新視界大學英語綜合教程3

1、,Warming up, Do the questionnaire.,Warming up,Warming up,Warming up, Work in groups of three or four and discuss the questions.,1 Who is the most social? 2 What is your idea of a social animal? 3 What is the most antisocial thing you ever did?,Warming up, Look at the title of the passage and choose

2、the meaning of a lonely person which is closest to your own idea.,(a) someone who has no friends (b) someone who has no time for other people (c) someone who finds it difficult to relate to other people (d) someone who doesnt like spending time in other peoples company (e) someone who prefers new te

3、chnology to real people,Warming up,Watch the video clip and discuss the question.,Skimming,Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it. Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 99.,Task,Skimming, Check () the claims that the writer makes about Americans today.,The claims

4、 the writer makes about Americans today are: 1, 5, 6 and 8.,Skimming, Answer the questions.,1 How have the relationships that Americans have with their neighbours changed in recent years? People used to feel they had to be actively nice to their neighbours and see them regularly, but now they try ha

5、rd not to disturb their eighbours or take up their time. 2 In what way are Americans “pulled” as well as “pushed” to being isolated? Americans are pulled (attracted) towards isolation by an image of themselves as self-reliant people able to stand on their own two feet, and pushed (forced) to it by l

6、ack of time to socialize.,Skimming,3 How does being part of a social group affect peoples health? It can make people live longer, handle stress better, have an effective immune system and suffer less from various undesirable health conditions. 4 In what way is social isolation not good from an ecolo

7、gical viewpoint? It takes as much energy to heat and light a room for one person or three people. A single person driving to the supermarket uses as much petrol as someone going shopping for six. Lonely people often do more shopping and accumulate more possessions.,Skimming,5 Why is it important to

8、recognize ones loneliness? Until the problem is noted and acknowledged, there can be no steps towards a solution. 6 Which are the small everyday choices which people make, and which can make them more or less isolated? The examples given are all of choosing to interact with people directly (seeing a

9、nd talking to them in a shop, talking on the phone, going out with a friend) or of avoiding that sort of contact (e-shopping, listening to messages, watching a film at home on ones own).,Skimming,7 What positive characteristics of Americans does the writer highlight in the passage? Self-confidence (

10、Para 3), consideration for others, lack of time (Para 4), and self-reliance (Paras 6 and 7). 8 What negative characteristics does the writer highlight? Being too busy (Para 3), neglecting social relations (Para 5), and materialism (Paras 3, 5 and 10).,The lonely American,譯文,Digging,Background inform

11、ation,1 Americans in the 21st century devote more technology to staying connected than any society in history, yet somehow the devices fail us: Studies show that we feel increasingly alone. Our lives are spent in a tug-of-war between conflicting desires we want to stay connected, and we want to be f

12、ree. We lurch back and forth, reaching for both. How much of one should we give up in order to have more of the other? How do we know when weve got it right?,Digging,2 Yet people in this country continue to drift apart. We need to know why. 3 First, lets look at the frenetic busyness of our lives. A

13、mericans may be the only people in the world who believe that each individual has the right and the capacity to fit whatever he or she wants into one small life. America is the original “You can be anything you want if you really try, and its never too late to start trying!” country.,譯文,Digging,4 A

14、good friend described the impact of busyness on our neighborhoods brilliantly: “Being neighborly used to mean visiting people. Now being nice to your neighbors means not bothering them.” Peoples lives are shaped by how busy they are. Lives also are shaped by the respect and deference that is given t

15、o busyness especially when it is valued above connection and community. If people are considerate, they assume that their neighbors are very busy and so try not to intrude on them. Dropping by is no longer neighborly. It is simply rude.,譯文,Digging,5 We treat socializing as if its a frivolous diversi

16、on from the tasks at hand rather than an activity that is essential to our well-being as individuals and as a community. Soon our not bothering to call people (or even email them) gets read by others as a sign that we are too caught up in the busy sweep of our own lives to have time for them. Our fr

