2Unit3-英語九年級下冊

Unit3LanguageinuseModule8MyfuturelifeIknowthatyouwillbebetteratmaths.TheserosesaretothankthreegroupsofpeopleforthethreemostimportantthingsthatIhavelearnt.Igivethewhiterosetomyteachers,whohavetaughtmethatthereisnosuccesswithouteffort.I’msurethatyouallhaveyourownmemoriesaboutthehappinessofthelastthreeyears,andthepeoplewhomyouwanttothankforit.Readthesesentencesandthinkabouttheirstructures.AttributiveClauseThisisthefilmwhichIsawlastnight.ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic.ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy.Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm.JackandLucyaretheheroandtheheroinewholovedeachotherverymuchinthefilm.which指物，作賓語that指物，作主語whose指人，作定語whom指人，作賓語who指人，作主語定語從句在句中作定語,用來修飾某個名詞或代詞,這個名詞或代詞叫先行詞,而定語從句位于先行詞的后面。用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose)和關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)。關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,指代先行詞,并在從句中作一定成分,如作主語、賓語或狀語等。用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose。relativesusedforusedaswhichthingsubject（主語）

object（賓語）thatthingpersonwhopersonwhompersonobject（賓語）whoseperson/thingattribute（定語）◆that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that引導(dǎo)定語從句時,既可以指人,也可以指物,在從句中可以作主語或賓語。Heisapersonthatdoeswhathesays.

(person是先行詞,that在從句中作主語)

他是一個說話算數(shù)的人。ThecatthatIboughtyesterdayisill.(cat是先行詞,that在從句中作賓語)

我昨天買的那只貓病了?！魒ho引導(dǎo)的定語從句who引導(dǎo)定語從句時只能指人,在從句中可以作主語或賓語。

Afriendwho

helpsyouwhenyouhavetroubleisarealfriend.(friend是先行詞,who在從句中作主語)

在你有困難時幫助你的朋友才是真正的朋友。

whom也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中只能作賓語,有時可以和who互換,但介詞后只能用whom,不能用who。

Heisthemanwho/whomIhavebeenlookingfor.=HeisthemanforwhomIhavebeenlooking.

他就是我一直在找的人?！魒hich引導(dǎo)的定語從句which引導(dǎo)定語從句時,只能指物,在從句中可以作主語或賓語。Iwanttotakeawaythebook

whichyoushowedmeyesterday.(book是先行詞,which在從句中作賓語)

我想帶走你昨天給我看的那本書。注意:◆在由that,who和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,當(dāng)它們在從句中作主語時,都不可以省略；作賓語時,都可以省略?！艚樵~后面只能用which或whom,不能用that或who。Therearelotsofthings(that)

Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip.

Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatissingingintheclassroom?Thisisthebiggestfish(that)Ihaveeverseen.Fingerfoodisthefood______________________________whichweeatwithourfingersAhandbagisasmallbag_____________________________whichwomenusetocarrytheirthingsSchool-leaversareyoungpeople_____________________________whoareleavingschoolCompletethesentencesusingwhich,that,whoorwhom.1Aclassmateissomeone______________________________

whoisinthesameclassasmeAfriendissomeone_____________________________ItrustAstrangerissomeone_____________________________whomIdon’tknow①Howdoyouknowthatthepartyisinternational?②Whyarethepeoplecheering?③Whatdoyouthinkthepersonmakingaspeechissaying?Lookatthepictureandthemenu.Discussthequestions.2①Howdoyouknowthatthepartyisinternational?②Whyarethepeoplecheering?③Whatdoyouthinkthepersonmakingaspeechissaying?

Ithinkthepartyisinternationalbecausethefoodisinternational.Ithinkthepeoplearecheeringbecausetheyarehappyaboutwhatthespeakerissaying.

