英語四級段落翻譯模擬題

1、,春節(jié)是中國最具特色的重要傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，標志著中國農(nóng)歷新年的開始，從除夕一直持續(xù)到正月十五元宵節(jié)。春節(jié)是家人團圓的節(jié)日，這一點和西方的圣誕節(jié)很相似。在外地工作的人，都會不遠千里回到家里和父母團聚。在除夕之夜，一家人聚在一起包餃子、吃年夜飯，即團圓飯。春節(jié)期間家家戶戶都會貼春聯(lián)、貼年畫。晚上12點左右，家家燃放煙花爆竹，辭舊迎新，希望送走不幸，迎來好運。春節(jié)第一天，大家互相拜年，送上最美好的祝愿。春節(jié)期間活動豐富，如敲鑼、打鼓、走高蹺、舞龍舞獅等。,The Spring Festival is the most unique and important traditional Chinese hol

2、iday. It marks the beginning of the Chinese lunar New Year, lasting from the New Years Eve to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month. Like Christmas in the West, the Spring Festival is a time for family reunion. People working away from home will travel a long distance to come

3、 back to join their parents. On New Years Eve, the whole family gets together, making jiaozi and enjoying the meal of the Eve, or family reunion dinner. Every household will paste up Spring Festival couplets and Chinese New Year pictures. Around 12 oclock at night, every family will set off firework

4、s and firecrackers to greet the new days and send off the old ones, hoping to cast away bad luck and bring forth good luck. On the first day of the Spring Festival, people pay New Years calls, giving best wishes to one another. There are various activities during the Spring Festival, such as beating

5、 drums and striking gongs, as well as stilt-walking, dragon and lion dances.,布達拉宮(Potala Palace)是一座舉世聞名的建筑群。它是世界上最高的古代宮殿，最高點達到3700米。 布達拉宮占地總面積為36萬平方米，主樓高117米，共13層。整座宮殿具有鮮明的藏式風格(Tibetan style。 布達拉宮堪稱是一座各種藝術(shù)的博物館，它收藏的無數(shù)珍寶對于研究西藏的政治、經(jīng)濟、歷史和文化都具有重大的價值。1994年，布達拉官被列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)(world cultural heritage )。,The Pota

6、la Palace is a world-famous architecture complex. It is the highest ancient palace in the world, reaching 3,700 meters at the top point. Covering a total area of 360,000 square meters, the Potala Palace is 117 meters high for the main building in 13 stories. The total palace is of distinct Tibetan s

7、tyle. The Potala Palace is called as a museum of various arts. It houses a collection of numerous treasures which is of great value for the study of politics, economy, history and culture in Tibet. In 1994, the Potala Palace was listed as a world cultural heritage site.,兵馬俑是20世紀最重大的考古發(fā)掘之一，1987年被聯(lián)合國教

8、科文組織列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。兵馬俑位于西安臨潼，秦始皇陵以東約1.5公里。1974年，一群農(nóng)民在皇家陵墓附近挖井時挖掘出一些陶器碎片，立即引起了考古學(xué)家的注意，然后才有了兵馬俑這一偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。1975年，國務(wù)院授權(quán)有關(guān)部門建立兵馬俑博物館。栩栩如生的兵馬俑排成作戰(zhàn)的陣勢，成為博物館最大的亮點。兵馬俑是世界考古史上最偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一，充分體現(xiàn)了中國古代人民的聰明才智和創(chuàng)造力。,The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses, one of the most significant archeological excavations of the 20th century, we

9、re listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987. It is located about 1.5 kimometers east of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in Lintong, Xian. In 1974, a group of farmers unearthed some pottery fragments while digging a well nearby the royal tomb. It caught the immediate attentio

10、n of archeologists and led to the great discovery of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses. In 1975, the State Counsil authorized the building of the Museum of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses.The life-like Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses arranged in battle formations are the star features at the m