17、iends are not surprised. Our relatives may be indignant, but even they know how hard it is. An unspoken understanding develops. Its too bad that weve lost touch, but thats just the way it is.,譯文,Digging,6 The pace of everyday life may push us toward isolation, but there is a pull, as well: a very se

18、ductive picture of standing apart as a victory, not a retreat. Ever since Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote his famous essay and Henry David Thoreau set out to embody the concept in his cabin on Walden Pond, a long series of American icons have idealized the concept of self-reliance.,譯文,Digging,7 And when w

19、e do find ourselves isolated, by standing tall in our own minds, side by side with self-reliant heroes, each of us is suddenly no longer alone but part of a group a great American tradition of lonesome cowboys and go-it-alone entrepreneurs. That psychological magic becomes the spoonful of sugar that

20、 makes painful experiences of finding ourselves left out easier to swallow. We may have isolated ourselves without entirely meaning to, but we also have ended up in a place that looks a lot like where we always knew that we were supposed to stand. On the outside, proud to be there.,譯文,Digging,8 It i

21、s also the last place on earth that a person would want to be. 9 The consequences of social disconnection are both extensive and remarkably diverse. To begin with, social support is an important determinant of overall health. It has significant effects on longevity, on an individuals response to str

22、ess, on immune functions, and on the incidence of a variety of specific illnesses. In diseases as varied as heart attacks and dementia, medical research repeatedly has found that social networks and social activity have a protective effect.,譯文,Digging,10 Social isolation damages ecological health as

23、 well. The rising tide of single-person households strains the earths resources. Additionally, in our consumer-oriented culture, a common solution to not having enough people in ones life is to turn to things, objects that will define ones identity through possessions rather than through ones place

24、in a social world. (We once passed an elegant store in New York City whose name summed up the problem: More and More. We watched the shop from across the street, keeping a safe distance.),譯文,Digging,11 The truth is that if one can bring oneself to acknowledge loneliness, half the battle is won. It i

25、s not an easy half of a battle, however. When we began to talk about these ideas with friends, their first response was to passionately defend their styles of staying disconnected. Having chosen, like so many Americans, to step back, they explained how right the choice has been for them.,譯文,Digging,

26、12 Small daily choices whether to go to a local store or order off the Internet, whether to pick up a ringing telephone or let it go to voicemail, whether to get together with a friend or pop in a DVD end up defining ones social world. These little decisions are cumulative. You step back a little fr

27、om others. They step back a little from you. You feel a little left out. Feeling left out, unexamined, leads you to step back further. But feeling left out, when its examined, can lead people to work a little harder to reconnect.,譯文,Digging,13 Loneliness was never the goal. Its just the spot where t

28、oo many people wind up. We get stuck because the world we have wandered away from is so frantic and demanding. We get stuck because we have dreamed about lonesome heroes who stand defiantly apart. We get stuck because we feel left out and stop looking for ways back in. We should remember that the ou

29、tside was not meant to be our final destination. ,Main idea of the text,1. Americans in the 21st century devote more technology to staying connected than any society in history, yet somehow the devices fail us: Studies show that we feel increasingly alone. (Line 1, Para 1),With their love of all the

30、 modern communications devices Americans should feel in close contact with one another, but actually they feel alone.,Difficult sentences,Difficult sentences,2. We lurch back and forth, How do we know when weve got it right? (Line 9, Para 1),The phrase “back and forth” here means from being sociable

31、 to being individualistic. To “get it right” means to find the correct balance. The sentences mean we swing from one extreme to another trying to be connected and at the same time independent. Each goal harms the other. Where can we find the correct middle position?,Difficult sentences,3. First, let

32、s look at the frenetic busyness of our lives. (Line 1, Para 3),busyness: being busy, used as the noun business has taken on other meanings,Difficult sentences,4. fit whatever he or she wants into one small life. (Line 5, Para 3),It means to achieve all their goals or dreams in one short lifetime.,Di

