2014高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)精品課件29：連詞和介詞

1、29連詞和介詞,連 詞 conjunction,連詞是一種虛詞， 它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分。用來(lái)連接詞，短語(yǔ)，從句與句子。,連詞主要可分為兩類： 并列連詞 從屬連詞,并列連詞表示詞，短語(yǔ)， 從句或句子之間具有并列關(guān)系。 可以表示平行關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇關(guān)系 和因果關(guān)系。,and (和) both and（和,兩者都） neither nor（既不也不） not only but also(不但 而且) as well as (和, 也, 除外, 而且),1.表示平行關(guān)系的連詞：,as well (也,而且,) 用于句末.,他是一個(gè)科學(xué)家, 而且也是一個(gè)詩(shī)人.,He is a scientist,

2、 but he is a poet as well.,He is a scientist as well as a poet.,他們也會(huì)來(lái)嗎?,Are they coming as well?,2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞:,but while (而, 雖然) yet (可是) however (而) whereas (而) nevertheless(然而, 不過(guò)),3.表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞,or(或則,否則) or else(否則) otherwise(要不然) eitheror(或者 或者)rather than (而不是),4.表示因果關(guān)系的連詞,so for thus(因此) hence （因

3、此） therefore （因此）consequently（因而，所以）,二.從屬連詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)連接主句和從句的連詞。 分為引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞和引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ) 從句的連詞。,1. 引導(dǎo)名詞性的從句,(1). that,whether,if 不充當(dāng)成分.,(2). 連接代詞 who, whom, which, what 充當(dāng)主, 賓, 定, 表語(yǔ)等.,(3). 連接副詞 when, where, how, why 狀語(yǔ).,2. 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞,(1). 時(shí)間: when, while, as 當(dāng)時(shí) when+瞬間,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 while+延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 as+瞬間,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 “一邊一邊” till

4、/until, once, as soon as(一就), the moment/instant(一就), no sooner than hardly when the moment,(2). 原因: as because for since,For語(yǔ)氣最弱, 引導(dǎo)的分句放在句末. Because 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng), 句首,句末均可. As(因?yàn)? 置于句首. Since(既然) 通常置于句首.,(3). 地點(diǎn): where, wherever,(4). 條件: if, unless= if not, so/as long as suppose(that)假使 on condition that如果

5、provided/ providing (that) 倘使, 如果,now that(既然) considering that,(5). 讓步: though/ although不與but連用. as(盡管), even if/ though (即使) however(無(wú)論怎樣), whatever no matter how/ who/ which,Although/though 和as(盡管) 的區(qū)別: Although/though引導(dǎo)的從句用正常語(yǔ)序. As 引導(dǎo)的從句用倒裝語(yǔ)序, 即把a(bǔ)s從句中的表語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形提至主語(yǔ)前.,盡管天氣冷,可他仍繼續(xù)工作.,Though it wa

6、s cold, he went on working.,= Cold as it is , he went on working.,盡管你讀得快, 你也不能在三天內(nèi)讀完這本書(shū).,Fast as you read, you cant finish reading the book in three days.,Although you read fast, you cant finish reading the book in three days.,不管他怎樣努力, 還是擺脫不了困難.,Try as he might, he could nt get rid of the difficulty

7、.,介詞,By Chunhui Middle School Ivan Fang,一 表示地點(diǎn)時(shí) at, in, on 的區(qū)別 1 My uncle lives _ 116 Changhe Street. His room is _ the sixth floor. A. at; on B. to; at C. on; in D. of; to Notes: at 表示在較小的地方(村莊, 小城鎮(zhèn),門(mén)牌); 在某物旁(不確定的地方) in 表示在較大的地方(國(guó)家,城市); 在某物范圍內(nèi).(地點(diǎn) 的排列順序是由小到大. on 表示在某物上(表面接觸); road 前用on, street前用 in

