約翰克蘭機(jī)械密封介紹

1、約翰克蘭機(jī)械密封產(chǎn)品與應(yīng)用,機(jī)械密封概述: 定義:機(jī)械密封()-由至少一對(duì)垂直于軸線的端面在流體壓力和補(bǔ)賞機(jī)構(gòu) 彈力(或磁力)的作用下以及輔助密封的配合下,保持貼合并相對(duì)滑動(dòng)而構(gòu)成 防止流體泄漏的裝置. 基本結(jié)構(gòu): 端面密封磨擦付 緩沖補(bǔ)賞和壓緊機(jī)構(gòu) 輔助密封(二級(jí)密封撓性元件) 傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu) 基本密封點(diǎn): 端面主密封點(diǎn) 靜環(huán)與端蓋輔助密封點(diǎn) 動(dòng)環(huán)與軸(軸套)輔助密封點(diǎn) 端蓋與泵體連接密封點(diǎn) 此外為了保證和提高機(jī)械密封的密封效果延長使用壽命,采取不同端面 的組合，增加如沖洗,節(jié)流冷卻,阻封和雜質(zhì)過濾等輔助系統(tǒng).,how a mechanical seal work ?,to separate th

2、e two sliding faces to lubricate the sliding faces to reduce friction / heat generation to prevent fluid leakage to the atmosphere,the seal faces are lapped very flat ( 1 to 2 lightbands). a very thin fluid film ( 3 to 5 microns) is formed and served the following purposes:,face, seat and springs,se

3、condary seals,0。294 m,the sealing interface,primary seal film thickness主密封膜厚度,fluid film thickness is very important too thin - wear, causing early seal failure too thick - visible leakage must be: present - beware dry running stable clean - beware abrasive wear symptoms reasonable viscosity tempera

4、ture controlled acceptable pressure,約翰克蘭機(jī)械密封產(chǎn)品與應(yīng)用,摩擦副端面檢測(cè)： 利用光波的干涉 效應(yīng)測(cè)量 工具：平晶 光源：鈉光 原理：光波干涉 干涉條紋 按圖示產(chǎn)生光帶確定密封端面平面度 1光帶=0。294m =0。588m （ =鈉光波波長）,約翰克蘭機(jī)械密封產(chǎn)品與應(yīng)用,family b ：推進(jìn)型“o”二次密封機(jī)械密封 特點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，二次密封為“o”型柔性件結(jié)構(gòu) 便于安裝與維修不損傷軸(軸套)表面 雙旋向結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 具有非平衡，平衡型兩種設(shè)計(jì) 選用不同材料應(yīng)用范圍廣泛 經(jīng)改型設(shè)計(jì)，廣泛應(yīng)用于烴泵易揮發(fā)介質(zhì) 基本密封型號(hào)： type 58u,58b,8-

5、1,8b1,48,5610,5620 type 1648,2648,3648(符合api 682標(biāo)準(zhǔn)) 鑒于約翰克蘭開發(fā) isolast高氟橡膠 (全氟醚橡膠)，該材料耐強(qiáng)腐蝕，高溫 (-200c-3250c)致使“o”型密封得到更廣泛應(yīng)用,family b 推進(jìn)型“o”型 低泄漏盒式密封,約翰克蘭機(jī)械密封產(chǎn)品與應(yīng)用,集裝式盒式密封特點(diǎn)及優(yōu)點(diǎn): 結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn): 密封包括端蓋,軸套完整提供 設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn): 改善,提高熱交換效率 材料優(yōu)選 結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)選 抗熱變形及抗壓力變形設(shè)計(jì) 產(chǎn)品優(yōu)點(diǎn): 簡(jiǎn)便,迅速,快捷的安裝 無需測(cè)量安裝長度 使用前在車間組裝并做靜壓試驗(yàn) 保證密封安裝的清潔度 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的零部件-有效的成本及

6、較短的交貨期,熱量引起的變形,壓力引起的變形,平行面接觸 穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行狀態(tài),密封面接觸變形分析,約翰克蘭機(jī)械密封產(chǎn)品與應(yīng)用,熱量引起變形的趨勢(shì),集合于點(diǎn)（線）接觸泄露通道,約翰克蘭機(jī)械密封產(chǎn)品與應(yīng)用,特點(diǎn)及優(yōu)點(diǎn)： “o”形推進(jìn)式機(jī)械密封設(shè)計(jì) 低泄漏的密封設(shè)計(jì) 可組合為單級(jí)，雙級(jí)串聯(lián)集裝式密封 根據(jù)不同介質(zhì)工況選擇應(yīng)用不同的動(dòng)，靜環(huán)及 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 多種規(guī)格，不同優(yōu)質(zhì)材料組合應(yīng)用,約翰克蘭機(jī)械密封產(chǎn)品與應(yīng)用,extended flush,circumferential flush,distributed flush,type 8b1 flush arrangements,二次節(jié)流密封,不帶二次節(jié)流單密封