33、fficult sentences,5. America is the original “You can be anything you want if you really try, and its never too late to start trying!” country. (Line 6, Para 3),America is the place where the idea that anyone regardless of birth, education etc can achieve whatever they want started.,Difficult senten

34、ces,6. Lives also are shaped by the respect and deference that is given to busyness especially when it is valued above connection and community. (Line 6, Para 4),Lives are controlled by the attitude people have towards being busy as it is regarded as more important than social relationships. (Achiev

35、ing things is valued more highly than ordinary human relations.),Difficult sentences,We regard being friendly to others as an unimportant amusement taking us away from important things. We should regard it as a very important part of being a healthy and happy person.,7. We treat socializing as if it

36、s a frivolous diversion from the tasks at hand rather than an activity that is essential to our well-being as individuals and as a community. (Line 1, Para 5),Difficult sentences,8. Our relatives may be indignant, but even they know how hard it is. An unspoken understanding develops. (Line 9, Para 5

37、),When we neglect our friends it does not really surprise them as they understand we are busy and accept that as a good excuse. Family are less happy with the situation, but do still understand.,Difficult sentences,9. The pace of everyday life may push us toward isolation, but there is a pull, as we

38、ll: a very seductive picture of standing apart as a victory, not a retreat. (Line 1, Para 6),We are not only pushed towards leading an unsociable life by our busyness, but are also drawn towards it / attracted to it by the idea of being like a cowboy, alone against nature. Being an independent loner

39、 is something very positive (a victory); not a loss (retreat).,Difficult sentences,10. a long series of American icons have idealized the concept of self-reliance. (Line 7, Para 6),Respected writers and thinkers have made depending on oneself and not on others an important cultural value that people

40、 should aim for.,Difficult sentences,11. And when we do find ourselves isolated, go-it-alone entrepreneurs. (Line 1, Para 7),When we do find ourselves isolated and apart from our group, we are comforted because we feel a part of a larger group, all the American loners, a long tradition of people who

41、 trusted themselves and achieved great things on their own.,Difficult sentences,11. And when we do find ourselves isolated, go-it-alone entrepreneurs. (Line 1, Para 7),standing tall: feeling proud and independent lonesome cowboys: a familiar figure in Western films, the hero riding off alone into th

42、e empty countryside, not needing anyones help. The word “l(fā)onesome” is used more frequently in American English; British English prefers “l(fā)onely”. The actual phrase “l(fā)onesome cowboy” became popular after it was the title of an Elvis Presley hit song.,Difficult sentences,12. That psychological magic b

43、ecomes the spoonful of sugar that makes painful experiences of finding ourselves left out easier to swallow. (Line 6, Para 7),The writer is saying that finding yourself to be alone or lonely is not pleasant, but Americans will bear with it because the bad taste of it is partly taken away by the thou

44、ght that standing on ones own is admirable and something to be proud of. The feeling and sense of being a true self-independent American (psychological magic) sweetens the experience of isolation. the spoonful of sugar: A child may be given a spoonful of sugar to take away the bad taste of medicine.

45、,Difficult sentences,13. We may have isolated ourselves without entirely meaning to, but we also have ended up in a place that looks a lot like where we always knew that we were supposed to stand. (Line 9, Para 7),We may not have planned it, but it does not shock us as it is a situation that seems c

46、ulturally right.,Difficult sentences,14. It is also the last place on earth that a person would want to be. (Para 8),It is a terrible situation. American culture makes it feel right to be very independent and self-reliant, people are even proud of it, but the writer thinks it is very bad people shou

47、ld be part of teams and communities.,Difficult sentences,15. Additionally, in our consumer-oriented culture, a common solution to not having enough people in ones life is to turn to things, objects that will define ones identity through possessions rather than through ones place in a social world. (

48、Line 3, Para 10),Social isolation is not only bad psychologically, but also environmentally. More and more people in the US live alone. This uses up resources. People who are on their own also tend to buy more as they create their sense of identity through their possessions rather than their friends