Ithinkthespeakerissayingthatnowthespeechisoveranditistimetoeat!Theboy_____(who/which/where)Italkedwithjustnowisoneofmybestfriends.2.Thisisthedictionary________(who/which/what/whose)Mumgavemeformybirthday.3.Thebook_____(where/that/whose)pagesarebrokenisstillonthefloor.4.WeknowJackieChan______(who/which/whose)isaveryfamousmoviestar.5.ProjectHopeisonlyoneoftheprogrammes____(where/who/that)wassetuptohelpthosepoorchildren.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectwords.whowhichwhosewhothat根據(jù)句意,用正確的關(guān)系代詞填空。Heistheman__________isreadytohelpothers.2.Thegirl________________Ispoketojustnowismyfriend.3.Thedress___________youboughtinthecitymallismadeofsilk.4.Billlikesmusic___________hecansingalongwith.that/whothat/who/whomthat/whichthat/which5.Thisisthevillage__________Iusedtolivein.6.Womenalwayslikebuyingmanythings_____________theydon’tneedatall.7.I’mstudyingasubject___________Iamveryinterestedin.8.Thegirlwith________Iwentshoppingyesterdayismycousin.that/whichthat/whichthat/whichwhom注意:◆關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which。例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.b.被修飾的先行詞為all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which。例如:

Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?c.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which。例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that,而不用which。例如:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that。例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?f.主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which。例如:ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.

單項選擇1.Ilikemusic_______greatlyrics.A.thathaveB.thathasC.whohaveD.whohas2.Theyaretalkingaboutthingsandpersons

_______theysawthereafewdaysago.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what

BC3.Thisisthehighestbuilding_______I’veeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where4.Ireallydidn’tknowanything_______happenedtoJimyesterday.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.thatBD5.Whoistheman_______isstandingoverthere?Oh,heismymathteacher.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which6.Thebuilding_______isoveronehundredyearsoldisveryfamoushere.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.whereCAObjectclause一、賓語從句的概念賓語從句屬于名詞性從句，在句中作主句的賓語。eg:WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.二、賓語從句三要素引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）語序時態(tài)三、引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有：(1)連詞that(在口語中that常可省略）。如：Heknows(that)Jimwillworkhard.在由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，由于連詞that只起引導(dǎo)功能，無具體意義，不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成份，因此在口語或非正式的文體中?？墒÷浴Ｈ欢?，大凡規(guī)則總有例外的情況，在下列that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that則不能省略。1).從句的主語是that。如：

Hesaysthatthatisarealking’shat.

他說那是一個真的王冠。2).that從句中含有主從復(fù)合句。如：

I’mafraidthatifyou’velostit,youmustpayforit.3).主、從句之間有插入語時。如：

Itsayshere,onthiscard,thatitwasusedinplaysinancienttimes.

卡片上寫著，它是古代演戲用的。4).若出現(xiàn)兩個或兩上以上的由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，且由并列連詞連接時，只有第一個連詞that可以省略。如：

Shesaid(that)shewouldcomeandthatshewouldalsobringherson.

她說她要來，還要帶她的兒子來。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可以使用任意符合句意要求的時態(tài)。如：He

says(that)they

have

returned

already．他說他們已經(jīng)回來了。He

tells

me

that

he

was

born

in

1985.

他告訴我他生于1985年。

時態(tài)問題如果主句用一般過去時，從句要用過去時態(tài)的某種形式（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）。如：He

said(that)he

boughta

new

dictionary．他說他買了本新詞典。I

knew

they

were

studying

English．我知道他們正在學(xué)英語。如果從句表達的是客觀事實、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言、警句、格言、諺語等等，盡管主句用一般過去時，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.

我們老師告訴我們，光比聲音傳播得快。Hesaidthattimeislife.

他說時間就是生命。(2)連接代詞who,whom,which等，如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?(3)連接副詞when,where,how,why等。如：

Couldyoutellmehowwecangettothestation?(4)由if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Ⅰ.if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，作“是否”講，一般情況下，二者沒有區(qū)別，可以換用。但if常用于口語中，whether比較正式。如：Millieaskedif/whetherhelikedthissweater.