7、將允許主密封正常的介質(zhì)泄露排放至大氣側(cè) 對(duì)于如下因素不可接受: 危險(xiǎn)或有毒介質(zhì)流體 易揮發(fā)流體 環(huán)保要求 二次密封可將主密封泄露 引到安全區(qū)域 當(dāng)主密封失效，二次節(jié)流密封也可使設(shè)備以一種可控制的方式切換停車。,約翰克蘭機(jī)械密封產(chǎn)品與應(yīng)用,item,description,1,2,3,4,5,6,garter spring,segmental bushing,spring,o-ring,follower plate,cap screw,1,3,2,4,6,5,hard deposit,secondary containment,segmented carbon bush,約翰克蘭機(jī)械密封產(chǎn)品與應(yīng)

8、用,煉油和化學(xué)工業(yè)對(duì)機(jī)械密封要求的最新趨勢(shì): 高工況，高參數(shù) 期望延長使用壽命. 密封標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化/減少現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的調(diào)試/減少庫存. 有計(jì)劃的間隔維修/防止故障間隔維修. 遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測(cè)/監(jiān)控 環(huán)保要求-零泄漏 可靠性. 安全性,約翰克蘭機(jī)械密封產(chǎn)品與應(yīng)用,api 682 機(jī)械密封標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(第二版) 機(jī)械密封 石油化工 泵制造商 制造商 工業(yè) 主機(jī)廠 api 682 的最終目的是可靠性, 安全性, 減少泄漏 機(jī)械密封使用壽命最低為三年 節(jié)能問題倍受關(guān)注, 以壽命成本為考核依據(jù) 滿足 最終用戶的利益,約翰克蘭機(jī)械密封產(chǎn)品與應(yīng)用,機(jī)械密封輔助系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用: 基本系統(tǒng)-為保證機(jī)械密封正常使用,選用正確的密封輔助系統(tǒng), 增加如

9、沖洗,循環(huán),抗溫,抗壓,排渣,節(jié)流,潤滑,防結(jié)晶, 防介質(zhì)泄漏等功能,改善機(jī)械密封的工作環(huán)境,從而保 證機(jī)械密封的正常運(yùn)行. 基本系統(tǒng)功能: 控制泄漏 控制壓力 控制磨蝕 控制腐蝕 防污染 防泄漏 基本系統(tǒng)分類: api 610 plan 系統(tǒng) 介質(zhì)沖洗 api 610 plan 01,11, 12,13,14，21,22,23,31,41 外流體沖洗 api 610 plan 32,51，（61）62 緩沖液（氣）循環(huán)系統(tǒng) api 610 plan 52，72 隔離液（氣）循環(huán)系統(tǒng) api 610 plan 53a,53b,53c,54，74 收集與排放系統(tǒng) api plan （71），75

10、，76,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,integral (internal) recirculation from pump discharge to seal 內(nèi)部循環(huán)從泵的出口到密封,advantage 優(yōu)點(diǎn) - no external piping 沒有外部沖洗 limitations 局限性 - changing flow rate required dismantling of pump 改變流量需要拆泵 - for clean pumpages only 只能是適用干凈的介質(zhì),api piping plans api 沖洗方案,points to note f

11、or api plan 02: api 02 沖洗方案應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)： the injection tapping is used for venting prior to startup. -在開車前，入口用來進(jìn)行放空 api plan 02 is often used together with plan 62, especially on high temperature bellows seals.沖洗方案2經(jīng)常與62一起用，特別是用在高溫波紋管密封,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,no flushing to the mechanical seal (dead-en

12、ded) 機(jī)械密封里沒有沖洗,points to note for api plan 11: api 沖洗方案11 應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng) - use an orifice to restrict the flow rate if the discharge pressure is 3 bar higher than seal chamber pressure.如果出口壓力高于密封腔壓力3bar，需要用一個(gè)孔限制流量 - use on clean and low abrasives duties用在干凈，含磨石性顆粒少的工礦,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,seal flushing

