大學(xué)英語四級考試作文之記敘文詳解

1、四級考試作文專題,記敘文,記敘文是以記人、敘事、寫景、狀物為主要內(nèi)容，以記敘、描寫為主要表達(dá)方式的一種文體，通常分為三類： 1. 以人物為主的記敘文，即以人物為中心組織材料，圍繞這個人物來寫一件事或兩件事。2. 以事件為主的記敘文。即以事件為中心組織材料，圍繞中心事件可以寫一個人或幾個人。3. 以寫景狀物為主的記敘文，應(yīng)注意的是，在一篇記敘文中，寫人、寫景、寫事往往是交織在一起的，不可截然分開，但各有側(cè)重。寫這類作文要綜合記敘、描寫和議論等寫作方法，既要交代時間、地點、人物、事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和變化，也要分析事情發(fā)生的原因或?qū)懗鰝€人感受。,記敘文的“六大要素”,時間（When） 何時發(fā)生，有沒有

2、具體時間？ 地點（Where） 何地發(fā)生，有沒有地點變化？ 人物（Who） 何人參與，誰是主角？ 事件（What） 發(fā)生了什么，有何特點？ 原因（Why） 事件的起因？ 結(jié)果（How） 事件的經(jīng)過及結(jié)局？,記敘的基本線索,綜合敘事型寫作流程,第一段：引出主題。(交待清楚事情發(fā)生的背景，如時間、地點及人物等。) 第二段：主體。(描述事情發(fā)生的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。) 第三段：事件分析。(分析事件發(fā)生的原因或者寫出個人的感受。),常用句型,1. 表示時間順序的連接詞： Early in the morning/In the early morning In the middle of the day/

3、At noon Late in the afternoon/In the late afternoon Far/Deep into the night In the past; At present,; In the future First; Second; Next; Then; Finally At first/In the beginning; At last/In the end Shortly afterwards/At once/Immediately/All of a sudden/Suddenly/Soon The moment /As soon as/The first t

4、ime ; Not until, Next time , Before , After , etc.,2.交代主題,3. 表示事件發(fā)生,4. 表示心理活動,5. 描寫人物外貌、性格 6. 描寫物體 7. 描寫景物,記敘文在四級考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率,An Early Morning Walk”（1988.6.）,When：題目已規(guī)定了是“清晨”，在這個時候，“我”去散步。 Where：到哪兒散步？去公園？在校園里？在街上（街上空氣不好，還是不去?。?。 Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子；在校園里看到讀書背單詞的學(xué)生。 What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂跳舞，打球，等等。 Why

5、：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉；一日之際在于晨，背背書，讀讀單詞。 當(dāng)然，由這個題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。,An Early Morning Walk,One morning I got up very early, and everything around was very quiet. The sun had just risen, shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk. There were only some birds singing

6、 occasionally in the tall trees. I strolled along the street toward the park, breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.,When I arrived at the park, I found, to my surprise, that there were so many people there. Men and women, boys and girls, all were enjoying themselves in their various a

7、ctivities. Some were doing morning exercises, some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully. I wandered around the park. To my delight, I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park. I we

8、nt up and spoke to them in English. We soon became friends. I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English. On the way home, I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful. Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.,評析,文章按照時間順序（in chronolog

9、ical order），第一句話點明時間（One morning）、人物（第一人稱“I”），并簡要描述了早晨的特點（What was the setting），接著第二段第一句話交代地點（in the park），然后介紹公園里人們及作者的活動（What was happening），最后在文章結(jié)尾點題，即，歸納中心思想Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 僅僅189個單詞既滿足了記敘文的“六大要素”，又有明確的中心思想和生動的細(xì)節(jié)，行文方式符合要求。,2003.6The Day My Classmate Fell Ill

10、/Got Injured,Directions：for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day my Classmate Fell Ill. 1、簡單描述一下這位同學(xué)生病的情況； 2、同學(xué)、老師和我是如何幫助他的； 3、人和人之間的這種相互關(guān)愛給我的感受是.,Sample：The Day My Classmate Fell Ill,I have a classmate named Angel, who is a lovely and bright girl. Sh

11、e is popular with all the classmates. One day, news came that Angel had got blood cancer. It really shocked everybody. When I saw her in the hospital, I could not help crying. She was so thin, so weak, and it seemed that only skin and bones were left. Her face was so pale. Even so, she gave us a big

12、 smile to comfort us.,We decided to help her save her life. Angel s family was not very rich and could not afford the operation. All the classmates and teachers began to raise money in school. Some called the media for help. In the end, we succeeded in raising the money for the first operation. We w

13、ill keep trying until Angel is cured. Many people offered as much help as they could even though they did not know Angel. I am really touched by this. There is love everywhere as long as we seek for it.,評析：,1.內(nèi)容上：緊扣主題。第一、二段詳細(xì)敘述生的什么病、病情嚴(yán)重性以及師生幫助她的方式。 2. 結(jié)構(gòu)上：思路清晰，主次分明，非常有條理（coherent）。記敘文中的五要素（Who, Whe

14、n, What, Why, How）都得到了詳實的敘述。 3. 語言上：邏輯性與連貫性強(qiáng)，句式結(jié)構(gòu)豐富多樣，閃光詞語很多。,An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident （2003年6月）,假設(shè)你在某日某時某地目擊一起車禍，就此寫一份見證書。見證書須包括以下幾點： 1）車禍發(fā)生的時間及地點 2）你所見到的車禍情況 3）你對車禍原因的分析,The Most Impressive Classmate in My College（2014年12月）,The Most Impressive Classmate in My College,Without qu

15、estion, Lisa is the person who has influenced my college life most. She is my classmate, who always leaves a deep impression on you by demonstrating her passion for life and the spirit of never yielding, even in the face of extreme challenges. She is the most courageous person I have ever known.,Dur

16、ing my college years, it is Lisa that kept teaching me how to live through setbacks in the life journey. Ill never forget that when I failed in my English examination and I felt overwhelmed, Lisa taught me that failure teaches success, everyone had to persevere and face up to innumerable setbacks, a

17、s long as I face my problems bravely, I would create my own wonderful life . With her help , I finally gained the confidence and passed the exam. Thanks to Lisa, I have learned the importance of courage, which is the indispensable characteristic in my life. She also let me know the importance of con

18、fidence. It means a lot to me and still in my head till this day.,命題趨勢,一、命題形式更為靈活。主要體現(xiàn)在以下兩點。一方面，作文題目體裁不局限單一的議論文，而是描寫、記敘、說明、議論等各種體裁的綜合考察。 二. 考查與大學(xué)生日常生活緊密相關(guān)的話題。寫作話題取材于考生的實際生活，更側(cè)重于內(nèi)容描述，基本語言的靈活運(yùn)用，考生必須要有話可說，掌握基本語言的運(yùn)用和表達(dá)。 三、語言仍然是考查重點。,An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident （2003年6月）,假設(shè)你在某日某時某地目擊一起車禍，就此寫一份見證書。見證書須包括以下幾點： 1）車禍發(fā)生的時間及地點 2）你所見到的車禍情況 3）你對車禍原因的分析,參考模板,My name is _. I am _. （自我介紹） At noon, around _oclock, _, I was _, when I was shocked by _. （事故的發(fā)生） I saw _.（第一眼所見場景） Soon _. （事情的發(fā)展一） I got there and f