheeyeandsimplysaid,“Yes,Iforgiveyou,Mrs.Ekre.I’msorry,too.”(我知道那一刻正確的做法是跪在她的椅子旁邊，輕聲說(shuō)：“你說(shuō)得對(duì)，勞拉。我用詞不明智和不友善。你會(huì)原諒我嗎？她看著我的眼睛，簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)：“是的，我原諒你，埃克雷太太。我也很抱歉。”)”可知，作者委身向?qū)W生Laura誠(chéng)摯地道歉并征得她的原諒，可以看出作者的寬容與豁達(dá)。故選B項(xiàng)?？枷蛉龑?xiě)作意圖題（2023屆湖南省九校聯(lián)盟第二次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題）“Howbeautifulthejasmine(茉莉花)is!Asweetsmellcoversthebuddingtwigs.Sofragrant,sowhite,admiredbyalllips.”ThefamedChinesefolksongJasmineFlowerhasreachedaglobalaudiencewithitsbeautifulmelodyandlyrics.EquallypopularisthetraditionallymadeJasminetea,whoseelegantfragranceandmellowtastefascinatecountlessteadrinkers.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofquotingthesongJasmineFlower?A．Totellusnottoneglectthesong.B．Toshowthepopularityofthesong.C．Tointroducethetopic—Jasminetea.D．ToclarifytheoriginofJasminetea.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ThefamedChinesefolksongJasmineFlowerhasreachedaglobalaudiencewithitsbeautifulmelodyandlyrics.EquallypopularisthetraditionallymadeJasminetea,whoseelegantfragranceandmellowtastefascinatecountlessteadrinkers.(中國(guó)著名民歌《茉莉花》以其優(yōu)美的旋律和歌詞贏得了全球觀眾的喜愛(ài)。同樣受歡迎的是傳統(tǒng)的茉莉花茶，其優(yōu)雅的香氣和醇香的口感吸引了無(wú)數(shù)飲茶者)”以及下文對(duì)傳統(tǒng)茉莉花茶的詳細(xì)介紹，可知本文第一段段首用著名的中國(guó)民歌《茉莉花》來(lái)引出文章主題——茉莉花茶。故選C?？枷蛩奈恼鲁鎏幓?qū)懽鲗?duì)象題（2023屆湖北省華中師范大學(xué)附中二檢試題）●HowtoEnter:1.Selecthowmanyimagesyouwanttoenter.2.Followthecheck-outprocesstopaytheentryfee.3.Selectyourimagesandupload;clickheretostart.Ifpossible,pleasenameeachimagewithyournameandthecategoryyouaresubmittinglikethis:“FirstName-LastName-Category.jpg”●Deadline:March31,2023Wherecanyouseethistextprobably?A．Inaphotographymagazine. B．InaphotographyguidebookC．Onawebsite. D．InaniPhonemanualbook.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)HowtoEnter部分中的“Selectyourimagesandupload;clickheretostart.(選擇您的圖片并上傳；單擊此處開(kāi)始)”可知，此處表明要在網(wǎng)上上傳照片，并點(diǎn)擊此處開(kāi)始，由此推知，該文出現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上。故選C項(xiàng)。（2023年新高考I卷A篇）WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車(chē)),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.21.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount. B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C.Itorganizesfreecycletours. D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題