初中英語語法名詞

1、Revision of Junior English 主講：劉 平腦圖英語培訓(xùn)中心英語教研室,Nouns 名詞,名 詞 表示人、事物、地點的名稱或者抽象概念的詞 分為專有名詞和普通名詞,專有名詞 表示個別的人、事物、地點等專有的名稱。專有名詞第一個字母要大寫 * Lucy * China * the Summer Palace,普通名詞 分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 可數(shù)名詞 表示人、事物、地點等的名稱。 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式之分,名詞的單數(shù)形式 一般可用a來修飾 * a car *a book 在元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用 an * an elephant * an apple 請區(qū)別：a

2、useful machine,名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 1.復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法 (1) 一般在單數(shù)名詞后加“s”/s/or/z/ * dog dogs * book books (2) 以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加“es”/iz/ *box boxes *watch watches,(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加“es” /iz/ * country countries * factory factories 請區(qū)別：如果是元音字母加y 結(jié)尾的名詞則只須加“s” * boy boys * monkey monkeys,(4) 以o結(jié)尾的名詞加“s” /z/ * radio radios

3、* zoo zoos 只有 potato tomato加“es”構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù) potato potatoes tomato tomatoes (5) 以f、fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,變f、fe 為v再加“es” /vz/ * half halves * shelf shelves *knife knives * leaf leaves,2.特殊變化的單詞 (1)單復(fù)數(shù)同形 Chinese Chinese fish fish Japanese Japanese sheep sheep (2)變元音字母oo為ee tooth teeth foot feet,3.變man為 men man men woman

4、women policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 請區(qū)別：German(德國人) Germans 4. 其它形式 child children mouse mice,5.一些合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成分兩種情況 (1)將中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) girlfriend girlfriends grandchild grandchildren (2) man,woman 構(gòu)成的合成詞，每個名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù) a man doctor men doctors a woman teacher women teachers,6.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞 people clothes

5、police trousers glasses 這些名詞作主語時，注意它們的謂語用復(fù)數(shù) * My clothes are newer than yours. * The police often come here.,7.可用how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, some，a lot of 等修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) *There are a few people in the park. *How many knives are there in your pencil-box?,不可數(shù)名詞 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞屬于不可數(shù)名詞如: water，rice，fish，m

6、eat 等。 特別記?。?work chalk time space music money weather cotton homework wood information news medicine,1.不可數(shù)名詞無復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時?？闯蓡螖?shù) *Some bread is over there. *No news is good news. 2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞 *They had much money. *He does little housework at home.,3.常

7、用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量,單復(fù)數(shù)表現(xiàn)在of 前面的名詞上，而 of 后始終是單數(shù) *There is a piece of paper in the book. *Three glasses of orange are on the desk.,注意： 可數(shù)名詞也可用量來表示， of 后用復(fù)數(shù) * There are two bags of clothes over there. * We have five boxes of apples.,4.有些可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞在一定情 況下可相互轉(zhuǎn)化，同一個詞，

8、但意思不同 (1) glass(玻璃) a glass(玻璃杯) paper(紙) a paper(報紙) work(工作) a work(著作) room(空間) a room(房間),(2) fruit(水果) fruits (各種水果) fish(魚) fishes(各種魚) hair(所有頭發(fā)) hairs (幾根頭發(fā)) time(時間) times(時代),巧分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,物體分幾半，名字不改變，不可數(shù)名詞 記心間；（paper ,milk ,water ,meat） 物體分幾半，名字就改變，可數(shù)名詞記心間。 （car ,radio ,bed ,man）,名詞的一般用法 名

9、詞做定語 1.修飾另一名詞時,一般用單數(shù) * He has two pencil-boxes. * There are three banana trees over there. 2.man woman用做定語時,應(yīng)與后面的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致 *We need a man teacher. *They are all women workers.,3.sports,clothes做定語時,仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式 *a sports field *a clothes shop 4. 當(dāng)數(shù)詞與單位名詞一起做定語時， 單位名詞往往用單數(shù)形式,數(shù)詞與單位名詞用“-”連接。 *He is a fourteen-y

10、ear-old boy. *This is a two-hour plan.,名詞做主語時,應(yīng)注意名詞的數(shù)，避免主謂不一致。 * Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers. 她家是一個大家庭,她的家人都是老師。 *There is a pair of glasses on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡,名詞所有格 表示名詞間的所有關(guān)系“ 的” 一.名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法 1.單數(shù)名詞后加“ s” *Tom s book *my friend s uncle 2.以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則在s后加“ ”即可 *Teache

11、rs Day *two weeks holiday,3.不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格,仍按慣例加“ s” * Children s Day * men s shoes 4.用of加名詞，構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系的短語，主要用于表示無生命名詞的所有關(guān)系 *the color of the wall *a picture of the classroom,二.名詞所有格的幾個注意點 1.可用名詞所有格表示地點, 地點名詞習(xí)慣上省略 * my aunts ( home） (我姑姑家） * go to the teachers ( office） (去老師辦公室） 2.有些名詞的所有格可用兩種形式 *the ca

12、ts name / the name of the cat *Chinas capital/ the capital of China,3.表示兩人共同擁有,在最后一個名詞后加“s” * Lucy and Lilys room 露西和莉莉的房間（兩人共有一間房間） 請區(qū)別: Lucys and Lilys rooms 露西的房間和莉莉的房間 （兩人各有一間房間）, in hospital (生病)住院 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里 *Hes ill in hospital. 他生病住院。 *My parents work in the hospital. 我的父母在醫(yī)院工作。,Ex

13、ercises,用名詞的正確形式填空 1 He cut the apple into _ (half). 2 The _ (potato) are mine. 3 How many _ (family) are there in this town? 4 There are ten _ (deer) on the farm. 5 These _ (German) are _ (businessman). 6 Last week we went to the _ (child) Park.,halves,potatoes,families,deer,Germans,businessmen,Chi

14、ldrens,改錯 1. Its a hard work. 2.We dont have any class on Sundays. 3. The rooms windows are very big. .,Its hard work.,We dont have any classes on Sundays.,The windows of the room are very big.,4 How many milk is there in the bag? 5.Could I have three papers ,please？ 6.These two pieces of bread is o

15、ver there.,How much milk is there in the bag?,Could I have three pieces of paper ,please？,These two pieces of bread are over there.,( )1 I found _ good news in _ newspaper. A. a, a B.a piece of , a piece of C.a, a piece of D. a piece of , a ( )2 What _ it is today! A. a fine weather B. fine weather

16、C. fine a weather D. the fine weather ( )3 To their _ , they have all passed the exam. A. surprise B. surprising C. surprises D. surprised,D,B,A,( )4 Lucy is _ sister. A. Mary and Jack B. Marys and Jacks C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jacks ( )5 Please make _ for him. He is very tired. A. any room B.

17、 any room C. some rooms D. some room ( )6 The model plane was made by a _ boy. A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-older C. ten-year-old D. ten-year old,D,D,C,( ) 7 He went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes. A shoes store B shoe store C shoes store D shoes store ( ) 8 I will give you _ to finish it. A two weeks time B two weeks time C two week time D two weeks time ( ) 9 The two bedroom are the _. A twins B twins C twins D twins,B,B,C,( ) 10 This is an old photo of mine when I _. A have short hairs B had short hairs C have short ha