8、/on; 樓層用on; farm前用on, field前用in.,A,二 表示時(shí)間時(shí) at, in, on的區(qū)別 2 The train leaves _ 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _ 5:40 at the latest. A. at; until B. for; after C. at; by D. before; around 3 The old man died _ cold _ a cold night. A. from; at B. of; in C. of; on D. for; during 4 The railway was

9、 opened _ traffic _ April 4, 1985. A. to; on B. to; in C. by; on D. for; on at表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)(在幾點(diǎn),中午;午夜;夜里;某日期或一段時(shí) 間的開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾)(at sunrise; at the weekend; at Christmas) on 表示在特定的某一天或某天的上午,下午,晚上等 in 表示一段時(shí)間.后接月,年,季等表一段時(shí)間的名詞.,C,C,A,三 表持續(xù)時(shí)間的since, for, in, after的區(qū)別 5 His father will be back from London _ a few days.

10、 A. since B. in C. on D. after 6 - How long has the bookshop been in business? - _ 1987. A. After B. In C. From D. Since 7 The touch they had both kept in _ many years broke. A. for B. on C. into D. with since 接過(guò)去的某時(shí)間點(diǎn), 常用于完成時(shí). for 接一段具體的時(shí)間, 常用于完成時(shí). in + 一段時(shí)間與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,表一段時(shí)間以后,多 用于將來(lái)時(shí); 與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,表一段時(shí)間

11、內(nèi),時(shí)態(tài)不限. after + 一段時(shí)間,常用于過(guò)去時(shí).,B,D,A,四 表方位的介詞in, on, to, off的區(qū)別 8 Guangdong lies _ the south of China and Fujian is _ the east of it. Hainan is _ the coast of the mainland. A. in; in; on B. in; on; off C. on; to; on D. in; to; away in 表示在境內(nèi). on 表示相鄰或在邊界上, 不在境內(nèi). to 表示在境外, 不接壤. off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方.,B,五 表示

12、運(yùn)動(dòng)方向或目的的介詞 9 _ the gate and youll find the entrance _ the park _ the other side. A. Through; to; on B. Along; of; on C. Down; to; at D. Up; of; by 10 Early _ the morning of May 1, we started off _ the mountain village. A. in; for B. in; to C. on; / D. on; for across 表示穿過(guò)物體表面,或橫過(guò). through 表示在某一空間通過(guò),或

13、縱向穿過(guò). along 表示沿著一條線平行. up 表示向上,由南到北,由東到西,由沿海到內(nèi)陸,由小地方到大地方,由農(nóng)村到城市. 反之則用down. to 表示動(dòng)作的目的地; towards指朝向,無(wú)到達(dá)的意思; for表示前往的目的,連用的動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)eave, start off, set out, head, sail 等.,A,D,六 表示除- 之外的介詞 11 He usually goes to work on time _. A. except for raining days B. besides it rains C. but that it rains D. except on

14、 rainy days besides 表示包含, 除 - 之外還有- except 表示排除, 除 - 之外 but 表示排除, 多與nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all, who 等連用. except for 表示除去整體中的部分, “只是, 只不過(guò)” _ basketball, I like playing Pingpang. You have no choice _ work hard. Li Long is a good student _ his laziness.,D,Besides,but,except

15、for,七 介詞 among 和 between 的區(qū)別 12 He divided the sweets _ the children who were divided _ three groups. A. in; in B. into; into C. between; in D. among; into among 表示三個(gè)或以上的人或物之間,后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或 集體名詞. between 用于兩者之間, 或三個(gè)以上的兩兩之間(具體的 名詞已經(jīng)列出) He divided the sweets _ L Nl, L Cl and Y Mh.,D,between,八 表示價(jià)格,比率,標(biāo)準(zhǔn),速度的介詞 at 表示價(jià)值，價(jià)格, 比率或速度, 表單價(jià). for 表示交換, 指總價(jià)錢(qián) b