13、 by-pass from discharge 單密封通過出口進(jìn)行沖洗,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,overhung pump 1 seals,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,overhung pump 1 seals,recirculation from seal chamber through a flow control orifice and back to pump suction從密封腔里通過一個(gè)孔板返回到泵的入口,points to note for api plan 13: api 沖洗方案 13 應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng) - use an or

14、ifice to restrict the flow rate if the seal chamber pressure is 3 bar higher than suction pressure.如果密封腔壓力高于入口壓力3bar，需要用一個(gè)孔限制流量 - handle abrasives duty better than api plan 11處理含有磨蝕性顆粒的工況13方案好于11方案 - higher seal chamber pressure to suppress vaporisation較高的密封腔壓力可抑制它的汽化,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,+,=,p

15、oints to note for api plan 14: api 沖洗方案 14 應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)： - flow back to suction side will evacuate vapours that may collect in seal chamber. - recommended for light hydrocarbon service.,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,recirculation from pump discharge through a flow control orifice and cooler to seal open loop

16、cooling circuit,cooling water outlet冷水出口,cooling water inlet冷水入口,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,recirculation from a pumping ring in the seal chamber through cooler and back to seal closed loop cooling circuit 沖洗液通過密封腔中的泵效環(huán)從密封腔中流出經(jīng)過換熱器，再返回到密封中，形成自封閉循環(huán)。形

17、成封閉的冷卻回路,throat bushing,suction入口,discharge出口,18 - 24,vent at highest point of the piping排起在管線的最高點(diǎn),cooling water outlet冷水出口,cooling water inlet冷水入口,mechanical seal with pumping ring,heat exchanger換熱器,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,points to note for api plan 23: thermosyphon design熱虹吸設(shè)計(jì) * heat exchanger

18、換熱器 18 to 24“ above pump centre line. 在泵中心線以上 18 to 24 * prevent overheating in standby and startup. * 在泵啟動(dòng)和備用時(shí)，要防止過熱。 install close fitting neck bushing at the bottom of seal chamber to isolate the heat from the impeller end.在密封腔底部安裝喉部襯套用來隔離從葉輪傳出的熱量 used on high temperature applications to minimise

19、 heat load on the cooler by cooling only small amount of liquid that is recirculated.用于高溫工況，通過冷卻密封腔的小部分的循環(huán)流體來使冷卻器的熱負(fù)荷降至最低. for high temperature boiler feed pump applications用于高溫鍋爐給水泵上 other applications其他應(yīng)用 * high temperature liquid close to bubble point. * 接近沸點(diǎn)的高溫液體.,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,recir

20、culation from pump discharge through a cyclone separator delivering clean fluid to the seal and fluid with solids back to pump suction line沖洗液從泵出口流出，通過一旋液分離器，使干凈流體進(jìn)入 密封腔，帶有顆粒的流體返回到泵入口處形成封閉循環(huán),api piping plans api 沖洗方案,points to note for api plan 32:對(duì)于api plan 32 須注意: - chose a proper source of seal f

21、lush to eliminate the potential for vaporisation of the injected fluid and to avoid contamination of the fluid being pumped with the injected flush.選擇合適的密封沖洗源， 以減少?zèng)_洗流體的汽化，同時(shí)可避免沖洗流體被污染。 - install a labyrinth bushing at the bottom of the stuffing box to control the flushing and pressure if necessary.

22、- - 如有必要的話，在密封腔底部安裝喉部襯套或迷宮密封來控制沖洗和壓力。,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,single seal flushing from external source 單密封通過外部來源進(jìn)行沖洗,throat bushing,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,clean external flush,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,clean external flush,tapped connections for the purchasers use 在接口處攻螺紋，以方便用戶使用,point to note

23、 for api plan 61:對(duì)于api plan 61 須注意: typically this plan is used when the purchaser is to provide fluid (such as steam, gas, or water ) to an auxiliary sealing device. 通常在買方能給密封輔助系統(tǒng)提供流體（如蒸汽、氣體或水）的情況下，才采用該方案,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,points to note for api plan 62: 對(duì)于api plan 62 須注意: the quench may be required to prevent solids from accumulating on the atmospheric side of the seal.增加吹掃口以防止在密封大氣側(cè)有顆粒的積累 typically used with a close-clearance throttle bushing. 普遍使用節(jié)流襯套,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,single seal quench from external source 單密封通過外部急冷,api piping plans api 沖洗方案,e.g steam quench,plan