Unit 5 Revealing nature Starting ou高中英語選擇性必修第一冊

Unit5Revealingnaturereveal:makesomethingthatpreviouslyunknownknown.Readthepicturesandintroductionstothethreeanimalsandshareyourideaswithus.Whatdoes‘unusual’mean?Komododragon科莫多蜥蜴Duck-billedplatypus鴨嘴獸Nautilus鸚鵡螺Whatdoyouknowabouttheseunusualanimals？KomododragonKomododragons:KomododragonswerefirstencounteredbyWesternresearchers1910.TheresearchersaidtheancestoroftheKomododragonmostlikelyevolvedinAustraliaandspreadwestward,reachingtheIndonesiaislandofFlores900,000yearsago.科莫多巨蜥最早是在1910年被西方研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)的。研究人員說，科莫多巨蜥的祖先很可能是在澳大利亞進化而來，并向西傳播，在90萬年前到達印度尼西亞的弗洛雷斯島。TheKomododragonisthelargestlizardintheworld.Itcangrowtothreemetresinlengthandcanweighabout135kilograms.Despiteitssizeandweight,itcanrunforshortdistancesatupto20kilometresperhour.Duck-billedplatypusThefistscientiststoexamineapreservedplatypusbodyjudgeditafakeinthelate18thcentury.Theoldestdiscoveredfossilofthemodernplatpusdatesbacktoabout100,000yearsago.18世紀晚期，第一批查看保存下來的鴨嘴獸尸體的科學(xué)家判定它是贗品。已發(fā)現(xiàn)的最古老的現(xiàn)代鴨嘴獸的化石可以追溯到大約10萬年前。Duck-billedplatypusTheduck-billedplatypusisasmallegg-layingmammal(upto60cminlength)foundonlyinEasternAustraliaincludingTasmania.Asitsnamesuggests,ithasamouththatlookslikeaduck’sbill,whileitsthickfurandflattailaresimilartothoseofabeaver.NautilusFossilrecordsindicatethatthenautilushassurvivedrelativelyunchangedforaround500millionyears.Itisoftenconsidereda“l(fā)ivingfossil”.化石記錄表明，鸚鵡螺在大約5億年的時間里相對穩(wěn)定地存活了下來。經(jīng)常被認為是“活化石”。NautilusAsoneoftheoldestseaanimalsintheworld,thenautilushashardlychangedinabout500millionyears,andthatiswhyitisoftengiventhename“l(fā)ivingfossil”.Whatisthewaythatseedstravel?Whatseedsarementioned?Howdotheytravel?Whydotheseseedstravel?SeedsTraveling①byitself

2.Canyouthinkofanotherexampleofseedstravelling?②bythewind③bythewater⑤bytheanimals⑥bytheinsects④bythebirdsStartingoutWatchthevideoandanswerthequestionsWhatisevolution?Whatspeciesdoyourecogniseinthepictureintheevolutionarytree?(P66)?Whatisthedirectionofevolution?Whatfactorscancausetheprocessofevolution??Readthispictureandtalkaboutthefollowingtopics.animalsplantszebra斑馬(哺乳動物）birdturtle海龜(爬行動物)fishcrab螃蟹(爬行動物)snail蝸牛(軟體動物)earthworm蚯蚓

(環(huán)節(jié)動物)flatworm(扁形動物）poaramecium草覆中(單細胞生物)frog青蛙(兩棲動物)starfish(棘皮動物)jellyfish

水母腔腸動物algae(藻類)algae(藻類)moss(苔鮮)gymnosperms裸子植物angiosperm

被子植物humannaturalselection(自然選擇)theresultofnaturalcompetition(自然競爭)geneticmutation

(基因突變)higherformsoflifelowerformsoflifeevolve---evolution

4.Whatfactorscancausetheprocess

ofevolution?3.Whatisthedirectionofevolution?UnderstandingideasAjourneyofDiscovery1.Lookatthepictureandthepassage

title,how

doyouunderstandthetitle?generally:atripfromoneplaceto

anotherplaceDarwin’sresearchworkleadingtohisdiscoveryofevolutionliterarily:theprocessbywhichsomethinggraduallydevelops事物逐漸發(fā)展的過程Skimthepassageandchoose.

What'sthegenreofthepassage?ExpositionArgumentationNarrationWhatWhereWhoWhyHowPre-readingAJourneyofDiscoveryDarwinQuestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?England→SouthAmericaGalapagosIslandsByship—Beagle183118351839OntheOriginofSpecies18351859Today1831Afterintheorderof______timePara1Para2-5Para6-7Choosethemainideaofthepassageandgiveyourreasons.

1

Darwin’sinterestinvariouslivingthingsmadehimagreatnaturalist.2

Darwin’sjourneyontheBeagle

inspiredhisTheoryofEvolution.3

Darwinwentonajourneytoconfirmhistheorythathumanshadevolvedovertime.