11、useum. As one of the greatest archeological discoveries in the world, the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses fully demonstrate the extraordinary wisdom and superb creativity of the ancient Chinese people.,長城是世界上最偉大的奇跡之一，1987年被列為聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界文化遺產(chǎn)。它宛如一條巨龍，蜿蜒曲折，穿越草地、沙漠和高山，自西向東綿延8851.8公里（明長城）。經(jīng)過兩千多年的滄桑，長城部分城墻

12、已經(jīng)被毀或湮滅。但是，由于它建筑雄偉，歷史悠久，長城現(xiàn)今依然是世界上最具吸引力的景點之一。（長城始建于春秋戰(zhàn)國時期的燕、趙、秦等過，作為防御工事。）今天我們看到的長城主要建于明代。長城承載著豐富的中國文化，體現(xiàn)了中國人民的智慧和頑強。長城與黃河、長江一起，成為了中華民族的象征。,The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was listed as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987. Like a giant dragon, the Great Wall sinds

13、 its way across grasslands, deserts and mountains, stretching approximately 8851.8 kilometers (the Ming walls) from west to east of China. With a history of more than 2000 years, some of the sections are now in ruins or have disappeared. However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all

14、 around the world owing to its architectural grandeur and historical significance. (The Great Wall was originally built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period as a defensive project by states including Yan, Zhao, and Qin.) The Great Wall we see today was mostly built during th

15、e Ming Dynasty. The Great Wall carries a considerable part of Chinese culture and demonstrates the wisdom and tenacity of the Chinese people. It has become a symbol of the Chinese nation along with the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.,莫高窟（Mogao Caves）位于古代絲綢之路上的重鎮(zhèn)甘肅省敦煌市，被譽為20世紀最具有價值的文化發(fā)現(xiàn)，以其精美的壁畫(m

16、urals)和雕像聞名于世。莫高窟始建于公元366年，歷時近千年，到元朝已形成巨大的規(guī)?！，F(xiàn)有洞窟492個，壁畫45000余平方米，彩塑2400余尊，是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、保存最完好的佛教藝術(shù)寶庫。莫高窟的壁畫和雕塑反映了4世紀到14世紀中國社會生活的各個方面，為研究中國古代政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、宗教、民族關(guān)系等提供了珍貴資料。,Situated in the city of Dunhuang, Gansu Province along the ancient Silk Road, the Mogao Caves are hailed as the most valuable cultural d

17、iscovery in the 20th century, best known for their exquisite murals and statues in the world. Initiated in 366 A.D., and after nearly 1000 years of construction, the Mogao Caves had acquired a gigantic scale by the Yuan Dynasty. With 492 caves storing more than 45000 square meters of murals and over

18、 2400 colored statues, the site is now the worlds largest, best-preserved treasure house of Buddist art. These murals and sculptures mirrored the various aspects of Chinese social life from the 4th to the 14th century, and offered precious data for the study of ancient China in terms of politics, ec

19、onomy, culture, religion, and ethinic relations.,書法（calligraphy）是中國特有的一種書寫藝術(shù)，也是世界上獨一無二的藝術(shù)瑰寶。中國書法藝術(shù)的形成和發(fā)展與漢字的產(chǎn)生與演變有著密不可分的關(guān)系。漢字在漫長的演變過程中，不但起著思想交流、文化傳播的重要作用，而且還發(fā)展成了一種獨特的藝術(shù)形式。書法不僅是一種交流方式，也用來表現(xiàn)個人的內(nèi)心世界。它能很好地反映出書法家的個人感情、知識、修養(yǎng)、個性等等，所以有“字如其人”的說法。作為中華民族的文化瑰寶之一，中國的書法在世界文化藝術(shù)寶庫中獨放異彩。,Calligraphy, Chinas special

20、art of writing, is a unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of the Chinese characters. In its long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas

21、 and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphy is not only a means of communication, but also a means of expressing a persons inner world. It well reflects the calligraphers personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, hence the saying

22、“ The calligraphy is the index of the calligrapher.” As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the worlds treasure house of culture and art.,京劇是中國最受歡迎、影響最大的劇種，被認為是中國的“國劇”，至今已有約兩百年歷史。京劇本來是一種地方性戲劇，由于深受觀眾喜愛，逐漸傳遍大江南北，慢慢演變成全國性戲劇。京劇演員主要運用四種藝術(shù)手法：唱、念、做、打。在京劇中，男性的角色