米莉問他是否喜歡這件羊毛衫。

Thefishermanwantstoknowif/whetheritwillrain.

漁民想知道天是否會下雨。Ⅱ.if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，要注意賓語從句三要素，即連詞、語序和時態(tài)。由于if和whether連接的是一般疑問句，因此要注意把從句語序改為陳述句語序。如：

DoesMrZhaoliveinRoom208?Couldyoutellme?→Couldyoutellmeif/whetherMrZhaolivesinRoom208?其次要注意時態(tài)變化：

1).若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句用任何所需時態(tài)。如：

Hewantstoknowif/whethertheyhadagoodjourneyhome.

他想知道他們回家旅途是否愉快。2).若主句是一般過去時，從句則用跟過去相關(guān)的時態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時、現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時、一般將來時為過去將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)變?yōu)檫^去完成時。如：

Didthetrainleave?Shedidn’tknow.→Shedidn’tknowif/whetherthetrainhadleft.Ⅲ.if和whether的區(qū)別二者在下列幾種情況下不能換用：1).賓語從句置于句首表示強調(diào)時，應(yīng)用whether，不用if。如：

Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.

這是否對，我不能說。2).賓語從句與ornot直接連用時，應(yīng)用whether，不能用if。如：

Idon’tknowwhetherornothewillcometomorrow.

我不知道他明天是否來。3).與動詞不定式連用時，只能用whether。如：

Shecan’tdecidewhethertogotoAmerica.

她不能決定是否去美國。4).從句作介詞賓語時，只能用whether。如：

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.

我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。5).賓語從句的謂語動詞是否定形式時，只能用if，不能用whether。如：

Tomwantstoknowifhewon’tcomeheretomorrow.

湯姆想知道他明天是否不來這兒。6).if意為“假如，如果”時，可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，而whether沒有這個用法。如：

IfSimoncomesheretomorrow,I’llcallyou.

假如西蒙明天來這兒，我將打電話告訴你。1.UncleWangcameuptosee__________therewasanythingwrongwiththemachine.if/whether2.Idon’tknow__________togoorstay.3.________thatistrue,whatshouldwedo?whetherIf4.________theywilleverbecomefutureOlympicchampionsonlytimewilltell.

WhetherCompletethesentenceswithif/whether.1.賓語從句要用陳述句語序。如：

Idon’tknowwhenwillheleave.(誤)Idon’tknowwhen__________leave.(正)

he

will2.賓語從句一定要注意時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，即：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是過去式時，從句中謂語動詞也應(yīng)是過去范疇的時態(tài)，但若從句陳述的是真理或客觀規(guī)律，其謂語的時態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時，如：(注意下列句子中從句的時態(tài)和語序)注意事項Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.Myfathertoldmethattheearth______(go)roundthesun.goes3.當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose等動詞時,賓語從句的否定意義要放到主句中。另外，當(dāng)主句主語為第一人稱時，后面若接附加疑問句(即反意疑問句)，那么附加疑問句應(yīng)疑問在從句上，其他人稱疑問在主句上，如：Idon'tthinkhelookslikehisfather,__________?Theythinkhelookslikehisfather,___________?WesupposeLucyhasbeentoDalian,__________?doeshedon’ttheyhasn’tshe4.直接引語和間接引語也是賓語從句，直接引語是引述別人的原話，放在引號內(nèi)，不用連詞聯(lián)接（如,Shesaid,“I’mastudent.”）；間接引語是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，通常用連接詞與主句聯(lián)接（如,Shesaidthatsheisthirteen）。直接引語的賓語從句可變?yōu)殚g接引語的賓語從句。(1)陳述句變?yōu)橐詔hat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如：Hesaid,“I'mhappy.”Hesaid_______he_____happy.thatwas(2)一般疑問句變?yōu)閕f(whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：Heaskedme,“DoeshisfatherknowMr.Green?”Heaskedme_____hisfather__________Mr.Green.ifknewCompletethepassagewiththeclausesinthebox.Answers:1.a2.e3.b4.c5.d31.WheredidSallyworklastyear?Doyouknow?