Para

1：Labels

on

a

young

manincaptain’seyesin

common

people’s

eyesin

his

father'seyesReadfordetailedinformationHewasnotthecaptain’s___________Hewasa________tohimselfandallhisfamilyHewasayoungmanwhohadleft____________without________________.

firstchoicecompletinghisdegreemedicalschooldisgrace

Para

2：Startajourneywhowhatcollecting________ofplantsandanimalsaskinghimselfaquestionReadfordetailedinformationCharlesDarwinwasa___________and____________,fascinatedby_____,______and_________.geologistnaturalistrocksplantsanimalsHowdiddifferentspecies

cometoexist?samples

Para

3：Generate

newideasold

ideasnewideaswhathowtoproveAllspecieshadappearedonEarth______________,andhadnotchangedsinceAnimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheir_______________To

look

for

more

evidenceReadfordetailedinformationatthesametimechangingenvironments

Thesebirdsaredifferentintheaspectof_______Itisbecausethe___________________________BeaksFoodavailableonthatparticularislandA_________ancestor__________intodifferentspeciescommonevolveatheoryofevolutionPara

4-5Develop

the

ideashowanswerofthatquestionDarwinnoticedfinches’beakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.Newspeciesofplantsandanimalsevolvedfrom____________.ReadfordetailedinformationearlierancestorsPara

6Proposeatheorywhathowpeople'sreaction________________.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook--__________________ReadfordetailedinformationAtheoryofevolutionOntheOriginofSpecies.Manypeoplerefusedtobelieve.Theywere______.Later,moreandmorepeoplestartedto________histheory._______tobelievepeoplewere_____________tobelieverefusedshockedstartedPeople’sreactiontowardsthetheoryPara

6Proposeatheorywhathowpeople'sreaction________________.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook--__________________Manypeoplerefusedtobelieve.Theywere______.Later,moreandmorepeoplestartedto________histheory.ReadfordetailedinformationAtheoryofevolutionOntheOriginofSpecies.

shockedbelievePara7Hisbook

influenceOntheOriginofSpeciesisregardedasoneofthemost_________workseverwritten.Ithaschangedideasabout____onEarthforever.Readfordetailedinformationlifeimportant1831theBeaglestarted

his

journeySouthAmerica,askedhimselfquestions(generatedideas)(developed

an

idea)answered

the

question18351859published

the

book

(proposed

a

theory)

Darwinspent_____yearsonhisdiscoveryButspent_____yearspublishinghisTheoryofEvolutionin1859424A________Journeyof__________Discoveryby_______DarwintoughimportantbraveperseverantSummary12345Hestudiedvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironmentsandsamplesofplantsandanimalshehadcollectedverysimilartoeachothercometoexist?Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedto

theirchangingenvironments?thattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheisland.hadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableon

thatparticularisland.thatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,andithadslowlyevolvedintomanynewspecies.hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflifeCanyouspeakoutsomefamousChineseScientists?patritism愛國精神innovation創(chuàng)新精神

truth-seeking求實精神dedication奉獻精神teamwork協(xié)同精神ThespiritofChinesescientists?Activity8Thinkandshare

CharlesDarwinwasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.HeleftEnglandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechance1_____________(study)variouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilar2______eachother.Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,and3__________________(change)since.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.WhentheshipreachedtheGalapagosIslandsin1835,it4_______(be)thebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Hesuspectedthatthedifferent5____________(finch)hadevolvedfromacommonancestor,6_______hadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.直擊高考

tostudy

to

hadnotchanged

wasfinches

whichItwasa7____________(complete)newidea---atheoryofevolution.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,8___________(include)humans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.ButDarwin`sscientificstudiesweresoconvincing9_________moreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.Today,thebookisregardedasoneofthemostimportantworksever10_____________(write).completelyincludingthatwrittenlanguagepoints1Thecaptainoftheship,the

Beagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.Itwasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.n.船長定語從句從...中受益遙遠的鮮為人知的定語從句首選定語從句7Today，OntheOriginofSpeciesisregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten，IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.AnditallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.被認為是...以...開始，開始于What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime.而且，更重要的是，另外v.預(yù)言，預(yù)測賓語從句是恥辱，是丟臉的事=inspiteof=regardlessof盡管=resultin=contribute導(dǎo)致，造成有史以來2Theyoungmaninquestion，CharlesDarwin，wasageologistandnaturalist，fascinatedbyrocks，plantsandanimals.HeleftEnglandontheship，theBeagle，in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechancetostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.討論或討論中的outofthequestion不可能withoutquestion毫無疑問

befascinatedby...被...吸引各種各樣的生物AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica，hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Ashestudiedthese，heaskedhimselfthequestion：howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?becrowdedwitth擠滿，充滿befilledwith充滿；被...填滿befullof充滿，充滿著

省略了that/which的定語從句as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句n.物種，種類開始存在=comeintoexistence=comeintobeing開始存在3Atthattime，peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime，andhadnotchangedsince.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea，butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreevidence.那時，當時besimilarto

與...相似進化；逐步發(fā)展evolvefrom...由...進化而來evolveinto...逐步發(fā)展為...適應(yīng)inspiresb.tosth.

鼓舞/激勵某人做某事證據(jù)evidentadj.明顯的evidentlyadv.顯然，明顯地；清楚地4WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835，Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies，butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.各種各樣的=varietiesof=awiderangeof強調(diào)句：Itis/was+強調(diào)部分+that+其他n.雀科鳴禽n.鳥嘴，喙adj.可獲得的，可用的beavailableto...可被..