23、被稱為“生”，女性的角色被稱為“旦”，小丑被稱為“丑”。每個角色都在臉上畫不同的臉譜。這樣，觀眾可以很容易地分清這些演員所扮演的是什么角色。如今，京劇已經(jīng)稱為介紹、傳播中國傳統(tǒng)文化的重要方式。,Peking opera, the most popular and most influencial opera in China, is regarded as Chinas “national opera” with a history of about 200 years. Originally a local drama, it was very popular with the audien

24、ce and gradually spread all over China, slowly evolving into a national drama. Its actors and actresses mainly use four forms of performing methods on stage, namely, chang (singing), nian (recitation), zuo (facial and body acting), and da (martial arts). In Peking opera, male roles are called sheng,

25、 female roles are dan, and clown roles are chou. Each role is characterized by drawings of different facial make-up designs. In this way, the audience can easily tell what characters the actors represent. Today, Peking opera has become an important means of introducing and transmitting traditional C

26、hinese culture.,孔廟(Temples of Confucius)是紀念我國偉大思想家、教育家孔子的祠廟建筑。中國孔廟很多，孔子故里曲阜的孔廟最大、最有名。該廟位于山東曲阜南門內(nèi)，是一組具有東方風格的宏偉建筑群。曲阜孔廟建于公元前478年，即孔子逝世的第二年。這里經(jīng)常舉行祭孔儀式?，F(xiàn)存孔廟在明清時期經(jīng)過重建和翻修，模仿皇宮規(guī)制，共有九進院落。主建筑沿南北中軸線分布，其他建筑左右對稱。,Temples of Confucius are temple constructions memorizing Confucius, Chinas great thinker and educat

27、or. Among the many Temples of Confucius in China, the one in Qufu, the hometown of Confucious, is the largest and the most famous. Located inside the south gate of Qufu, Shangdong Province, the Temple of Confucius is a group of grand buildings built in oriental style. The Temple was built in the yea

28、r of 478 BC, the second year after the death of Confucius. Sacrifices were often offered to the sage. The temple standing today was rebuilt and renovated during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Patterned after a royal palace, it is divided into nine courtyards. The main buildings run along a north-to-so

29、uth axis, with the attached buildings symmetrically in line.,甲骨文（oracle bone script）是中國的一種古代文字，被認為是現(xiàn)代漢字的早期形式。甲骨文出現(xiàn)在商朝晚期。當時，王室為了占卜記事而在龜甲或獸骨上契刻文字。這是中國最早的成體系的文字形式，現(xiàn)代漢字就是由甲骨文演變而來。值得一提的是，甲骨文屬于象形文字，即利用線條或筆畫把物體的外形特征勾畫出來。如今，漢字雖然還保留著象形文字的某些特征，但經(jīng)過數(shù)千年的演變，已跟原來的形象相去甚遠。,Oracle bone script, a form of ancient Chine

30、se writing, is cosidered an early form of modern Chinese characters. It emerged in the late Shang Dynasty. At that time, royal families carved words on turtle shells or animal bones to keep a record of divination and events. This was Chinas earliest form of systematic writing, and it was from the or

31、acle bone script that modern Chinese characters evolved. What is worth mentionting is that the oracle bone script belongs to pictograph-the use of lines or strokes to sketch out the appearance or the feature of a physical object. Today, Chinese characters still keep certain features of pictograph, b

32、ut after thousands of years of evolution, theyve becoe very different from their original looks,漢語方言作為地方文化的一種，是中國民族文化不可缺少的部分。中國式一個多民族、多語言的國家。漢族社會在發(fā)展過程中出現(xiàn)過不同程度的分化，因而逐漸產(chǎn)生了漢語方言?，F(xiàn)代漢語有各種不同的方言，分布的區(qū)域很廣。在現(xiàn)代漢語的幾大方言中，北方方言源于古漢語，是經(jīng)過數(shù)千年在廣大北方地區(qū)發(fā)展起來的?，F(xiàn)代漢語各方言之間的差異表現(xiàn)在語音、詞匯、語法各個方面，語音方面尤為突出，但它們不是獨立于漢語之外的另一種語言。,As part