49、 and family.,Difficult sentences,16. We once passed an elegant store We watched the shop from across the street, keeping a safe distance. (Line 8, Para 10),We disliked the materialistic name so much that we felt nervous passing it and kept an eye on it as one might watch a dangerous dog on the other

50、 side of the road as one goes by.,Difficult sentences,17. These little decisions are cumulative. (Line 5, Para 12),Small things in the end lead to big results.,Difficult sentences,14. Feeling left out, unexamined, leads you to step back further. But feeling left out, when its examined, can lead peop

51、le to work a little harder to reconnect. (Line 8, Para 12),When you feel you are not close to people, instinctively you will move even further away from them. But if you think about it, it should lead you to make the effort to remove the barriers and get closer.,lurch,釋義,vi. to move suddenly in a wa

52、y that is not smooth or controlled 蹣跚而行；顛簸著行進,例句,The train suddenly lurched forward.,火車突然向前一沖。,翻譯,Words,例句,The plane lurched in the most terrifying manner.,飛機顛簸得嚇人。,翻譯,釋義1,vi. to move somewhere slowly as though you do not know where you are going 隨意走動；游蕩,Words,例句,The party host drifts among the gues

53、ts and exchanges a few lines of greetings with them.,派對的主人在人群中隨意走動，和客人們打招呼。,翻譯,drift,釋義2,vi. to be pushed along very slowly by the movement of air or water 漂流；飄,Words,例句,The climbing balloon drifted silently over the countryside.,不斷上升的氣球靜靜地飄過鄉(xiāng)間。,翻譯,例句,Sometimes several clusters of white clouds drift

54、 across the blue sky.,蔚藍色的天空中，時而飄過幾朵白云。,翻譯,drift,短語,Click to learn drift apart,釋義,a. done very fast and with a lot of energy, often by someone who is in a hurry 忙亂的；狂熱的；非常激動的,Words,frenetic,例句,Were afraid that we wont adapt to the frenetic pace of life in the city.,我們害怕不能適應這座城市超快的生活節(jié)奏。,翻譯,例句,This fr

55、enetic activity is the sign of a worried man.,這種狂熱的行為是一個人極度焦慮的表現(xiàn)。,翻譯,釋義1,n. C, U ( to do sth) the ability to do something 能力,例句,The right person for the job must show a capacity to work independently.,適合擔任這項工作的人必須表現(xiàn)出獨立工作的能力。,翻譯,Words,例句,翻譯,Her poor health limits her earning capacity.,身體不好限制了她的謀生能力。,

56、capacity,真題,Housewives who do not go out to work feel they are not working to their full capacity. (Jun. 1997, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure),釋義2,vt. C, U the amount of something that can be put in a container or the number of people that a place has room for 容量；容積；容納力,例子,翻譯,Words,例句,The cars fold

57、-down rear seat increases the trunk capacity.,翻譯,該汽車的可折疊后座加大了行李箱的空間。,The theater had a seating capacity of 1,400 people.,該劇院可容納1400人。,capacity,釋義,n. U behaviour that shows you respect someone and are willing to accept their opinions or decisions 敬重；尊從；恭敬,例句,Visiting officials were treated with great

58、 deference.,來訪的官員得到了充分的尊重。,翻譯,Words,例句,The old sense of deference and restraint in royal reporting has vanished.,在對皇室進行的新聞報道中，那種由來已久的尊重和收斂意識已經(jīng)消失了。,翻譯,deference,釋義,n. C (often pl) ( with / to / between) a relationship between people or groups （人們、群體之間的）關系，聯(lián)系,例句,China is trying to strengthen its trade

59、 connections.,中國正在努力加強其貿(mào)易關系。,翻譯,Words,例句,Prisoners are encouraged to maintain family connections.,鼓勵囚犯與家人保持聯(lián)系。,翻譯,connection,真題,To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships (Dec. 2003, CET-4, Reading Comprehension),釋義,a. thinking about the feelings and needs of other people 關切的；體貼的；體諒的,例句,It was very considerate of you to let us know you were going to be late.,提前讓我們知道你會遲到，真是考慮