各大時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解

1、We should move from ”Made in China” to “Created in China”, from “China speed “ to “China quality”, “from “Chinese products” to “Chinese brands”.,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),The Passive Voice,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本用法 當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)be表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。,一、運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情景,1. 講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 (這時(shí)可

2、省 by 短語(yǔ))。 My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的承受者。 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 為了更好地安排句子。 The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一個(gè)主語(yǔ)就夠了）,His brother washes bowls every day.,主,謂,賓(受動(dòng)者),Bowls,are washed,by,

3、his brother,every day.,改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beilun. People speak English as the first language in UK.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.

4、,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beilun.,English is spoken as the first language in UK.,你知道這些被動(dòng)句的否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句嗎？,1.They make shoes in that factory. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ),Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： S(主語(yǔ)）+am/is /are +過(guò)去分詞,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),He looked after the little b

5、aby yesterday.,主,謂,賓(受動(dòng)者),The little baby,was looked after,by,him,yesterday .,They built the tall building last year. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. We cleaned our classroom just now. They used this room for resting. They planted many trees years ago.,The tall building was built

6、by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,This room was used for resting by them.,Many trees were planted by them years ago.,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：S+wa

7、s/were +過(guò)去分詞,Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,主,謂,賓(受動(dòng)者),The room,will be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,We will have a sports meeting next week. Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon. The farmers will grow different kinds of vegetables

8、next spring. Uncle Wang will mend the TV set tomorrow.,A sports meeting will be had by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the schoolyard tomorrow.,A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,Different kinds of vegetables will be grown by the farmers next spring.,The TV

9、 set will be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow.,3.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)： S+ will+be+過(guò)去分詞,4Amy can take good care of Gina ,Gina can be taken good care of by Amy. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： S+ can/may/must/should + be+過(guò)去分詞,1.He can take care of the baby.

10、2.Lucy may draw the pictures. 3.You must turn off the lights. 4.They should learn English well. 5.Jim could do it yesterday.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,It could be done by Jim y

11、esterday.,歸納總結(jié)方法,把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可按“一變、二套、三注意”來(lái)進(jìn)行。 即： 一變-把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ) 改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的介詞by的賓語(yǔ)。 二套-根據(jù)原句的時(shí)態(tài)套用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。 三注意-注意人稱的變化而引起的主謂一致問(wèn)題。 例如： Many people speak English. English by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday.,is spoken,were washed,練習(xí)： 1.Many people speak Eng

12、lish. 2.They made computers in the U.S.A. 3.People used knives for cutting things. 4.People used metal for making machines. 5.They produce silk in Suzhou and Hangzhou. 6.They speak English in Canada.,7.They write business letters in English. 8.They grow rice in South China. 9.They plant many trees i

13、n North China. 10.Lu Xun wrote this book. 11.The workers built some bridges. 12.We can use the box as a table. 13.We should clean the classroom every day,下列時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成 1.Lucy is watering the trees. 2.The boy was mending his bike. 3.We have finished our compositions.,看一看 想一想,Some workers are painting t

14、he rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： S+ am/is/are + being +過(guò)去分詞,I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night,My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： S+ was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

15、S+ have/has + been+過(guò)去分詞,各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)照表,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的特殊情況 1.不及物動(dòng)詞帶介詞和介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，仍然要帶上介詞。 e.g. The students listen to the teacher carefully in class. 被動(dòng)句：The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class. e.g. They look after the new students in the school. 被動(dòng)句：The new students are loo

16、ked after by them in the school.,1).Parents always look after their children carefully. Children are always looked after carefully. 2).She will turn off the light after class. The light will be turned off after class。 3).She listened to the teachers carefully sometimes. The teachers were listened to

17、 carefully sometimes.,2.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(有賓補(bǔ)), 并且賓補(bǔ)是省去“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中應(yīng)加“to” e.g. They make us do all the work. 被動(dòng)句：We are made to do all the work by them. e.g. We often hear her sing songs. 被動(dòng)句：She is often heard to sing songs by us. e.g. I saw him walk to school. 被動(dòng)句：He was seen to walk to school by me

18、. 特別提示：一些使役動(dòng)詞(let, have, make等)或感觀動(dòng)詞(see, hear, watch, 中后面接的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動(dòng)時(shí)，要補(bǔ)上to。(記憶口訣：“使感動(dòng)詞”真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to走開(kāi)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to回來(lái)?！?,使役動(dòng)詞和感觀動(dòng)詞主被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)對(duì)照表,go, The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw him enter the house. He was seen to en

19、ter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. 注意當(dāng)使用see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，doing保持不變。如： I saw him going int

20、o the shop.(主動(dòng)) He was seen going into the shop.(被動(dòng)),3.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)(一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)是指人，一個(gè)是指物)，將其中指人的賓語(yǔ)提前作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)按順序照抄下來(lái)；如是將指物的賓語(yǔ)提前作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，在被動(dòng)句中則指人賓語(yǔ)前應(yīng)加“to”或“for” 。 e.g. He gives me a flower everyday. 被動(dòng)1 I am given a flower by him everyday. 被動(dòng)2 A flower is given to me by him everyday. e.g. My mother bought m

21、e a computer. 被動(dòng)1 I was bought a computer by my mother . 被動(dòng)2 A computer was bought for me by my mother .,1.He passed me some paper. I was passed some paper by him. Some paper was passed to me by him. 2.He bought me a present for my birthday. I was bought a present by him for my birthday. A present w

22、as bought for me for my birthday by him. 3. They have given me some good advice. I have been given some good advice. Some good advice has been given to me.,練習(xí)： 將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句。 1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully. Li Leis father is listened to carefully by Li Lei . 2.The mother looked after the baby

23、 in the room. The baby was looked after by the mother in the room. 3.We took care of the things. The things were taken care of by us. 4.They gave us some work. We were given some work by them. Some work was given to us by them. 5.The boy made them laugh all the time. They were made to laugh all the

24、time by the boy. 6.My mother buys me a bike. A bike is bought for me by my mother. I am bought a bike by my mother.,1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a mont

25、h.,EXERCISES,are used,are,cleaned,(變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told h

26、er to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.Must we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work.