33、 of local culture, Chinese dialects are an indispensable part of Chinese national culture. China is a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual country. In the process of its development, the Han Chinese society went through divisions at different levels, so the Chinese language was gradually mixed with dialec

34、ts. Modern Chinese language comprises various dialects from widely distributed areas. One of the few major dialects in modern Chinese is the northern dialect which was derived from the ancient Chinese language after thousands of years of development in the vast northern region. The differences of va

35、rious dialects in modern Chinese can be seen in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar, especially pronunciation, but none is a separate language independent of Chinese.,孔子是春秋時期魯國偉大的思想家和教育家，是儒家學(xué)派的創(chuàng)始人，被尊稱為古代的“圣人”。根據(jù)其學(xué)說發(fā)展起來的儒家思想是中國歷史上影響最大的思想流派，被漢代及以后的歷代封建統(tǒng)治者所推崇利用，成為影響整個封建社會的意識形態(tài)?？鬃拥难哉摵蜕交顒颖黄涞茏邮珍浽谡撜Z中。在

36、21世紀，孔子的學(xué)說不僅受到中國人的重視，而且也越來越受到整個國際社會的重視。,Confucius was a great thinker and educator of the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a founde of Confucianism and respectfully referred to as an ancient Sage. Confucianism, developed from the teachings of Confucius, is the most influencial sch

37、ool of thought in Chinese history. It was held in high esteem and used by the feudal rulers since the Han Dynasty, becoming the ideology influencing the whole feudal sociey. The words and life story of Confucius were recorded by his disciples in The Analects of Confucius. In the 21st century, Confuc

38、ius doctrine not only receives attention of the Chinese, but also increasingly gains ground in the international community.,“和”是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的一個重要思想。中國人為人處事強調(diào)“和”。在處理人與人的關(guān)系上，中國傳統(tǒng)思想主張“和為貴”以及“家和萬事興”，從而創(chuàng)造一個和諧的社會環(huán)境。在人與自然的關(guān)系上，人類應(yīng)當學(xué)會認識自然，尊重自然，保護自然。人與人、人與社會、人與自然都需要“和諧”。如今，和諧發(fā)展依然是我們的治國之本和管理人才之道。,Harmony is an impor

39、tant idea in traditional Chinese culture. Chinese people emphasize harmony when dealing with people and things. In dealing with interpersonal relationships, traditional Chinese ideas advocate “Peace is above everything” and “A harmonious family will prosper” so that a harmonious social environment c

40、an be created. When dealing with relationships between man and nature, human beings should learn to understand, respect, and protect nature. Harmony is needed between people, between people and society, and between people and nature. Today, harmony is still a key to governing the country and managin

41、g talent.,絲綢之路是公元前2世紀開始出現(xiàn)的一條聯(lián)系中國和歐亞大陸的貿(mào)易通道。由于這條古老的商路最開始以絲綢貿(mào)易為主，故稱為絲綢之路。這條商路也是連接古代中華文明和其他歐亞國家文明的重要紐帶。正是通過絲綢之路，中國古代的四大發(fā)明造紙術(shù)、火藥、指南針、印刷術(shù)才得以傳遍各地。中國的絲綢、茶葉和瓷器由此走向世界，歐洲也通過絲綢之路向中國出口各種商品，滿足中國市場的需要。作為國際貿(mào)易的通道和文化交流的橋梁，絲綢之路有效地促進了東西方經(jīng)濟文化的交流，并對中西方貿(mào)易、社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展乃至文明的進程都有著深遠的影響。,The Silk Road was a trade route connecting

42、 China and Eurasia, which began to emerge in the 2nd century BC. This ancient route started mainly with the trade of silk, hence the name the Silk Road. This trade route was also an important link connecting ancient Chinese civilization with that of other countries across Asia and Europe. It was thr

