翻譯長(zhǎng)句難點(diǎn)

1、. 翻譯長(zhǎng)句難點(diǎn) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語意分析，這個(gè)句子可分成5段：主句（There is no.）+從句（whether）+后置定語（peculiar to）+選擇性并列從句（or.）+后置定語（appro

2、priate to.）。從語意上講，主句講的是結(jié)果，從句說的是細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，譯文的表達(dá)順序正好與原文相反。 【參考譯文】方法論是指一般的歷史研究中特有的概念，還是指歷史研究中各個(gè)具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究方法，人們對(duì)此意見不一。 For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circum

3、stances. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】這句話長(zhǎng)達(dá)31個(gè)單詞。從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，它是主句(they do not)+并列謂語(and thus do not)+賓語從句(how able an underprivileged youngster might)+條件狀語從句(had he)；從語義上講，它有四層意思：不能.因此.不能會(huì)有多大的才干.如果.。根據(jù)對(duì)這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析和語意分析，我們可以把它切分成四個(gè)小段： For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do not tell / how abl

4、e an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 由于每一小段包含一個(gè)意群，切分后我們就可以試譯為： 例如，它們不能彌補(bǔ)巨大的社會(huì)不公，因此不能說明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人會(huì)有多大才干，如果他在較好的環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大。 上海道正認(rèn)為這樣的譯文可以說已經(jīng)很清楚，漢語也基本過得去，但仔細(xì)檢查一下，我們?nèi)匀话l(fā)現(xiàn)漢語表達(dá)中還有英語的影子，那就是表示條件如果.放在句子最后不大符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，因此上海道正建議可以調(diào)整為 【參考譯文】例如,測(cè)試并不彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)

5、不公，因此它們不能說明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長(zhǎng)的話，會(huì)有多大的才干。 Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive entertaining. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】從句主語帶有三個(gè)并列的謂語keeps, allow

6、s, and offers 構(gòu)成一個(gè)三項(xiàng)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個(gè)三項(xiàng)中又各有一小的二項(xiàng)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 【參考譯文】人們常說，電視使人們了解最近發(fā)生的大事， 使人跟上最新科學(xué)和政治的發(fā)展，并向人們提供無終止的既有教育意義又有娛樂性的節(jié)目。 You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature

7、certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. 【機(jī)構(gòu)分析】如能看出此句所涉及的并列結(jié)構(gòu) that , that , and that, 即可以說解決了此句的關(guān)鍵疑難點(diǎn)。因此，遇到長(zhǎng)句如能查看一下是否有并列結(jié)構(gòu)很重要。 【參考譯文】人們常說過，科學(xué)家使基于歸納法和演繹法工作，借助于這些方法，在某種意義上說，設(shè)法從自然界找出某些自然規(guī)律，然后根據(jù)這些規(guī)律，用他們自己特殊的技能逐步建立起自己的理論。 From agreemen

8、t on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals, and from there to total inaction. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句在詞序上是倒裝，順過來應(yīng)為：We have, unfort5unately, in the past proceeded form agreement on this general goal to disagreement on specific goals and from there to tota

9、l inaction.句中的there指agreement on general goal。 【參考譯文】遺憾的是，在過去我們已經(jīng)從總目標(biāo)的一致發(fā)展到在目標(biāo)上的分歧，并且從有所作為到無所作為。 Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】這里句子結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是Just as., so., 譯為正如.，也一樣。從上述我們可以看出，翻

10、譯中的關(guān)鍵在于縮小兩種語言的結(jié)構(gòu)上的差距，如果能將差距縮小到最小限度，那么翻譯就小，這本身就證明了這點(diǎn)。 【參考譯文】正如所有的卡車司機(jī)和建筑工人不一定都是男的，所有的秘書和接待員也不一定都是女的。 Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】此句中的主要結(jié)構(gòu)涉及not so muchas 的固定表達(dá)，意為：與

11、其說 不如說 。 【參考譯文】一些新學(xué)派科學(xué)家說，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說起源于偉大天才的真知灼見不如說是由于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的事物。 Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：Interest-has arisen less

12、through-and more from- 【參考譯文】人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法論，主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)界內(nèi)部意見不一，其次是因?yàn)橥饨绮⒉徽J(rèn)為歷史是一門學(xué)問。 This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to combine agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句中，since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句

13、，其中，to combine agriculture-是will make的賓語，it是形式賓語；而to combine few-也是賓語，它作makes的賓語，makes后面的it也是形式賓語。 【參考譯文】這種困境是確定無疑的，因?yàn)槟茉吹膮T乏使農(nóng)業(yè)無法以高能量消耗這種美國(guó)的耕作方式繼續(xù)下去，而這種耕作方式使投入極少數(shù)農(nóng)民可獲得高產(chǎn)成為可能。 It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜：從整體來看，這是一個(gè) not-but- 的結(jié)構(gòu)，譯為不是而是。根據(jù)上下文我們知道，在not后面的that從句中，scales 指代面包師或