_______________________________________2.Whendidhebuythenicecar?Canyoutellme?

_______________________________________3.Wheredoesshelive?Idon’tknow.

_______________________________________4."Whatdidyousayjustnow?"IaskedJim.

_______________________________________5.Whenwillhecomebackhome?Pleasetellme.

_______________________________________Jointhesentences.DoyouknowwhereSallyworkedlastyear?Canyoutellmewhenheboughtthenicecar?Idon’tknowwhereshelives.IaskedJimwhathesaidjustthen.Pleasetellmewhenhewillcomebackhome.賓語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別賓語從句相當(dāng)于賓語，只是以一個句子的形式出現(xiàn)；而定語從句相當(dāng)于形容詞，用來修飾名詞或代詞。賓語從句是做賓語的，一般是在動詞或者介詞后面；定語從句放在名詞或代詞的后面。中考鏈接()1.—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme____?—Itwillleaveat4:00p.m.(2011鹽城)A.howwillyougoShanghai

B.howyouwillgotoShanghaiC.whenwillthebusleaveforShanghai

D.whenthebuswillleaveforShanghaiD()2.Idon’tknowthegirlinred.Couldyoutellme________?(2011湖北黃石)A.whatishernameB.howoldissheC.whoissheD.whereshecomesfromD()3.—Doyouknowthekidwith______Bobistalkingoverthere?—Yes,it’smycousin.(2011湖北黃石)A.whoB.thatC.不填D.whomD()4.Canyoutellme_____itisfromhometoschool?Sure.It’saboutthreekilometers.(2011襄陽)A.howmuchB.howlongC.howfarD.howsoonC()5.Doyouknowtheman______isreadingthebookoverthere?Yes,he’sMr.Green,ourPEteacher.(2011襄陽)A.whichB.whatC.whomD.whoD()6.Thepeople_____helpedusbuildourhometownarefromBeijing.(2011四川德陽)A.whichB.whomC.whoC()7.—Couldyoutellme________theparty?—NextFriday.(2011廣西柳州)A.wherewearegoingtohaveB.whenwearegoingtohaveC.whenweweregoingtohaveB()8.Idon'tknowifshe

tomybirthdaypartytomorrow.Ifshe

,I'llbeveryhappy.(2011湖南益陽)A.comes;comes

B.willcome;comes

C.comes;willcomeB()9.Haveyoufinishedthebook____youborrowedfromthelibrary?(2011四川廣元)A.whichB.itC.whatA()10.—Mary,couldyoutellmeifyourmother_____ourschoolsportsmeetingtomorrow?

—Ithinkshewillcometoschoolifshe_____free.

(2011山東濱州)

A.willtakepartin;willbeB.takespartin;isC.willtakepartin;isD.takespartin;willbeC()11.—Tomwantstoknowifyouwillhaveapicnictomorrow.—Yes.Butifit______,we’llplaychessinstead.(2011山東泰安)A.willrain B.rained

C.israining D.rainsD()12.—Wheredidyougolastweek?—IwenttoZhangAiping’shometownandvisitedthehouse

hewasbornin.(2011四川達州)A.thatB.thereC.whoD.whoseA()13.—IhearthatLily’sbrotherisaworkerhere.—Look,theman_____isworkingoverthereisherbrother.(2011四川資陽)A.whoB.whomC.whatD.whichA()14.—Haveyougotanyideaforthesummervacation?—Idon’tmind_____.ItwillbeOKifthereissun,seaandbeach.(2012四川樂山)A.wheredowego

B.wherewego

C.w