43、ough the Silk Road that ancient Chinas Four Great Inventions, namely papermaking, gunpowder, compass, and printing, were spread to the rest of the world. Chinas silk, tea, and porcelain were spread across the world through the Silk Road, and also exported its commodities to China by means of the Roa

44、d toEurope meet the need of the Chinese market. As an international trade channel and a cultural bridge, the Silk Road effectively promoted the Eastern and Western economic and cultural exchanges, and it had a profound impact on Chinese and Western trade, social and economic development, and even th

45、e process of civilization.,茶馬古道是位于中國西南地區(qū)、以馬為主要交通工具的一條商貿(mào)通道。它是目前世界上已知的地勢最高、最險的文明傳播古道，從唐代開始至20世紀，歷經(jīng)一千余年。茶馬古道就像一條大走廊，連接著沿途多個民族。它發(fā)展了當?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟，激活了商品市場，促進了農(nóng)業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展。與此同時，沿途地區(qū)的藝術(shù)、宗教、風俗文化也得到了廣泛的傳播。如今，茶馬古道已成為一條重要的旅游線路。,The Ancient Tea-Horse Road is a trade route in the southwestern region of China, with horses as

46、 its main means of transportation. It is the highest and most dangerous ancient road for civilization transmission known to the world today. It existed as a trade route for over 1000 years, starting from the Tang Dynasty until the 20th century. Like a large corridor, the Ancient Tea-Horse Road conne

47、cted all nations along its way. It developed the local economy, stimulated the commodity markets, and boosted agriculture and animal husbandry. Meanwhile, the art, religions, customs, and culture along the region were also spread widely. Today, the Ancient Tea-Horse Road has become an important tour

48、ist route.,說到中國古代的科技文明，人們自然就會想到“四大發(fā)明”，即指南針、火藥、造紙術(shù)和印刷術(shù)。這四種發(fā)明是古代中國先進科技的象征，具有重大的歷史意義。它們對中國古代的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了巨大的推動作用，也對世界的文明進程產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響?！八拇蟀l(fā)明”給人類的社會生活帶來了革命性的變革，是中國人對世界聞名的偉大貢獻。值得一提的是，在2008年北京奧運會的開幕式上，“四大發(fā)明”成為開幕式的主題之一。后來的一項調(diào)查顯示，很多人認為“四大發(fā)明”這個片段是這屆奧運會開幕式最精彩的部分。,Speaking of ancient Chinese civilization in scie

49、nce and technology, people will naturally think of the Four Great Inventions, namely the compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing. These four inventions are symbols of ancient Chinas advanced science and technology and are of great historical significance. They greatly promoted the development

50、of politics, economy, and culture in ancient China and had a tremendous influence on the process of world civilization. The Four Great Inventions brought about revolutionary changes to human social life. They are great contributions made by Chinese people to world civilization. What is worth mention

51、ing is that the Four Great Inventions were featured as one of the main themes of the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A subsequent survey indicated a universal recognition of the part on the Four Great Inventions as the highest of the opening ceremony.,電子商務(wù)在近幾年迅猛發(fā)展，使傳統(tǒng)零售業(yè)遭受重擊。傳統(tǒng)零售

52、業(yè)的營業(yè)收入大幅減少，而電子商務(wù)卻占領(lǐng)了原屬于傳統(tǒng)零售業(yè)的市場。在過去的一年中，很多品牌關(guān)閉了全國的幾千個實體店(physical store)。對于很多消費者來說，線上購物已成為他們生活中不可缺少的一部分，因此在實體店消費的時間和金額就下降了。分析家預(yù)測，在5年內(nèi)電子商務(wù)將占據(jù)中國零售總額的1/5，因而一些傳統(tǒng)零售店很可能被逐漸取代。,E-commerce has experienced tremendous growth in recent years, giving a heavy blow to the traditional retail industry. The revenue of the traditional retail industry has shrunk substantially, and its market has been occupied by e-commerce. In the past year, companies of a great many brands closed thousands of physical stores nationwide. For many consumers, online shopping has become an indispensable part of their live